Book2Unit3

Part2DiscoveringtheusefulstructureReadingforwritingReviewthePart1Translatethefollowingphrases.(P28大課文)countlessarticleswaitinlinecarrycashthemostupdatedinformationlargedatabasesdownloadsoftwareonlinecommunitiessocialnetworks

countlessarticles數不盡的文章waitinline排隊carrycash帶現金（bycash用現金）themostupdatedinformation最新的信息largedatabases大數據庫downloadsoftware下載軟件onlinecommunities在線社區socialnetworks社交網絡developaseriousillnessquitone’sjobkeepsbcompanyafterawhileexploretheworldremovethedistanceoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetdevelopaseriousillness患一場重病quitone’sjob辭職，離開某人的崗位keepsbcompany陪伴某人afterawhile一段時間后exploretheworld探索世界removethedistance消除距離oneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternet互聯網的最大好處之一

beinspiredbystartanITcluborganiseeventscollect/raisemoneypayforapplyfornowthattakecareofsb

beinspiredby受到...的啟發startanITclub成立一個IT俱樂部organiseevents組織活動/賽事collect/raisemoney籌錢payfor支付（聘請）applyfor申請nowthat=since既然，由于，引導原因狀語從句Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youcantakecareofyourself.takecareofsb照顧某人takeonlineclassesitishighlyimportanttodobridgethedigitaldividemakesurethat+句子haveaccesstoacharitywebsite26.takeonlineclasses參加線上課程27.itishighlyimportanttodo做某事是非常重要的28.bridgethedigitaldivide消除數字鴻溝bridgethegapbetweenyouandyourparentsbridgen.→v.橋→搭建橋梁29.makesurethat+句子確保...30.haveaccessto擁有...的權利31.acharitywebsite一個慈善網站Everystudenthasaccesstothelibrary.每個學生都有權使用圖書館。begreatlyimprovedbygothroughtoughtimesinspiresbtodo32.begreatlyimprovedby被...極大地改善33.gothroughtoughtimes經歷困境34.inspiresbtodo鼓舞/激勵某人做某事

語法——現在完成時被動語態

[合作探究]試譯下面大課文中的句子，體會用法TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowtheInternethasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient.有無數的文章告訴我們互聯網如何使我們的生活更方便了。MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.關于萬維網的奇跡已經寫了很多。

語法——現在完成時被動語態

present(now)futurepast

PresentPerfectTense

現在完成時主語+have/has+過去分詞（pp）助動詞,無意義

現在完成時的結構Winter

has

already

come，willitstillbefarinspring?主語+have/has+過去分詞（pp）否定形式haven’t(havenot）+過去分詞

hasn’t(hasnot)+過去分詞疑問句把助動詞have/has放在句首

現在完成時的結構注：主語若是第三人稱單數助動詞用has1)表示到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成的動作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.

現在完成時的用法2)表示過去發生的動作,強調結果或對現在的影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現在沒有鑰匙)3)表示從過去開始并持續到現在的動作或狀態，常與包括現在在內的一段時間的狀語連用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince5yearsago.現在完成時的被動語態表示動作發生在過去,到現在已經完成或對現在仍有影響?，F在完成時的被動語態Thestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has+been+v-ed現在完成時的被動語態同它的主動語態一樣，強調過去的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示“……已經被……”。

Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.

新學校已經建成了。2.現在完成時被動語態的肯定式為：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.這個實驗做得很成功?，F在完成時被動語態的否定式為：have/has+not+been+doneTom’snovelhasnotbeenpublished.湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。現在完成時被動語態的一般疑問句需將have/has提到主語的前面。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行車修好了嗎？現在完成時被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+have/has+been+doneWho

hasbeeninvited?誰受到了邀請？注意:

副詞的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有動詞都有被動語態

happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態。如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.3.短語動詞不可分割也不可省略其中的介詞或副詞。Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Myfriendhasboughtanewpersonalcomputer.Theshophasrepairedmycomputer.Wehavenotsolvedtheproblemyet.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Myfriendhasboughtanewpersonalcomputer.Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenbought(bymyfriend).Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Myfriendhasboughtanewpersonalcomputer.Theshophasrepairedmycomputer.Wehavenotsolvedtheproblemyet.Checkyouranswers!Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbymyfriend.Mycomputerhasbeenrepairedbytheshopveryquickly.Theproblemhasnotbeensolvedbyusyet.1.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement________________(reach)

so

far

bythe

two

sides.reachanagreement達成協議

2.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_______________(make).Quiz1:Fillintheblanksaccordingtothegiveninformation.has

been

reachedhavebeenmade3.Shakespeare’s

play

Hamlet

_____________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.

4.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________________(produce)allovertheworld.havebeenproducedhavebeenmade現在完成時時間狀語總結sofar=uptonow到目前為止inthelast/pastfewyearsoverthelast/pastfewyearssince....forfiveyearsQuiz2:

PuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Youcanseethehouse__________________(未粉刷)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_____________(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?3.—WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?

—She_________________(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.hasnotbeenpaintedhavebeensenthasbeenlaughedat高考鏈接:

1.---Howlong_____atthisjob?---Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed

2.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted

ReadingforwritingTodayIthoughtI’dblogaboutaquestion

thathasbeenaskedmanytimes—howdoyou

staysafeonlineandavoidbadexperiencesontheInternet?I’mnotanexpert,butmanyyearsasabloggerhavetaughtmeathingortwo.在課本上找到紅色部分，并標出（1min）。今天，我想寫篇博客談談一個多次被問到的問題——如何確保安全上網，避免在互聯網上遇到不愉快呢？我不是專家，但多年作為博主的經驗教會了我一些東西1.IthoughtI’dblogaboutaquestion

thathasbeenaskedmanytimes指出先行詞、關系詞、定語從句翻譯：我想寫篇博客談談一個多次被問到的問題2.staysafe保持安全3.avoidbadexperiences避免不愉快4.expertn.專家a.熟練的

beexpertin在某方面熟練Heisexpertingardening.Firstofall,there’sthegoldenruleoftheInternet:Ifyouseeorreadsomething

thatmakesyoufeeluncomfortable,leavethesiteimmediately.Don’tpostcomments

orclickonanything.Second,protectyourprivacy.Don’tgiveoutyouraddressorphonenumber.Someonemightusetheinformationtostealyouridentity.

Identitytheft（身份盜竊）isacommonandseriousproblem.首先，互聯網的黃金法則是：如果你看到或讀到一些讓你反感的內容，立即退出這個網站。不要發表評論，也不要點擊任何東西。其次，保護你的隱私。不要透露你的地址或電話號碼。有人可能會利用這些信息來竊取你的身份。身份盜竊是一個普遍而嚴重的問題。5.firstofall首先6.thegoldenrule黃金法則7.Ifyouseeorreadsomething

thatmakesyoufeeluncomfortable,leavethesiteimmediately.當定語從句的先行詞為不定代詞時，只用that,不用which翻譯：如果你看到或讀到一些讓你反感的內容，立即退出這個網站Q:你還記得其他哪些只用that，不用which的情況？①先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時Thisisthemostbeautifulmountain

thatIhaveseen.②先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時只能用that。Thefirst

EnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我讀的第一本英文小說是《39級臺階》。③先行詞前有theonly,thevery,thelast，few,little,no,all等修飾詞時只能用that。Thisistheonlybook

thatIlike.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。④先行詞同時含有“人”和“物”的名詞時，只能用that。Icanrememberthepeopleandsomepictures

thatIsawintheroom.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。postcomments發表評論protectone’s

privacy保護某人的隱私privatea.私人的aprivateconversation一場私人談話giveout泄露stealone'sidentity盜竊某人的身份

IdentityCard身份證Third,bepolite(祈使句).Beingonlineisnoexcuseforbeingrude,andyoudon’twanttobecomeatargetforatroll網絡挑事者orcyberbully網絡惡霸.Atrollisaperson

whopostscommentsorquestionsinorderto

stiruptroubleonline.Trollsoftenuseseveralfalsenamessothattheycanstayonasite.AcyberbullyusestheInternettobemeantoothers.Likeatroll,acyberbullywillalsowritesomethingmeanbutitisusuallydirectedat

particularpeople.Heorshemayalsopostembarrassingphotosandinformationaboutthosepeople.However,themore

politeyouare,theless

likelyitisyouwillbeattacked.Beingonlineisnoexcuseforbeingrude.動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數翻譯：上網并非行為粗魯的借口翻譯：早晨喝牛奶對我們的健康有好處。Drinkingmilkinthemorningisbeneficialtoourhealth.becomeatargetfor成為...的目標Atrollisapersonwhopostscommentsorquestionsinorderto

stiruptroubleonline.指出先行詞，關系詞，定語從句，以及關系詞充當的成分inordertodo目的是為了（句中，句首）soastodo(句中)stirup引起，激起翻譯：網絡挑事者就是在網上張貼評論或問題以挑起事端的人。Trollsoftenuseseveralfalsenamessothattheycanstayonasite.sothat+句子目的是，為了（引導目的狀語從句）翻譯：為了長期待在一個網站上，網絡挑事者經常使用多個假名。翻譯：我想提前二十分鐘到達,為了我能有時間喝杯咖啡Iwouldliketoarrive20minutesearliersothatIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.bemeanto對...刻薄particulara.particularlyad.=inparticular尤其，特別However,themore

politeyouare,thelesslikelyitisyouwillbeattacked.politea.impolitepolitelythe+比較級（+主語+謂語）,the+比較級（+主語+謂語）越...,越...翻譯：我越刻苦學習，我考的分數越高TheharderIstudy,thehigher

grades

Iwillget.

Boy579:Lastyear,wewerehavingproblemsinourchatroom.Meancommentswerebeingpostedbysomeonewedidn’tknow.Ithinkheorshewasonlytryingtomaketrouble.haveproblemsin（doing）sth在某方面有困難Meancommentswerebeingpostedbysomeonewedidn’tknow.was/werebeingdone過去進行時被動語態was/weredoing過去進行時翻譯有我們不認識的人發了一些惡意的評論Amy:

Agirlatmyschoolhadaverybadexperienceonline.Aphotoofherhadbeenpostedonlineandshewasbeingmadefunof.Itseemedlikeajokeatfirst,butthegirlwasveryupset.翻譯：她的一張照片被傳到網上，被人嘲笑了。atfirst起初

embarrassinga.embarrasseda.尷尬的embarrassvt使尷尬embarrassmentn.尷尬toone’sembarrassmentmakefunof取笑戲弄laughatplayajokeon…befamiliarwith對…熟悉keepsthinmindkeepinmindthat從句牢記Youmustkeepinmindthatgoingtocollegeisyourfirstchoice.Testing-TranslationstaysafeavoidbadexperiencesexpertFirstofallthegoldenrulepostcommentsprotectone’sprivacyprivate

aprivateconversationgiveoutstealone'sidentity