Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures人教版本必修三

不定式作定語和狀語

一.不定式作后置定語:1）抽象名詞后：way,ability,chance,opportunity,wish,reason,courage...Hehastheabilitytodealwiththematter.2）不定代詞后：something,nothing,anything...Thereissomething

totalkabout.(不定式與所修飾的詞是同位關系)（不定式與所修飾的詞是動賓關系）

不定式作定語和狀語

3)被修飾的名詞前有theonly,thevery,thelast,thenext,thefirst,thebest,以及有序數詞，形容詞最高級時，用不定式作后置定語Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.4）當定語表示的是將來要做的事情時，用不定式作后置定語Thestadium

(build)nextyearwillbethelargestoneinourcity.

tobebuilt(不定式與所修飾的詞是同位關系)（不定式與所修飾的詞是動賓關系）（不定式與所修飾的詞是主謂關系）

注意：不定式作后置定語時，與它所修飾的詞有三種關系:1）不定式與所修飾的詞是主謂關系.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirst(person)tocomeandthelasttoleave.2）不定式與所修飾的詞是動賓關系.Wehavesomething

todiscuss.Therestillremainalotofproblems

tosolve.（thepersonknowsthetruth.主謂關系）（discusssomething.動賓關系）（solveproblems.動賓關系）（thepersoncomesandleaves.主謂關系）

注意：如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加相應的介詞。Thelittlehasatoytoplay

.Hehasahouse

tolive

.3)不定式與所修飾的詞是同位關系,解釋說明所修飾詞的內容，常見的這類詞有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition...Imustkeep

thepromisetopaywithinamonth.

Hehas

anambitiontobecomeaworldchampion.inwithplaywithsb/sthliveinthehouse(promise與paywithinamonth是同位關系)(ambition與becomeaworldchampion是同位關系)1）Mysisterwasthefirstperson

（think）oftheidea.2）LangPingisthefirstpersoninthevolleyball

（win）anOlympicgoldmedalasaplayerandacoach.3）Couldyoucomeupwithabetterway

（solve）thedifficultproblem?4）TheGermangirlhastheability

（learn）Chinesewell.5）Maryhadgreatdetermination___________（achieve）hergoal.6）Ihavesomethingimportant

（tell）you.7）Iwanttogetsomething

（read）inthecomingsummerholidays.8）Mymotherhadlotsofthings

（deal）with.tothink

towin

tosolve

tolearn

toachieve

totell

toread

todeal

二,不定式的主動形式表被動意義1.用于

be+性質adj.+todo結構中，這一結構中用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。用于此結構的形容詞有：easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等；且不定式和句子的主語是動賓關系Thesongishard

（sing）.Thequestioniseasy

（understand）.Ourmonitoriseasy

（get）alongwith.Theproblemisverydifficult

（solve）.

不定式的動詞是不及物動詞時要加相應的介詞。Thechair

iscomfortabletosit

.toget

tosolve

tounderstandtosing

on(sing

thesong)(siton

thechair)(understandthequestion)(getalongwiththeourmonitor)(solvetheproblem)1）Theairinthemorningispleasant

（breathe）.2）Thebookisveryinteresting

（read）.3）Forthosewholikeanimals，thosedogsarehard

（resistv.抗拒）.4）Scientificinformationcanbedifficult_______________（understand）.tobreathe

toread

toresist

tounderstand

2.不定式作后置定語，與被修飾詞是動賓關系，且不定式和句子的主語是主謂關系，則不定式用主動表被動。Ihaveameeting

（attend）.

Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）.Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）bymymother.*不定式todo作定語，如果句子主語是人，并且是todo動作的發出者，用主動形式。并且不定式是不及物動詞時，要加相應的介詞Couldyoubringmeachair

tosit

.Heonlyhasasmallroom

tolive

.Heisapleasantperson

towork

.（自己洗）（媽媽洗）1）toattendthemeeting動賓關系2）Iattend主謂關系toattendto

washtobewashedwithinworkwiththepersonliveintheroomonsitonthechair

二，不定式作目的狀語

不定式作目的狀語，既可位于句首，也可位于句中。1）

（find）outmoreinformationaboutthecourse，pleasevisitthewebsite.2）Wewilldowhateverwecan

（help）thevictimsoftheearthquake.不定式作目的狀語常用inordertodo或soastodo，表示強調，以

使“目的”更加明確。soasto一般不放在句首，否定形式是soasnotto。inorderto可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是inordernotto。

Wewillstartearly

(arrive)intime.Tofind

tohelp

inordertoarrivesoastoarrive

三,不定式作結果狀語

（1）動詞不定式作結果狀語時，常與only連用，強調意料之外的結果。Hehurriedtotheschool,only

(find)nobodythere.shehurriedtothestationonly

(tell)thatthetrainhadgone.

（2）動詞不定式作結果狀語時,還用于固定搭配中：①too+adj./adv.+todosth.Sheistootiredtojoinusintheclibming.tofind

tobetold

三,不定式作結果狀語

注意：too..to結構常表示“太。。而不能”，但當too后跟表示情感的形容詞，如ready，pleased，happy等時，too...to這一結構不含否定意義，而表肯定，意為“太……”。Wearetoopleased

（work）togetherwithyou.Heistooready

（help）thehomeless.towork

tohelp

②

adj./adv,+enough+todosth.足夠。。做某事，此結構中，不定式表結果Wefoundthestadiumbigenough

（hold）somanypeople.

Isthatroombigenough

(seat)allofus?③

enough+n.+todosth.Ihopethereareenoughbooksforeachstudent

（have）one.haveyougotenoughroom

(seat)allofus?

Wecametothelibraryafterschool，only

（tell）thatitwasbeingdecorated.

Theanimalsbeforetheearthquakeweretoonervous

（eat）.

Shewastooyoung___________（understand）allthat.

tohold

tohave

tobetold

toeat

tounderstand

toseattoseat要點三不定式作原因狀語：（在表示心理活動的adj后,如ashamed，surprised，frightened，shocked，delighted，disappointed等）Youmaybesurprised