Pronoun代詞人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞相互代詞疑問代詞關系代詞不定代詞一.概念二、分類:按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：主格I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

賓格

me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。用來代替上文中提到過的人或物。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。sth…;sb…;both…;all…;no;another,others…ItwasIwhometherin...ItwasherwhoImetin...Itishewhoteaches…Itisuswhoheteaches.

HeteachesusP.E.

1.人稱代詞主格:

I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

賓格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主語時用主格，用作賓語、表語時用賓格。

但在強調句型中,被強調的代詞的主格賓格保持不變。在省略謂語的句子中,用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.I’veknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusan’se-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:Me.

Imetherinthebar.在用than、as表示比較的句子中用主格,賓格都可以

Heistallerthanme/I.Icanrunasfastashe/him.但有時用主格與賓格意義不同，如：1.Heloveshermorethan

I=HeloveshermorethanIloveher.2.Helovesher

morethan

me=Heloveshermorethanhelovesme.3.IlikeBobasmuchas

him.=IlikebothBobandhim.4.IlikeBobasmuchas

he.=IlikeBobandhelikesBob,too.2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時,其次序排列原則:二三一人稱.“我”總是放在最后,在并列主語中,排列順序為:

you,she/heandI,

并列賓格:you,her/himandme,

3)人稱代詞的特殊用法：

we/you在口語中常用來泛指一般人。she,her

通常用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。

You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.Liaskedyou,Tomandmetocleanthewindows.YoulearnEnglishbetterifyoustayinanEnglish-speakingcountry.TheTitanic,thelargestshipatthattimestarted

herfirstjourneyonasunnyday.Chinaismymotherland,Althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow,Istillloveherverymuch.

it的用法:1).代替上文中提到的動物、無生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性別不明顯的嬰兒3)指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只聞其聲未見其人的,非活生生的具體真人。4)指代天氣、時間、距離

A:Who’sthemanbesideyouinthephoto?B:It’smycousinHenry.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Whocanitbe?B:Ibetit’sMike.Iwarnedhimnottosmoke,butitdidn’thelp.Lookatthebaby,it’ssocute/lovely.ItisWednesdaytoday.Itneverrainsbutitpours!Itistenminutes’walkfrommyhousetothepark.ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai.5)用于強調句6)在一些慣用結構中作形式主語或形式賓語ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskind/niceofyoutohelpmewithmymath.Ifind/thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday.Itisourdutytostudyhard.It’sapleasureformetoplaytheguitarforyouall.Itisapitythatyoumissedthefootballmatch.ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItwasreportedthatarobberyhappenedhere.Itseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess.Itdoesn’tmatterwhattheywillsay.Itis/was+被強調部分+that(強調人可用who)+剩余部分

HeteachesusP.E.Itishewhoteaches…/Itisus…

makeit（口語）獲得成功;

takeiteasy從容，不著急letitgo不去理會,隨它去（不屑或懶得多說或做什么）

this/thatisit

這/那正是我(們)所需要的;這/那正是失敗的原因所在；這/那正是最后的結果了。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.Ittakesmetenminutestogotoschoolonfoot.Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000.Westillhavehalfanhour,Takeiteasy!Idon’tagreewithhim,butlwillitgoatthat.Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme,butIletitgo.I’vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit.I’mafraidthat’sit,wehavelostthematch!2.物主代詞形容詞性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

名詞性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

adj

物主代詞屬于限定詞,后面必須有n,只能作定語。

n性物主代詞在用法上相當于“adj

詞性物主代詞+n”既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用，

Thisisn’therpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主語Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.賓語Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介詞賓語:雙重屬格為：a/an,this,that…+n+of+n性物主代詞

afriendofmine.eachbrotherofhis.形容詞own常用在形容詞性物主代詞后面加強語氣

one’sown+名詞=.名詞ofone’sown

Ihavemyowncar/friends=Ihaveacar/friendsofmyown.Isawit

withmyowneyes!含有物主代詞的詞組

onone’sown=byoneself獨立地，獨自地try/doone’sbesttodosth竭盡全力做某事loseone’sway/temper/life.迷路/發脾氣/喪命loseone’shearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith…鐘情于inone’sforties/fifties在某人40/50來歲的時候doone’shomework做作業；inone’sopinion依某人看beone’sownmaster/mistress獨立自主keep/loseone’sbalance(

因保持/失去平衡而)穩住/倒下Keep/loseone’shead保持鎮定/昏頭，沖動Keep/breakone’spromise信守/違背諾言keep/breakone’sword守信/失信,食言

eatone’swords承認自己說錯話onone’swaytospinone’sfree/sparetime在某人的閑暇時光holdone’sbreath屏息;loseone’sbreath氣喘吁吁toone’ssurprise/disappointment令某人驚訝/失望的是1).作動詞的賓語Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimelastnight.

Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.

2).作介詞的賓語She’sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.I’mconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.3).作表語:I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.What’swrongwithyou?Youdon’tlookyourselftoday.

4).作同位語，起強調作用

Thebookitselfisgood,butitisn’tsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代詞myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自學…buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself為自己買…calloneselfawriter/JayChou自稱作家/周杰論introduceoneself自我介紹；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神貫注于;獻身于behaveoneself舉止規范;expressoneself表達思想hurtoneself弄傷自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome…隨便吃/喝點….makeoneselfathome,放松；別拘束makeoneselfunderstood讓別人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考慮自己多于別人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一樣健康byoneself=onone’sown獨自地;獨立地一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組

指示代詞的句法功能:作主語、賓語、介詞賓語:4.指示代詞:指示代詞的特殊指代功能：

1.介紹別人時要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this

常指下文中要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；

that

則指上文中提到過的人/事物有承上的作用。this,these

一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that,those

常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。Iwanttotellyouthis:Thepartywillbeputoff.Hehurthislegyesterday.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.1ThisisthebestwaytodolearnEnglish.

2Ilikethisbetterthanthat.3Idon‘twanttotalkaboutthat.4.若用于指代與前面提及的同類事物,若該n的修飾語在

后,則多用that(單數n和不可數n),

those(復數n);ThetrafficonHuminRoadisheavierthanthatonGuilinR.TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinShanghai.Thebook

onthedeskisasnewastheone/thatontheshelf.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.

3.打電話時“你”“我”不用“you”“I”

而要用that,

this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.5.that和those可作定語從句的先行詞,

those常用來指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell.Thosewhoalwaysworkhardaresuretosucceed.

指示代詞還可作限定詞:ThatboyisBob.Thesetreesareours.

this

morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/

Wednesday/autumn/year/term

thistime,thisway5.相互代詞eachother,oneanothereachother指兩個人/物之間,oneanother指多個之間,但

eachother

常用來代替oneanother相互代詞只能作動詞和介詞的賓語

相互代詞可加-'s構成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Treescancommunicatewitheachother.AnnandJaneoftensharesnackswitheachotherAlthoughthey’vetalkedforfivehours,theydon’tknoweachother'snames.

6.疑問代詞:指人:who,whom,whose;指物:

what;指人/物:which疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語,位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。who問姓名/關系,what

問職業等2)whom是who的賓格,作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口

語中可用who代替,

但在介詞后只能用whom,例如：

Who(m)didyoumeetonthestreet?（作動詞賓語）

Who(m)willyougivethebookto?（介賓,置句首）Towhomdidyouspeakjustnow?

3)which指一定范圍內,而what,who則無范圍限制

Whichdoyoulikebest?What/Whodoyoulikebest?4)what,which,whose

還可作限定詞。

Whatbooksdoyoulikereading?Whichbooksareyours?Whosebookisthis?就劃線部分提問1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Theman

haslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohn

acardyesterday.

6.ItisAugust1st.7.ItisTuesday.8.Itisfoggytoday.

Whoisanartist?

Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?

Whatisyours?

Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?

Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?Whereisyourcar

WhogaveJohnacaryesterday?

WhomdidSallygiveacard

toyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?

Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?9.Thereareabout1,800,000peopleinShanghai?10.Thetrousersare489dollars.11.Kennyistallandstrong,cleverandfriendlyandgoodatsportsandplayingtheguitar.12.YaoMingis226centimetres.13.Heweighs75kilos14.Myhandbagiswhite.HowmanypeoplearethereinShanghai?WhatisthepopulationofShanghai?WhatdoesKennylooklike?HowisKenny?WhatdoyouthinkofKenny?=HowdoyoulikeKenny?WhatisKennylike?HowtallisYaoMing?What’sYaoMing’sheight?

Howmuchdoesheweigh?Howheavyishe?What’shisweight?

Howmucharethetrousers?Whatisthepriceofthetrousers?Whatcolorisyourhandbag?*7.關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞，包括

who,whom,which,whose,that,as.用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物;as指代整個一句話1.who,which和that用作主語,

Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作賓語,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.

Isthisthebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定語,如：

Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.4.as用作主語/賓語Asweallknow=asisknowntousall,theearthisround.主要有：由some,any,no和every構成合成代詞，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone,

還有all,none

any,

each,everyone,both,either,neither,one,ones,afew,few,many,alittle,little,much,another,theother,others,theothers,some,any,no等。8、不定代詞1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質，并有可數和不可數之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語）

2)

somebody=someone,某人anybody=anyone,任何人nobody=noone,沒有人everybody=everyone每個人

everyoneof=eachoneof某些人/物中的每一個

noneof(+復數/不可數n)

某些人/物中沒有一個

nothingbutsth=onlysth,nobodybut=onlysb只有某人Oneshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhis/herappearanceorwhathe/shewears.

Thereisnothing=notanythingintheroom.Youcanaskmeforanythingifyouneed.Everythingisready,isn’t?Thereisnothingbutachairintheroom.NobodybutWendyknowsthesecret.Somebodyiscallingyoudownstairs.Nobodyenteredtheteachers’office,dothey?Anybodywillhelpyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Howmanypearsarethereonthetree?—None.Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?—None.Noneofthestudentssolvedthemathproblem,didthey?3).one,ones,

若被指代的n的修飾語在后面，則代詞多用that(單數n)和

those(復數n);若此名詞為不可數名詞,則只能用that.Theairinthecountryisfresherthanthatinthecity.Thelightoutsideisbrighterthanthatintheroom.Yourdressisbetterthanthat/theoneintheshop.Hershoesaresimilartotheones/thoseIhadyesterday.

Thewindowsofmyroomareasbigastheones/thoseofhis.

指代與上文中提到的n同類中的一個/一些,單數為one,復數為ones.one(s)可帶形容詞修飾語或限定詞:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定語從句.Thebushasgone,youhavetowaitforthenextone.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?

Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.YourMp3isnice,Iwillbuyoneatweekends.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?1.Kelly’srighteyeisgreen,its_________eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave________cake?

3.Doyoumindshowingmesome____pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis____________?5.Weneed_______fivedaystofinishthework.6.There’remanypeopleinthepark,someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand____aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,____________________arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother4.another(+單數/數字+復數),又一個/幾個(泛指)theother兩者中的另一個(前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含2的n)others(=other+復數),其他的;別的,(泛指),多與some

搭配theothers(=oth