第十四章語氣初中知識回顧初中學(xué)習(xí)的是陳述語氣和祈使語氣。這兩種語氣，都是表示真實的描述、推測或者命令等。回顧一：陳述語氣陳述語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。.Thereabasketballmatchinourschooltomorrow/B)A.willhaveB.wiilbeC.arcD.isgoingtobe回顧二：祈使語氣祈使語氣表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。.yourumbrella,oryou'llcatchacoldonsucharainyday.(A)A.TakeB.TotakeC.TakingD.Takes高中知識銜接在高中，我們要學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式。它用來表示所說的不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或是與事實相反的假設(shè)。類別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式(be用were)；主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+過去分詞；主句動詞：should/would/could/might+havc+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原物were+不定式;主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其他狀語從句asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在將來/事實相反：從句動詞用過去式，主句動詞用should/would+動詞Eveniftheyweretofail,theywouldn'tlosecourage.

原形。與過去事實相反:從句動詞：had+過去分詞；主句動詞：should/would+have+過去分詞賓語從句demand,suggest,order,insist等表命令、建議、要求后的從句中動詞（should）+動詞原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式、過去完成式和coukVwould+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat...等從句中，謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.表語從句和同位語從句作idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建議、要求的詞的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.Theideathatyou(should)goisright.其他句型中Itistimethat…句型中動詞用過去式或shou【d+動詞原形It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!.1didn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD【解析】本題考查的是f條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是“我''在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此“如果她來了”與事實相反，前面一句交代了是一般過去時的虛擬，所以從句中用had+過去分詞。.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsA.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsC.toldD.hadtold—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeenA【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為：一孩子們哪兒去了？這頓飯快要吃不起來了。一我但愿他們不要老是遲到。wish引出虛擬語氣，題干中出現(xiàn)always,從句虛擬使用一般過去時。選A。4-1havegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.-Really?!wishyoumeaboutitearlier.Afterall,wearefriends.A.toldB.hadtoldC.wouldtoldD.tellB【解析】同上。.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wcrcbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC【解析】本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了“，而實際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實相反。前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而主句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用werebrokeno.—Thankyoufbrtellingmeofthetime,orIlateyesterday.-Don'tmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeenD【解析】同上。throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgoneA【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為：沒有你的慷慨幫助，我是不可能度過那段痛苦的時期的。thatbitterperiod表示過去的時間，對過去的虛擬語氣用主語+should/would/couldmighl+havedone表達(dá)，故選A。.Withoulhishelp,Itheworkintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinishedD【解析】同上。.Gcorgcisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfbcusD.hadfocusedB【解析】wouldrather也是虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志。句意為：約翰將要談?wù)撍膰业牡乩恚俏覍幵杆嗟仃P(guān)注一下文化。.-Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatB【解析】同上。思考總結(jié)虛擬語氣是高中階段的重點也是難點語法，常常用來表示說話人的愿望、請求、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。其常考點為：1.判斷表示建議、命令、請求后的從句所使用的虛擬語氣；2.without,butfor等隱含的虛擬語氣;3.if引導(dǎo)的錯綜時間虛擬語氣。隨堂練習(xí)I.單句填空.Shouldnaps(小睡)actually(take)duringtheday?【答案】betaken.Therearetwodrivers.Onehasadestinationinmindwhichcan(find)onamap.【答案】befoundII.單句改錯.Though1don'tknowwhatIcandofortheanimalsyet,Icanatleasttofollowmybrother.【答案】刪除t。.ShealsosuggestedthatIcanintroducemyculturetomyclassmates.【答案】can—?should或刪除can.(2019江蘇,31)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodlimetogether.【答案】wouldhavehad.(2019天津,14)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.【答案】wouldhaveaccomplished.(2018北京,12)Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.【答案】can.（2018天）聿,1（））1can'tfindmypurse.Ihaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.【答案】could/might.（2018天津,15）Ifwe（catch）theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.【答案】hadcaught.（2018江蘇,27）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI（have）asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.【答案】had.（2017］匕京,2l）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreach（hebooksonthetopshelf.【答案】can.（2017天津,2）Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.【答案】needn't.（2017天津,15）—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I（be）abletoreachheryesterday.【答案】wouldn'thavebeen.（2017江蘇,22）（be）itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.【答案】Were.（2016北京,31）1lovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.【答案】needn't.（2016北京,34）Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou（tell）me,Icouldhavehelped.【答案】hadtold.（2016天津,5）1（wasreallyannoying;Igetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.【答案】couldn't.（2016fl：蘇,27）Ifil（be）forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.【答案】hadnotbeen/hadn'tbeen.（2015江蘇,28）ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleIknowntheschedule.【答案】had.（2015天津,13）1wishI（bc）atmysister's