民航概論分析工具TypesofImperfectlyCompetitiveMarketsMonopolisticCompetition壟斷競爭

Manyfirmssellingproductsthataresimilarbutnotidentical.Marketsthathavesomefeaturesofcompetitionandsomefeaturesofmonopoly.Oligopoly寡頭壟斷Onlyafewsellers,eachofferingasimilaroridenticalproducttotheothers.MONOPOLISTICCOMPETITIONFourQuestions有關科學理論的四個問題Whatarethenecessaryinterrelatedconstructs?Howaretheconstructsrelated?Whyaretheconstructsrelatedinthewaysasspecified?Who,whereandwhenwilltheconstructsberelatedinsuchways?

EconomiesandDiseconomiesofScaleEconomiesofscaleoccurwhenlong-runaveragetotalcostdeclinesasoutputincreases.ScopeEconomiesLowingaveragetotalcostinproducingtwoormoreproducts.NetworkEconomiesAhubisatermusedtorefertoanairportthatairlinesusefrequentlyforconnectingpassengers,andcargo.Cargoandtravellersmovingbetweenairportsnotservedbydirectflightsuseahubtochangeplanestogettotheirdestination.

Source:/advice/plane-speaking/aviation-glossaryPriceDiscriminationPricediscriminationcanexistwhenthreeconditionsaremet:consumersdifferintheirdemandsforagivengoodorservice,afirmhasmarketpower,andthefirmcan preventorlimitarbitrage.PriceDiscriminationAirlineindustryisidealforpricediscrimination:Thesellerhassomecontrolontheprice,buyershavedifferentpriceelasticitiesofdemand,andresaleoftheticketbythebuyerisnotpossible.S-C-Pstructure:numberofbuyersandsellers,barrierstoentryofnewfirms,productdifferentiation,verticalintegration,diversification

conduct:advertising,researchanddevelopment,pricingbehavior,plantinvestment,legaltactics,productchoice,collusion,mergerandcontractsperformance:price,productionefficiency,allocativeefficiency,equity,productquality,technicalprogress,profitsTheFourBuildingBlocksofOrganizationalDNA

商業模式由四個密切相關的要素構成：

客戶價值主張，贏利模式，關鍵資源，關鍵流程。商業模式由四個密切相關的要素客戶價值主張是指你能為客戶帶來什么不能替代的價值,贏利模式是指你如何從為客戶創造價值的過程中獲得利潤,關鍵資源是指企業內部如何匯聚資源來為客戶提供價值,關鍵流程則是指企業內部制度和文化以實現其客戶價值?？蛻魞r值主張和盈利模式分別明確了客戶價值和公司價值,關鍵資源和關鍵流程則描述了如何實現客戶價值和公司價值。

Thus,asshowninFigure1.1,managingcanbeseentotakeplacewithinatrianglewhenart,craft,andtheuseofsciencemeet.Artbringsintheideasandtheintegration;craftmakestheconnections,buildingontangibleexperiences;scienceprovidestheorder,throughsystematicanalysisofknowledge.Put

togetheragooddealofcraftwiththerighttouchofartalongsidesomeuseofscience,andyouendupwithajobthatisaboveallapract