Unit3Thelanddownunder(P1.L1)

ModernAustraliaismadeupofsixstatesandtwoterritories.現代澳大利亞是由六個洲和兩大區組成。

Arescueteammadeupofdoctors,nursesandsecurityexpertsweresenttoIndonesiasoonaftertheTsunami.海嘯過后，一支由醫生、護士和安全人員組成的救援小組被派往印尼。

bemadeupof=consistof(不用于被動形式)makeanefforttodo努力做……

makeone’smindtodo決心做……

makeadiscovery做出發現

makefunof取笑……

makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友

makeuseof利用

makeadecision做出決定

makepreparationfor為……做準備

makefor造成，促成

朝……移動，前進

makeapromise做出承諾，許諾

makeout辨明，看清，理解

makeanattempttodo嘗試

makeup做“組成，構成”講，也可用于被動語態；

bemadeupof，

意為“由……組成，由……構成”

e.g.①Thecoatandtrousersmakeupasuit.

②Thousandsofpartsmakeupthecar.

③Acarisusuallymadeupofthousandsofparts.

④Shemadeupherfacetolookprettier.⑤Hemadeupthelist.

⑥Theyhurriedontomakeupforlosttime.Exercise:Theoldladywassixtyyearsoldandwhiledrivingshecouldhardly_____theroadsignsahead,whichmadefortheseveretrafficaccident.

A.makeupB.makeout

C.makeupforD.makesense

B2.(P1.L4)

Australiaissurroundedbymanyoceans:theIndianOceaninthewest,theSouthernOceaninthesouthandthePacificOceaninthenortheast.

澳大利亞被許多海洋包圍：西邊是印度洋，南面是南太平洋，東北部是太平洋。surroundvt.包圍，環繞

besurroundedby/with周圍都是

surround…with…用……把……圍住e.g.①Ourvillageisabeautifulonewithgreenhillssurroundingit.

②Surroundedbythetrees,flowersandgrasseverywhere,ourcityhastakenonabrandnewlook.

③Onwalkingintotheclassroom,theoldmanfoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.

Exercise:①Although_____byflames,theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuildings.

A.surroundB.surrounding

C.beingsurroundedD.surrounded

②Goonclimbingtothetopofthepeak,andyoucanseeallthe_____hills.

A.surroundB.surrounding

C.surroundedD.tosurroundDB3.(P1.L7)

SydneyisperhapsAustralia’smostfamouscity,butthecapitalofAustraliaisCanberra,acitylocatedbetweenSydneyandMelbourne.悉尼是澳大利亞最有名的城市，但是澳大利亞的首都是堪培拉，一個坐落在悉尼和墨爾本之間的城市。

located過去分詞作定語修飾city相當于AcitythatislocatedbetweenSydneyandMelbourne.過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作；

現在分詞的一般式表示與句子的謂語動詞同時發生的動作，被動式表示與句子的謂語動詞同時發生的被動動作，完成式表示發生在句子謂語動詞動作之前的動作；不定式表示要去做的事。

①Lookingoutofthewindow,Inoticedacardashingforwardatgreatspeed.

②IrecognizedthecarbeingrepairedinthegaragetobeMary’s.

③Havingfinishedhishomework,theboyhurriedbackhome.

④Ihaveanimportanttasktofinish.⑤⑤Sheisaskilledcraftsmanthatshefixedthebrokenglasses.

Exercise:①①Thisisthequestion________(discuss)yesterday.②②Whatisthebuilding_____(build)nowfor?

③Themanagerhasreachedanagreementwiththecompanyonthepowerstation_____(build)andconstructionworkwillbeginsoon.discussedbeingbuiltbuilding4.(P1.L8)Sixofthepointsrepresenttheoriginalstatesandtheseventhstandsforalltheterritories.這些些星中的的六個代代表最初初的洲而而第七個個代表所所有的疆疆土。represent代代表表,象征征;表表現;描繪,塑塑造;聲聲稱e.g.Themoonrepresentsmyheart.I’dliketothankyourepresentingmywholefamily.=I’dliketothankyouonbehalfofmywholefamily.standfor表表示，，代表e.g.PCstandsforpersonalcomputer.Thebaldeaglerepresents(standsfor\symbolize)theUnitedStates.standout明顯，，醒目，突突出，杰出出

standby袖手手旁觀，支支持

standup起起立，站起起來

standoff與與人不親親近，疏遠遠

Exercise:I’dliketoknowwhattheeagle_____inAmerica.A.meansB.standsfor

C.referstoD.read5.(P2.L5)SomeAustraliaAboriginesstillliveinasimilarwaytotheirancestors,whileothersliveincitie一些澳大利亞的土著人依然過著和他們祖先類似的生活而其他人象他們的澳洲同事那樣生活在都市、城鎮和鄉下。

⑴while并列連連詞，表示示對比或對對照

MrSmithisaplaywriterwhilehiswifeisafamousactress.⑵⑵while當當……的時時候，引導導時間狀語語從句Whileworkingintheoffice,hefoundastrangerstealin.

⑶while表示讓步步，“雖然然，盡管””

Whiletheparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.Exercise:Booksmadeofpiecesofbambooorwoodareheavytocarry_____thosemadeofsilkaretooexpensivetoafford.

A.butB.howeverC.whileD.though6.(P3.L2)In1770,CaptainJamesCookwentonascientificjourneyandclaimedtheeastcoastofthecontinentfortheBritishCrown.1770年年，詹姆斯斯.庫克船船長進行了了一次科學學考察，宣宣布這塊大大陸的東海海岸歸英王王所有。claimvt.表示“提出出要求，請請求（應得得權利）””，表示““（根據權權利）要求求，認領，，索取”Everycitizeninademocraticcountrymayclaimtheprotectionofthelaw.表表示“自自稱，聲稱稱，主張””，后接名名詞，不定定式，從句句Heclaimedtohavedonetheworkwithouthelp.

表示示“值得，，需要”Thereareseveralmattersthatclaimmyattention.claimvi.表示“（根根據法律））提出要求求，要求賠賠償（損失失）”Unlesshepaysup,Ishallclaimagainsthim.

claimn.

表示示“（根據據權利而提提出的）要要求，認領領，賠償，，索賠”，，是可數名名詞

Hemadeaclaimfordamages.表示“要求求，請求權權”，不可可數名詞Youhavenoclaimonmysympathies.表表示“聲聲稱，主張張，斷言””

Investigationshowedhisclaimtobefalse.

Exercise,Herbrother_____toleaveheraloneinthedarkroomifshedisobeyedhisorder.A.declaredB.claimedC.threatenedD.warnedclaim/demand/require①①claim在在表示“要要求”這一一意思時，，強調“把把……看作作自己理應應得到從而而要求它””。Eg，Heclaimedtheinheritance.他宣稱有有權利得到到遺產。②②demand““強權要要求”之意意，有時表表現出一種種專橫跋扈扈的態度。。帶有強硬硬、斷然，，一再堅持持的意味，，著重提出出要求的手手段或方式式。而claim著著重要求求的權力或或理由。Eg，Idemandananswerimmediately.我要要求立即答答復。③require含含有“要要求履行””的意思，，強調需要要所要求的的東西，語語氣比demand較弱，，著重作為為一個人的的義務或本本分來要求求。

e.g.Thisletterrequiresananswer.此信信需要答復復。7.(P3.L7)ThenewcomerschangedthewaylandwasmanagedandintroducednewplantsandanimalsthatwereharmfultotheAustralianecosystems.

landwasmanaged是由由that引導的定定語從句修修飾theway，that省略。。補全為landwasmanagedinthisway.that代替從從句中的inthisway，that也也可以表示示原因代替替forwhich或whyIdon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoyourparents.that可可以同時時表示時間間和地點，，在從句中中作狀語。。

DoyoustillrememberthetimeandplacethatthelastNationalGameswereheld?

Exercise,Doyouagreetohisway_____theproblemissettled?

A.whichB.howC.thatD.bywhich8.(P3.L9)Asaconsequence,theoriginalAustralianssuffered.因此，土著著的澳大利利亞人遭了了殃。asaconsequence=inconsequence/asaresult因因此此，結果asaconsequenceof因因為……，，由于………

asaresultofbecauseofdueto

thankstoowingtoe.g.Asaconsequenceofhisrudeness,hewasfiredbyhisboss.9.(P5.L1)ThefirstworldwarhadastronginfluenceonAustralia.haveaninfluenceon/upon=haveaneffecton/uponinfluencesb./sth.affectsb./sth.e.g.1)Idon’’tthinkthiskindofeducationsystemwillhaveagreatinfluenceonourschool.2)SARShasastronginfluenceonhumanbehaviour.10.(P5.L2)AftertheSecondWorldWar,Australiabegantotransformitselfintothemoderncountryasitistoday.在第二次世界界大戰以后，，澳大利亞喀喀什把他自己己轉變成象今今天一樣的現現代化國家。。

transformvt.改變，轉變，，改造

transformsth./o把………改造成transform…from…into…完完全改變e.g.Asteamenginetransformsheatintopower.11.(P6.L1)AustralianEnglishdiffersinpronunciationfromBritishandAmeric