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unit1pastandpresent現在完成時現在完成時(pastperfecttense)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作或狀態,為八大時態之一。它表示句子中描述的動作發生在“過去的過去”,即把時間推移到過去某一時間之前,與現在不發生聯系,由"have/has+p.p"構成。主語+have/has+過去分詞①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞.③一般疑問句:Have/has提前+主語+過去分詞+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答:No,主語+have/hasnot.④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)?1)表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作,也可以說過去的時間關于過去的動作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示,也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。例如:Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點鐘,我們已經收到200張飛船發來的圖片。
(2)表示由過去的某一時刻開始,一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態,常和for,since構成的時間狀語連用。例如:Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當車來的時候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。
Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。(3)敘述過去發生的事情,在已敘述了過去發生的事情后,反過來追述或補述以前發生的動作時,常使用過去完成時。例如:Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動詞一無所知,因為我沒有好好學習功課。
(4)在含有定語從句的主從復合句中,如果敘述的是過去的事,先發生的動作常用過去完成時。例如:IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。
Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。
(5)過去完成時常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時從句中的動作發生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。例如:Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。
IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)狀語從句:在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在前,用過去完成時;發生在后,用一般過去時。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導的例如:WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來時雨已停了。
Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。
注意:如果兩個動作緊接著發生,則常常不用過去完成時,特別是在包含before和after的復合句中,因為這時從句的動作和主句的動作發生的先后順序已經非常明確,這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。例如:AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語水平。
(7)動詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。例如:Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本來打算去幫忙,但沒有及時趕到那里。
Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們本來希望能來看看你。
(8)過去完成時還可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)
time(that)…等固定句型中。例如:Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。
Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear這是他那一年第三次失業了。時間狀語
before,when,after,by,until,once,hadnosooner……than例句
ShesaidshehadneverbeentoParis.她說她從未去過巴黎。
Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship到昨晚九點鐘時,,我們已經收到了來自宇宙飛船的200張照片。
Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame當公共汽車終于到了時,我在車站已經等了20分鐘。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說他已經自1949年以來在那個工廠工作。
Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友
Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動詞一無所知,因為我沒有好好學習功課。
IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。
Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她找到了那把丟掉的鑰匙。
Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說,他很了解她。
IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore我以為前一周我寄了那封信的。
AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到英國后,他努力提高他的英語水平。
WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.當我醒來時,雨已經停了。
Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou我們本來希望能來看你。
Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear這是他那一年第三次被失業。
Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight到昨晚9點鐘,我已經讀完這本小說。由時間狀語來判定一般說來,各種時態都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:(1)by+過去的時間點。如:
Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過去的時間點。如:
WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過去的時間點。如:
TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“過去的過去”來判定過去完成時表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作,即動作有先后關系,動作在前的用過去完成時,在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現在:(1)賓語從句中當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時,且從句的動作先于主句的動作時,從句要用過去完成時。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如:
Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動作發生有先后關系,動作在前的,要用過去完成時,動作在后的要用一般過去時。如:
Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意:before,after引導的時間狀語從句中,由于before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關系,若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時。如:
Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的動詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.一、與現在完成時的區別現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去,以現在的時間為基點,但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響,與現在有關,其結構為“助動詞
have(has)+過去分詞”;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態,以過去時間為基點,它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去,更強調“過去的過去”,只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它。
語態對比比較:Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經學會了1000個英語單詞。
Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時為止我已經學會了1000個英語單詞。
—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起,讓你久等了。
—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒什么,我只等了幾分鐘。(“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在)二、與一般過去時的區別雖然這兩種時態都表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,但在使用時應注意以下幾點:
1.時間狀語不同:過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”;而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。比較:Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.
Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.
2.在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時,謂語動詞動作發生的時間先后須依據上下文來判斷:先發生的用過去完成時,后發生的則用一般過去時。
Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.
3.當兩個或兩個以上接連發生的動作用and或but連接時,按時間順序,只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時;另外,在before,after,assoonas引導的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經表示出時間的先后,因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。
Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.過去完成時表示過去的過去,不單獨使用,一般和一般過去式一起使用。原形過去分詞原形過去分詞visitvisitedshopshoppedmovemovedstopshoppedstudystudiedfinishfinishedstaystayedlearnlearntownownnedtraveltravelled原形過去分詞原形過去分詞thinkthoughtputputcatchcaughtcostcostgivegivenpaypaidmakemadehurthurtwritewrittenwinwinned1.They_________(finish)theirhomework.2.Mrandmrs
li________(notcome)backyet.3.Daniel_______(finish)thehomeworkbefore.4.We________(notsee)thatfilmyet.havefinishedhaven'tcamehasfinishedhaven'tseen填空選擇
1.Heaskedme___duringthesummerholidays.
A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone
2.What___Jane____bythetimehewassever?
A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done
3.I_____900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。
A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt
4.She_____livedherefor______years.
A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof
5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.
AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked
6.Shesaidshe_________theprinciplealready
A.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen
7.Shesaidherfamily______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.
A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he________.
A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversity
B.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity
9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_____theendoflastyear.
A.forB.inC.byD.at
10.He__toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.
Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepiano
C.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.
11.What______Annie____bythetimehewasten?
A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone
12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.
A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork
13.Bytheendoflastweek,they___thebridge.
A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted
14.Benhatesplaying____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.
A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/
15.Bythetimehewas4,he____alotofGermanwords.
A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns
16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.
A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left
17.They_______inGuangzhousince2000.
A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving
18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.
A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived
19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.
A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned句子翻譯當車來的時候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。1.Ihavebeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2.
Hesaidhehasworkedinthatfactorysince1949。3.Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。4.
Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動詞一無所知,因為我沒有好好學習功課。
5.
Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。
6.
Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。
7.
IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。8.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時為止我已經學會了1000個英語單詞.9.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起,讓你久等了。10..沒什么,我只等了幾分鐘.Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehe____(die).
3.They__had_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).
4.Therobbers_had___(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).
5.I__turnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.
6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_made_____(make)aphonecall.
7.Tom____(say)hehadread_______(read)thebooktwice.
8.Ourplan____failed_(fail)becausewe_hadmade______(make)abadmistake.
9.Whenthechairman___finished_____(finish)speaking,he____left____(leave)thehall.
10.TheReadswerehaving(have)lunchwhenI_______(get)totheirhouse.
11.WhenI________(arrive)atthestation,he___hadleft_____(leave).12..We_____(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
13.Iwaiteduntilhe______(finish)hishomework.
14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe___already______(do)
15.She___(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe___hadwent____(go)therebefore.
16.He__hasn'ttold(nottell)youthenewsyet.
17.Hesaidhe_______already_____(give)thebooktotheteacher.
18.I____have____(be)toShanghaibefore.
19.Shetoldmeshe___hadbeen_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.
20.She__was________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______(sing).1.Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.(改否定句)
Ididnothavesoldtheticketwhenshecame.
2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.(改否定句)
Shedidn'thavesungasongtousbeforeshedanced.
3.Theybegantoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.(否定)
Theydidnotbegintoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.
4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.(改一般疑問)
Hadyoubeenveryhungryby10:00am?
5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.(改一般疑問)
HadlucyalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.
6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.(改一般疑問)
Hadth
eplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport?
7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.(對劃線部分提問)
Howwashewhenyousawhim?8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.(對劃線部分提問)
Whatdidhedowhenhehadthenote?
9..Jackdidn’tgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.(對劃線部分提問)
WhydidJacknotgotothecinema?
10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.(對劃線部分提問)
Howlongdidyouhavehadthetoysbeforeyougavethemtothechild?
11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.(對劃線部分提問)
Whathadshewrittenbytheendof1960?
12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.(用過去完成時連接兩句)
Weatethedumplingsafterwehadcookedthem.
13.Jim’sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.(用過去完成時連接兩句)
ThecarhadbrokenbeforeJim'sfathermandedit.
14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用過去完成時連接兩句)
Afterwe___hadhadhourteats________,we___hadalongholiday___________
15.Heshowedusapicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用過去完成時連接兩句)
Beforehe___hadshowedusaroundthehouse_______,he_______showedusapicture___________選擇、填空、完型、閱讀、翻句1.
自從2009年,愛情公寓就開始了。2.
吳老師2008年就結婚了。Theipartmenthasbeenonsince2009.Mrwuhasbeenmarriedsince2008.
iPartment
3.Inthe2009theipartment____beenon.there____manyactors,____Sean.S(孫藝州),evonne.z(趙霽),kim.jin(金世佳)kimi.l(李金銘),Eric.w(王傳君),michael.c(陳赫),loura.l(婁藝瀟)manypeolelove____.Onedaywhentheywascominghere____train,theygaveotherpeople_____moneytoabeggar.Intheend,they____to___ipartment5.ihope__theycan____ipartment5.()1.a.haveb.has
c.had
d.having()2.a.has
b.had
c.having
d.have()3.a.likeb.such
c.suchasd.as()4.a.theyb.their
c.them
d.themselves()5.a.byb.take
c.took
d.taking()6.a.littleb.much
c.lost
d.lot()7.a.hopeb.went
c.thought
d.think()8.a.takingb.take
c.took
d.taken()9.a.tob.at
c.in
d.on()10.a.takingb.take
c.took
d.taken4、ABCRadio
JimGreenisanannouncer(播音員)fortheprogram.Mostofthegirls___1____boysliketheprogram.They___2___likeJimGreen.Someofthemoftenmakephonecallstohimandthankhim___3___hiswork.Therearelotsof___4___tohimeveryday,too.
JimGreengetsupat6:00everymorning.Hehasbreadandaglassofmilk___5___breakfast.Heleaveshomeat6:30and___6___hisofficeat7:15.
Theprogram___7____at7:30.Heplaysthenewrecords(唱片)ofthepopsongsandmodernmusicforhislisteners.At8:00it'stime____8____thenews.
Jimfinishesworkat10:30.Hegoeshome____9____hiscar.He___10___newspaperandlistenstomusicaftersupper.
Hethinkshislifeisveryinteresting.
()1.AandBwithCbutDabout()2.AtooBtoCalsoDso
()3.AtoBforCfoDand()4.AletterBlettersCfriendsDwords
()5.AatBwithCforDto()6.AgoesBgetsCgetstoDgetsup
()7.AbeginsBfinishesCoverDstart()8.AtoBforCofDin
()9.AbyBinConDtakes()10.AlooksBreadsCseesDwatches5、You\'llseeanew_1_atahospitainearLondonifyougothere.Heisveryclever,_2_heneverspeaks.Hecanwork24hoursadayandnevergets_3_.Heisonemetretallandhasaface_4_aTVscreen.HeisDr.Robot.
Doctorsoftenneedtoasktheirpatientsalotofquestions._5_doctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswithsuchpatient.But
Dr.Robot,ahumandoctorcan_8_alotofuesfulinformation(信息)whenhemeetshispatient.
HowcanDr.Robotdothis?Acomputer\"tell\"himwhattodo.Dr.Robotcandoalotofthingspeoplecando,thoughhecan\'tcompletely_9_theplaceof_10_doctors.
()1.A.sickpersonB.nurse
C.chemist
D.doctor()2.A.soB.if
C.but
D.because
()3.A.tiredB.off
C.up
D.woounded()4.A.likeB.on
C.as
D.in
()5.A.KindB.Busy
C.Free
D.Tall()6.A.lateB.impossibleC.necessary
D.interesting
()7.A.WithB.For
C.Behind
D.Under()8.A.spendB.have
C.send
D.speak
()9.A.bringB.give
C.take
D.lead()10.A.robotB.computer
C.women
D.human
6、MikeisanEnglishman.Helivesina__1___buildinginthe__2___London.Thereareeighteenfloorsinthebuildingandhelivesonthefifteenthfloor.He__3___alift(電梯)togoupanddown.Heworksveryhard.He__4___toworkearly.Everydayheleaveshis__5__andwalkstothelift.Hegetsintothelift.It__6___himdowntothefirstfloor.Hegetsoutofthelift.Thenhewalksto__7___busstop.Thebusstopisinfrontofastation.Itisabouttwohundredmetersfrom___8___home.Usually,hecatchesthenumber11bustowork,butsometimeshegoes__9___.Heworksinafactoryaboutten__10___fromhishome.Hisworkstartsathalfpasteight,andfinishesataquartertofive.Hegetsbackhomeathalfpast5.
()1.A.tallB.shotC.smallD.large()2.A.countryB.townC.cityD.village
()3.A.makesB.usesC.doesD.mends()4.A.beginsB.wantsC.runsD.goes
()5.A.homeB.buildingC.officeD.room()6.A.costsB.spendsC.takesD.brings
()7.A.anB.aC.theD./()8.A.hisB.heC.himD.himself
()9.A.byplaneB.bytrainC.onfootD.byair()10.A.metersB.kilometersC.minutesD.hours
7、ADiaryGreatweather!Itwas_1__andhotallday.We__2__toabeautifulbeach.Wehadgreatfun__3__inthewater.Intheafternoon,wewent__4__.Ontheway,Ifoundalittleboy__5__inthecorner.Hewas__6__.Ihelped__7__findhisfather.Thatmademe__8__veryhappy.Ididn’thave__9__money__10__ataxi.SoIwalkedbacktothehotel.
()1.A.windB.cloudC.sunny()2.A.goB.gotC.went
()3.A.playB.playedC.playing()4.A.shopB.shopping
C.shopped
()5.A.criesB.criedC.crying()6.A.loseB.lostC.crying
()7.A.heB.hisC.him()8.A.feelB.feelingC.felt
()9.A.someB.anyC.afew()10.A.withB.onC.for
五、DearDrKnow,
I’mnothappy.Ihavetoo__1_rulesinmyfamily.Ihaveto__2___at6:00everymorning.Ican’t__3__myfriendsafterschool__4__Ihaveto__5__mydogforawalk.Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.AndIhaveto__6_inbedbyteno’clock._7__weekends,Ihavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothes.ThenIhavetohelpmymother__8__dinner.LaterIhavetogototheChildren’sPalace__9__thepiano.Ineverhaveanyfun.__10__canIdo?
()1.A.manyB.muchC.afew()2.A.gotobedB.getupC.gohome
()3.A.watchB.lookC.meet()4.A.soB.thenC.because
()5.A.bringB.takeC.carry()6.A.beB.isC.am
()7.A.InB.OnC.At()8.A.makeB.makingC.do
()9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning()10.A.WhyB.WhatC.How
8、OnChristmasEveafewdaysago,anEnglishcouple,theHardens,gotaveryspecialcall.Itwasonlya20-secondcallbutitwasvery____11____.TheHardens’15-year-olddaughterhasgone___12____sixmonthsbefore.OnChristmasEvesherangthem.“I’mphoningtowishyouahappyChristmas,”shesaid,“Iloveyou.”
RonalsandEdwineHardenwereso______13_____thattheystartedaspecialtelephoneservice(服務)called“AliveandWell”.Theservicehelps______14______togetintouchwithchildrenwhohaverunawayfromhome.
Youngpeoplecanphone“AliveandWell”andleaveamessagefortheirparents.Thetelephoneareansweredbyansweringmachines.So______15_____canspeaktothechildormakehimreturnhome.Parentsofrunawaychildrenwhoare_______16_______eighteencanaskthepolicetobringtheirchildrenhome.Sochildrendonotwanttotelltheirparentswheretheyare.Through“AliveandWell”theycantelephonetheirparentsandtheydonot______17______aboutthisorgivingouttheiraddresses.
TheHardensandtheirhelpers______18______thetelephonemessagesandconnect(聯系)theaddressesgiven.About30,000Britishteenagershavelefthomeandmanyofthemareprobablyin_______19_______.Foronlytwopence(便士)theycangointoatelephonecoinboxandcalltheirparents.Theycandial5675339and______20______aparentworry:Ishedeadoralive?
11.A.interestingB.importantC.difficultD.exciting12.A.awayBoutC.backD.along
13.A.angryB.happyC.sadD.kind14.A.teachersB.peopleC.parentsD.friends
15.A.someoneB.anyoneC.everyoneD.noone16.A.atB.aboveC.overD.under
17.A.thinkB.worryC.talkD.hear18.A.askforB.listentoC.lookupD.writedown
19.A.PairsB.TokyoC.LondonD.NewYork20.A.stopB.makeC.feelD.leave
被動語態TENSE主動語態被動語態一般現在時be+V.\V.sam\is\are+(p.p)一般將來時will\begoingtowillbe+(p.p)現在進行時am\is\are+V.ingam\is\are+being+(p.p)一般過去時①was\were②V.edwas\were+(p.p)現在完成時have\has+V.p.phave\has+been+(p.p)過去完成時had+V.p.phad+been+(p.p)過去進行時was\were+V.ingwas\were+being+(p.p)情態動詞情態動詞+V.情態動詞+be+(p.p)口訣一般現在時、一般過去時用be+及物動詞的.過去分詞,be有人稱、時、數變。完成時態have(has)done,被動將been加中間。一般將來shall(will)do,被動變do為done。將來進行無被動,shall(will)bedoing。現在完成進行時態,have(has)beendone。現、過進行bedoing,被動be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律隨新主語變。否定助后加not,疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞,直陳語序主在前。一般情助加bedone,雙賓多將間賓變。復合賓語賓變主,賓補、主補相應變。三部曲變被動句步驟1、把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語2、把動詞變為被動形式即be+過去分詞,并注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化,而動詞的時態則保持不變。3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(注代詞的賓格),如不需要則可省略。4、其它的成分(定語、狀語)不變。情態動詞的被動語態步驟及重點理解含情態動詞的被動語態的概念含情態動詞的被動語態說明某個被動性動作所反映出的感情和態度。初中階段可用于被動語態的情態動詞有“can、may、must、need、should”等,分別表示“能夠被……”,“可以被……”,“必須被……”,“需要被……“,應該被……”等。掌握含情態動詞的被動語態的不同句式的變換方法含情態動詞的被動語態的疑問句、否定句的變化均借助于情態動詞完成。(一)一般疑問句直接將陳述句被動語態中的情態動詞提前。如:Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?這項工作必須立即完成嗎?Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作業應在六點前完成嗎?(二)特殊疑問句由疑問詞加上一般疑問句被動語態構成。如:Whenmustthisworkbedone?這工作必須在什么時候完成?Wherecanthelostbookbefound?這本失蹤的書能在什么地方被找到?(三)反意疑問句借助情態動詞構成附加疑問部分。如:Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?這座橋明年能建成,是嗎?Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?這本書不應被帶出圖書館,是嗎?(四)否定句在情態動詞后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”時否定式為“needn't”。如:Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.這項工作沒必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.這個垃圾箱不應放在這兒。三、含情態動詞的被動語態的一般疑問句的回答含情態動詞的被動語態的一般疑問句的回答應保留原情態動詞,但“must”表“必須”時,其否定回答應用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”時,其肯定回答應用“must”。如:—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作業應在今天完成嗎?—Yes,theyshould.是的,應在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不應在今天完成。)—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的練習本必須立即上交嗎?—Yes,itmust.是的,必須立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)—Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必須立即手術嗎?—Yes,hemust.是的,他必須。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(即多數的瞬間動詞):appear,die(死亡),disappear(消失),end(vi.結束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較:rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞;raise,seat是及物動詞。(錯)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對)Thepricehasrisen.(錯)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯)Thepricehasraised.(對)Thepricehasbeenraised.(錯)Pleaseseat.(對)Pleasebeseated.帶雙賓語在用于被動結構時,有些動詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下,主動結構中的間接賓語變為主語時,直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面;直接賓語變為主語時,間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即:S+V+IO+DO→IO+bedone+DO→DO+bedone+prep.+IOg.1)Myunclegaveme
agiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgiven
agiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardto[1]playtheguitar.→It
isoftenheardfromhim
toplaytheguitar.
主動語態變被動語態時,主動語態句中的賓語變成被動語態句中的主語,主動語態句中的主語成為被動語態句中的動作的發出者。語態是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式,一般說來,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動詞來表示被動句子例:1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.A.Correctthefollowingsentences.訂正以下的句子1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.1.Youknow,I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.C.Makethebestchoices.1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.(2008江蘇)A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.(2008山東)A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.(2007湖南)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.(2007福建)A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.—Ihavegotaheadache.------Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.(西)A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(2007上海)A.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江蘇)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy,youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted一、單項選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappe
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