ScienceFictionUnit1

PeriodThree

Grammar—Reviewofthepassivevoice達標檢測當堂檢測基礎達標演練語法導學感悟規(guī)律重點難點剖析內容索引感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife，Claire.2.Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.3.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman.4.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...語法感知語法導學感悟規(guī)律重點難點剖析1.以上句子中都使用了被動語態(tài)，句1為

的被動語態(tài)；句3為

的被動語態(tài)；句4為

的被動語態(tài)。2.句2為不定式的被動語態(tài)，tobeharmed作allow的

。過去將來時過去進行時一般過去時賓語補足語一、語態(tài)概述英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示句子主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示句子主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)的句子謂語動詞的形式是“be＋動詞的過去分詞”。一般來講，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。有時被動語態(tài)中動作的執(zhí)行者用by短語表示出來。語法精析二、被動語態(tài)的用法下面幾種情況一般用被動語態(tài)1.不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時。Themeetinghasbeenputoffforsomereason.會議已因故被推遲了。2.強調動作的承受者時，需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語表示出來。Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupbyanexpertintheschool.學校的一位專家開辦了一個幫助閱讀困難者的特別班。3.出于禮貌避免說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。Everyoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。三、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)項目一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone無shall/willhavebeendone1.Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.邀請您去我們學校作一個演講。2.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyparentsasagiftlastweek.上星期父母給我買了一輛新自行車作為禮物。3.Itissaidthatthemeetingwillbeheldat8∶00a.m.tomorrow.據說會議將于明天上午8點舉行。4.Hewasbeingpunishedforbeinglatebytheheadteacher.他因遲到而正受到班主任的懲罰。5.Thelifeofthemiludeerisbeingstudiedbyspecialistsatpresent.目前專家正在研究麋鹿的生活。6.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.這本書自1973年上市以來已被譯成30種語言。7.Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.在執(zhí)行這項計劃之前，他們已經被警告過多次了。8.Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個月末，這項工作將要被完成。四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.否定詞not的位置：在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.聽到不會獲得博士學位，他沮喪到了極點。2.主動句的謂語動詞帶有復合賓語時，應將賓語變成被動句的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們看見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師點津]在主動語態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式時要省略to，但轉換為被動語態(tài)時，則不能省略to。3.帶雙賓語的動詞作謂語的主動句轉換為被動句時，可將表示物的(直接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語，或將表示人的(間接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I’mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個有趣的故事。4.動詞短語在主動結構中是不可分割的，在被動結構中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經常被人嘲笑。5.主動形式表示被動意義(1)連系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表語時，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.這種食物嘗起來美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在會上說的話聽起來令人備受鼓舞。(2)當wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.這種布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我的作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主動形式表示被動意義。Hishairneedscutting.→Hishairneedstobecut.他的頭發(fā)需要剪了。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動形式表被動意義。Thenovelisworth

readingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說值得再讀一次。五、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)1.動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)由“to＋be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，當動詞不定式所表示的動作與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系時，要用動詞不定式的被動式。動詞不定式的被動式只有一般式和完成式。Iamveryhappytobethuspraised.受到如此褒獎我非常高興。Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.似乎有人闖進過這間房子。Theboywaspleasedtobetakentothezoo.男孩很高興被帶去動物園。Thejewelseemedtohavebeenstolenbysomeone.珠寶似乎被某人偷走了。2.動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的情況(1)動詞不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的被動關系，且與句中另一名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的主動關系時。Thepooroldmanonlyhasaverysmallroomtolivein.那位可憐的老人只有一間很小的房間住。(2)動詞不定式跟在性質形容詞后，與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系時。Itissaidthattheseapplesaregoodtoeat.據說這些蘋果很好吃。(3)某些動詞(如blame，let等)的不定式用在be后作表語時，用主動形式表示被動意義。Thepolicethoughtthatthecarelessdriverwastoblamefortheaccident.警察認為事故應歸咎于粗心的司機。(4)動詞不定式與疑問詞連用時。Withsomanybooksonhand，Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.手頭有那么多的書，湯姆不知道應該先讀哪一本。返回Ⅰ.句型轉換(變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))達標檢測當堂檢測基礎達標演練1.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.→_____________________________________2.HehasreadmanyarticlesbyLuXun.→___________________________________________3.Shewillfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→__________________________________________4.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→________________________________________________Manytreesareplantedbyhimeveryyear.ManyarticlesbyLuXunhavebeenreadbyhim.Thetaskwillbefinishedbyherinadayortwo.Shesaidthatthetaskwouldbefinishedinadayortwo.5.TheywerecleaningtheclassroomwhenIwasthere.→_____________________________________________6.Thenewcoupleboughtthefurnituretheotherday.→___________________________________________________7.Theexpertsarediscussingtheproblematthemeeting.→_____________________________________________________8.Hehadlefthiskeysbeforehecametomyplace.→__________________________________________________TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedwhenIwasthere.Thefurniturewasboughtbythenewcoupletheotherday.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbytheexpertsatthemeeting.Hiskeyshadbeenleftbyhimbeforehecametomyplace.Ⅱ.語法填空

InAlaska，thewolfalmost9.

(disappear)afewyearsago，becausehunters10.

(kill)hundredsofthemforsport.However，laws11.

(establish)toprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenandpeoplewhocaughttheanimalsfortheirfur.Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Nowtherearesomanywolvesthatthey12.

(destroy)theirownfoodsupply.disappearedkilledwereestablishedaredestroyingAwolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerforfood.Manyoftheanimals13.

(destroy)bytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychangesinthewildernessplantlife.Whenthedeercan’tfindenoughfood，they14.