Unit2賓語從句專項講解

We

know

him．

We

know

helikesEnglish.主s主s謂v謂v賓o賓o賓語從句就是由一個句子來構成主句的賓語

主s謂v賓o簡單句復合句

一什么是賓語從句？試比較賓語從句的概念

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。

WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、賓語從句三要素：連接詞時態語序不同連接詞引導的賓語從句1.由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句3.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,which，

what和連接副詞where,how,why,when引導的賓語從句2.由從屬連詞whether,if引導的賓語從句賓語從句連接詞:1.陳述句2.一般疑問句3.特殊疑問句thatif/whether原有的連接代詞和連接副詞1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由that引導的賓語從句注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充當成分，在口語當中往往省略。aroundthesunObjectclauseswiththatWe’llhaveexamsnextFriday.UsingsayIcanhelphim.Theteachersays(that)we’llhaveexamsnextFriday.Thegirlsays(that)shecanhelphim.1.Aprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.(Ibelieve…)Ibelieve(that)Aprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.

2.Itwasalittlecrowded.(Iguess…)

Iguess(that)itwasalittlecrowded.3.Theraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.(Billthinks…)Billthinks(that)theraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.4.TheWaterFestivalisreallyfun.(Iknow…)

Iknow(that)theWaterFestivalisreallyfun.5.MissLiuwillgotothebeachtomorrow.(Ihear…)Ihear(that)MissLiuwillgotothebeachtomorrow.6.Thefoodwasdelicious.(Hesays…)

Hesays（that)thefoodwasdelicious.連詞that不能省略的幾種情況在由that引導的賓語從句中，由于連詞that只起引導功能，無具體意義，不擔當任何成份，因此在口語或非正式的文體中常可省略。然而，大凡規則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導的賓語從句中，that則不能省略。1.從句的主語是that。如：

Hesaysthatthatisarealking’shat.

他說那是一個真的王冠。2.that從句中含有主從復合句。如：

I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.3.主、從句之間有插入語時。如：

Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.

卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。4.若出現兩個或兩上以上的由that引導的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。如：

Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.

她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。TheseplanetwillproducefoodandoxygenthatweneedtoliveonMars.ScientistswilldevelopplantsthatcangrowonMars.PeoplethinkthathumansonMarshavetowearspecialbootstomakethemselvesheavier.WeallknowthatMarsisaplanetinthesolarsystem.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeonlyaveryshorttimeinspaceshuttlesthattravelathalfthespeedoflight.SomescientistsdonotbelievethatthejourneytoMarswillbeverycomfortable.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectclause?√√√IsJimin?Hasshetakenanymedicine?UsingwonderLiLeiwondersifJimisin.Thedoctorwondersifshehastakensomemedicine.疑問句變賓語從句的步驟：1、把句子變為肯定句IsJimathome?

Jimisathome.

2.IsJuneagoodtimetovisitHongKong?JuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.

3.Doeshelikesports?Helikessports.

4.Willtheyplaybasketballafterschool?Theywillplaybasketballafterschool.變化方法：主句+if/whether+一般疑問句。if/whether引導賓語從句，表示“是否”之義，在句中不充當句子成份，if/whether可互換。2.在句子前加上從屬連詞whether,if該一般疑問句要變為陳述句形式。把下列各句變為賓語從句IsJimathome?(Iwonder…)

Iwonderwhether/ifJimisathome.

2.IsJuneagoodtimetovisitHongKong?(Hewonders…)

Hewonderswhether/ifJuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.

把下列各句變為賓語從句

3.Doeshelikesports?(Doyouknow…)Doyouknowwhetherhelikessports?

4.Willtheyplaybasketballafterschool?(Heasks…)Heaskswhethertheywillplaybasketballafterschool.Ⅰ.if和whether引導賓語從句時，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區別，可以換用。但if常用于口語中，whether比較正式。如：

Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.

米莉問他是否喜歡這件羊毛衫。

Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.

漁民想知道天是否會下雨。Objectclauseswithifandwhether由if/whether引導的賓語從句Ⅱ.if和whether引導賓語從句時，要注意賓語從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時態。由于if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語序改為陳述句語序。如：

DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?其次要注意時態變化：

1.若主句是一般現在時，從句用任何所需時態。如：

Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.

他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。2.若主句是一般過去時，從句則用跟過去相關的時態。即一般現在時變為一般過去時、現在進行時變為過去進行時、一般將來時為過去將來時、現在完成時態變為過去完成時。如：

Didthetrainleave?Shedidn’tknow.→Shedidn’tknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.Ⅲ.if和whether的區別二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：1.賓語從句置于句首表示強調時，應用whether，不用if。如：

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.

這是否對，我不能說。2.賓語從句與ornot直接連用時，應用whether，不能用if。如：

Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否來。3.與動詞不定式連用時，只能用whether。如：

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.

她不能決定是否去美國。4.從句作介詞賓語時，只能用whether。如：

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

我擔心是否傷了她的感情。5.賓語從句的謂語動詞是否定形式時，只能用if，不能用whether。如：

Tomwantstoknowifhewon’tcomeheretomorrow.

湯姆想知道他明天是否不來這兒。6.if意為“假如，如果”時，可以引導條件狀語從句，而whether沒有這個用法。如：

IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.

假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。1.Idon'tknowifMr.Wang____onafieldtrip.Ifhe___onafieldtriptomorrow,pleasecallme.A.goes;willgoB.willgo;goesC.willgo;willgoD.goes;goes2.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisitBB3.Theywonderediftheteacher______usEnglishthenextterm.A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taughtAChoosetherightanswers.5.Ihaven’tdecide____I’llgooutorstayathome.A.ifB.whenC.whyD.whether6.Iwanttoknow______helovesyou.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whoDC4.Theboyasked______anynoisefromoutside.A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheardC.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheardBAC

7.Iwondered____ourteacherwasgoingtoattendourparty.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.that8.I’dliketoknow_____ornot.A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.ifhewillcome改為含賓語從句的復合句1.Willthetrainarriveontime?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_______thetrain______ontime.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.willarriveif/whether

cameif/whether

Completethesentences.1.我們不知道我們能否在火星上種植植物。

Wearewondering__________________________________onMars.2.你能告訴我是不是有許多人打算搬到火星上去嗎？

Couldyoutellme_____________________

__________________toMars?whether/ifwecanif/whethermanypeoplearegoingtomovegrowplants3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。

Idon'tknow_________________________anywashingathome.4.我擔心是否傷害了她的感情。

Iamworriedabout__________________

_________.whetherornothedoeswhetherIhurtherfeelings1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.if/whetherwhether3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?whetherIf5.________theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.

WhetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.賓語從句語序：陳述句語序主句+連接詞

+主語+謂語+其他成分.把下列賓語從句變為否定句。Ithinkthattheyarefuntowatch.

Idon’tthinkthattheyarefuntowatch.2.IbelieveAprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.

Idon’tbelieveAprilisthehottestmonthoftheyear.

三、賓語從句的句型變化賓語從句的句型變化一般體現在主句的變化上。PleasetellmehowIcangothere.CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangothere?Don’ttellmehowIcangothere.四、賓語從句的否定轉移：如果主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等，而且主句的主語又是第一人稱時，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的動詞，而從句用肯定形式．即：主語為第一人稱，否定在主句，翻譯在從句。

Translatethefollowingsentences.1.我認為不會下雨．

I____________thatit____________.2.我認為你的答案不對.I_____________youranswer＿＿right.３.我們相信他還沒走.We_____________thathe____________.

don’tthink

willraindon’tthinkisdon’tbelieve

hasgonePractice:根據漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子1.我認為瑪麗不回來了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.2.山姆給我說他準備去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.willcome

was

leavingif/whether

()1.—Iwonder___________.—I'mafraidwe'llbelate.(2011山東青島)A.howwecanbeontimeB.whatwearegoingtodoC.whywegettoschoollate D.ifwewillarriveatthemeetingontime中考鏈接D()2.We’llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknow_____Tomwillcomeandjoinus.(2011天津)A.ifB.whichC.whatD.whereA()3.—Doyouknow_______tomorrow?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.(2011湖南湘潭)A.whetherwillitrain

B.ifitwillrain

C.whetherdoesitrainB()4.—Mum,canwegototheartmuseumtomorrow?—Sure.Butfirstweshouldfindout________.(2011廣西南寧市)A.whatcanwedoB.wherewecangoC.howcanwegothereD.ifitwillbeopenD()5.Wedon’tknow_______themeetingwillbeheldsoon.(2011內蒙古包頭)A.when B.what

C.whether D.sinceC()5.—Mary,couldyoutellmeifyourmother____ourschoolsportsmeetingtomorrow?

—Ithinkshewillcometoschoolifshe_____free.(2011山東濱州)

A.willtakepartin;willbeB.takespartin;isC.willtakepartin;isD.takespartin;willbeC()6.Doyouknow______Guangzhoutomorrow?(2011肇慶)A.whethertheyleavefor

B.whetherwilltheyleaveforC.whethertheyareleavingforC()7.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering________youcouldgowithme.(2011江西省)A.ifB.whenC.thatD.whereA()8.—Doyouthink_____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.(2011廣西百色)A.thatB.which

C.ifD.whetherD()9.Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.(2011山東棗莊)A.hastravelled B.went

C.travels D.travelledC()10.OvertheseyearsIhavehadanewunderstandingof____peopletraditionallycallaperfectperson.(2012江蘇淮安)A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()11.Canyoutellme

inthefuture?(2012江蘇宿遷)A.howlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeC.whatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelikeC()12.—Doyouknow_____?—AttheendofJuly.(2012江蘇連云港)A.howsoonisyoursisterrunningbackhomeB.howoftenNancyfromherpenfriendC.whentheLondonOlympicGamesw