Unit1UsinglanguageCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheoryNicolausCopernicusborn:inPolandin1473

died:May24,1543

Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.or？Whichisthecenterofthesolarsystem?BeforeCopernicus’theory

Copernicus’theorySunearthearth

SunDrawthetwotheoryoftheuniverseMainideaofeachparagraphthebackgroundofCopernicus’studythecauseofCopernicus’studytheprocedure(過程)ofCopernicus’studytheresultofCopernicus’studypara1para2para3para4para5Copernicus’theoryreplacedtheChristianideaandprovedcorrect.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefully,thenanswerthesequestions.BecausethepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.2.Whatwashistheoryabout?(Para1)

Allhismathematicalcalculationsledto

thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.Whywouldhenottellabouthistheory?(Para1)3.Whathadtheastronomersnoticedinthesky?(Para2)

Theyhadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.4.WhendidCopernicuscompletehistheory?(Para3)Between1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.SummaryCopernicuswas_________becausehefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolar________.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthe___________oftheotherplanetsinthesky___________.Hekeptimprovinghisnewtheoryuntilhefeltitwas__________in1514.Hesuggestedthattheearthwas_________asitwentroundthesun.

confused

pletespinningHisfriendswere___________andencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswas________hedidn’twanttobe_________byChristianChurch.Infact,hewasright.TheChurch_________histheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sidea.enthusiasticcautiousattackedrejectedLanguagepointscontribute1.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothes___thehomelesspeople.Eatingtoomuchfatcan______________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakesome____________totheclass.【我的筆記】1.contribute___有助于；促使；導致contribute...to...向…捐獻/捐贈/投稿…2.contributionn.貢獻；捐款make_______________________________to(doing)sth.對…作出貢獻3.表示“引起；導致；有助于”的詞語還有:____________________________等。contributeto

tocontributionsacontribution/contributionscause,leadto,resultintoapartfrom除…之外;此外1)Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant’sstomach,theforestwassilent._______除了從大象的肚子偶爾傳來聲音,森林里非常寂靜。2)Apartfromthat,therewereallsortsofdisasters._____________除此之外,還有各種各樣的災難。apartfrom既可表示besides的含義，也可表示except(for)含義besides“除了…之外還有…”，除去的東西包括在范圍內，相當于inadditionto/aswellasexcept(for)“除…之外”,除去的東西不包括在范圍內我的筆記：exceptbesides1.Thissentencehehasmadedoesn’tmakesense.＝Thissentencehehasmade_____________.2.Wereadthroughthepoem,butcouldnot______________it.3.Whatyousayistrue_____________.4.Innosense____________________;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.你決不應該灰心喪氣。繼續嘗試，你遲早會成功的。6.________________ingettingupsetaboutitnow.2.makesense講得通；有意義make___sense沒道理；沒意義makesenseof _____________asense從某種意義上來說innosense_______________________________Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事沒道理/意義【我的筆記】inasenseThereisnosensemakesnosensemakesenseofshouldyouloseheartno理解；弄懂決不;決非(位于句首時,句子用部分倒裝)in1.I’msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiastic______sports.2.She’sveryenthusiastic________(read)thenovelswrittenbyMoYan.3.Althoughshe’sabeginner,sheplayedwithgreat_____________(enthusiastic)．【我的筆記】3.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的1.beenthusiastic________對…有熱情2.beenthusiastic___________.非常喜歡做某事3.____________n.熱情；熱心_____enthusiasm=enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地；熱心地

abouttoreadenthusiasmabouttodosthenthusiasmwith4.cautiousadj小心的；謹慎的cautionn小心；謹慎becautious__________...對…小心/謹慎______caution＝cautiouslyadv.小心地,謹慎地【我的筆記】①He

isusually

cautious_______

hiswork.他通常對他的工作持謹慎態度。②Youshouldcrossabusystreet______caution.＝Youshouldcrossabusystreet________(cautious).穿過一條繁忙的馬路時要小心謹慎。aboutwithcautiouslyof/aboutwith5.rejectvt.拒絕(雇用、錄取等)；不接受(提議、建議等)；拋棄；(因質量不好而)廢棄rejectionn.寫出下列句中reject的含義①Theyrejectedhisapplicationformembership. ②Itishardformetoreject

religiousbeliefs. ③He

rejectedthesuggestionshisfriendshadgiven.[辨析比較]

reject,refuse④Hekeptsilentand________toanswermyquestion.⑤Ihavebeen________byalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.

拒絕拋棄不接受refusedrejected【我的筆記】reject常用于正式場合，rejectsthrefuse普通用詞，refuse(sb)sth,refusetodosth6.用arise,rise,raise的正確形式完成句子1.Whathesaid______mycuriosity.2.She______earlyinthemorning.3.She______herfingertoherlipsasasignforsilence.4.Anewdifficultyhas______.aroseroseraisesarisenraisevt.raisedraised舉起，提高，引起

risevi.

rose

risen

上升，起立，升起arisevi.

arosearisen

產生，引起

【我的筆記】1.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.onlyif只要...,只有...位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。Eg.只有用這種方式工作，你才能夠成功。Onlyifyouworkinthiswaywill

youbeabletosucceed.回顧：Only+狀語置于句首，主句謂語用部分倒裝。OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.

Onlyifyoukeepahealthydiet__________keepfit.OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionasecondtime____________________thespellingmistake.

canyoudidshenotice拓展：Ifonly+句子。“要是...該多好啊！”用來表示一個不可能實現的愿望或假設，句子要用虛擬語氣。Eg.Ifonlyyouhadtoldmeearlier.2.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit，graduallyimprovinghistheory

untilhefeltitwascomplete.現在分詞短語在句中作伴隨狀語Tonylentmethemoney,________(hope)thatIwoulddoasmuchaspossibleforhim.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_______(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?hoping

feeling3.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上,而行星則圍繞著太陽轉,只有月球仍然繞著地球轉。with的復合結構:with＋n./pron.＋介詞短語/形容詞/副詞/不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞(1)With+n./pron.+介詞短語Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.(2)With+n./pron.+副詞

WithMr.Smithaway,we’vegotmoreroom.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式

Withsomuchworktodo,hecouldnotgohome.(4)With+n./pron.+現在分詞Thestreetwasquietwithnobusesrunning.(5)With+n./pron.+過去分詞Incameamanwithhishandstiedback.(6)With+n./pron.+形容詞Heworeashirt,withtheneckopen,showinghisbarechest.1.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.2.Withalotofwork_______(do),hewasnotallowedtogoout.3.Thegirlfeltverysafewithhermother_______(stand)behindher.finishedto