2012年6月國家公共英語（五級）筆試真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.ListeningComprehension2.UseofEnglish3.ReadingComprehension4.WritingSectionIListeningComprehension(35minutes)Directions:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstanswerthequestionsinyourtestbooklet,notontheANSWERSHEET.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwiPartADirections:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1-10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1-10.聽力原文：Thankyouforinvitingmetosharemythoughtswithyouthisevening.Asyoucanimagine,beingthepresidentoftheNEAisademandingjobandinmanywaysit’sanimportantjob.Butfor25years,Ihadajobthatwasmoredemandingandmoreimportant.Iwasateacher.Myfirstyearintheclassroom,Iwasn’tamemberofmylocalteacher’sunioninDanburyConnecticut.Ididn’tseetheneed,butveryquickly,thegoinggottough.Incollege,Ididn’ttakeasinglegeographycourseandmyfirstassignmentwastoteach,youguessit,Geography.Iadmitthatinmyfirstyear,IwasnotaverygoodteacherandIwasnottheonlyone.Irememberanotherpoorlypreparedfirst-yearteachersayingtome,“Bob,Ifindmyselfspendingalotoftimeinthebathroom.It’stheonlyplaceintheschoolwhereIknowwhatI’mdoing.“NotonlywasItotallyonmyown,Irealizedthatmycolleaguesweremostlyinthesamepredicament—professionallyisolated,powerless,voicelessinthelargeaffairsoftheschool.SoIdidtherationalthing.Ijoinedthelocalteacher’sunionandmypointisthis—didn’tgointoteachingtobecomeaunionactivist.Ibecameaunionactivistinordertobecomeabetterteacher,inordertoadvancemyprofession,inordertogiveteachersavoiceinmakingtheirschoolsmoreeffectiveplacesforteachingandlearning.Teachingmayinfactbetheworld’ssecondoldestprofession,butasapracticalmatter,thisprofessionisstillverymuchinitsinfancy,especiallywhencomparedtofullyarticulatedprofessionsuchaslawandmedicine.Wehaveyettootrulyprofessionalizedthecraftofteaching.Thinkaboutit,peoplegointoteachingforthemostnoble,unselfishmotivations.Wehavethiscrazyideathatmaybe,just,maybe,theycouldmakeadifferenceinthelivesofchildren,inthelivesofourstudents,andsowegetupeverydayandgotoworkinmake-shiftclassrooms.Wereconcileourselvestoinadequatepaychecksandtotoolittlerespect.Inthecafeteria,wedealwithinsanitarypizzaaday.Weputupwithadministratorswhotoldusasifweweresix-year-oldsandsix-year-oldswhotoldusasiftheywereadministrators.Teachersdeservethebest,butinstead,weconfrontasystem,astatusquoteinpubliceducationthatutterlyfailstosupportusinourwork.Byandlarge,theundergraduateexperienceofmostnewteachersdoesnotadequatelypreparethemfortheshocksandchallengesoftherealworldclassroom.Thevastmajorityofmostnewteachersnationwidereceivenomentoring,whatsoever,noinductionprocessworthyofthenameandforveteranteachers,thepictureisnotmuchbrighter.Inmostschooldistricts,professionaldevelopmentisajoke.In-serviceworkshops,Satangatesessionsusuallyattheendofalongdayofteachingaremostlyadisservice,soI’mnotinaleastbitsurprisedthatsome50%ofteachersleavetheprofessionwithin5years.Whatsurprisesme,giventhissystematicneglect,isthat50%stay.Sowehavearesponsibilitytoworktogethercollaborativelytotransformtheexperienceofyoungpeoplewhoareseekingacareerasteachers.YouwillhearaspeechbyBobChase,PresidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation(NEA)totheAmericanAssociationofCollegesforTeacherEducation.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1to10bycirclingTRUE,orFALSE.Youwillhearthespeechonlyonce.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1to10.1．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：A2．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：B3．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：B4．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：A5．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：A6．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：B7．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：A8．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：A9．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：B10．A．TUREB．FALSE正確答案：APartBDirections:Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.聽力原文：M:Thisyearisthe30thanniversaryofthePapaLeavewhichmeansthefather’sarrivaltotaketimeoffworkcaringforthebabyandshoppingforthefamily.Tonight,onourshow,wehaveinvitedMrs.Brown,aspecialistinthisfield,tocommentonpapaleaveinSweden.Mrs.Brown,howlongcanfathersstayawayfromworkandiftheydotakealeave,dotheystillgetpaid?W:Actually,Scandinaviahaslonghadgenerousparentalleave.InSweden,acouplecantakeupto13monthsoffworkbetweenthemwiththestaypaying80%oflostwagesuptoaceilingof3425dollarsamonth.Afurther90dayscanbetakenforatokensum.Theleavecanbeusedinblockortakeinbatchesbeforethechildis8.Itisnotionallydivided50/50butexceptfor2months.Itcanbetransferredbetweentheparents.M:Arefatherswillingtotakepapaleave?W:ManySwedishfathersarereluctanttousetheirpapamonth.Motherstakeasmuchas85%ofalltheparentalleave.Thisfrustratesfeministswhobelievethatsharedresponsibilityforchildcareisakeytoequalityinthelabormarket.Swedenhasoneoftheworld’shighestratesoffemaleparticipationinthelaborforce,butwomen’swagesstilllagbehindmen’sandonly2outof282listedcompanieshavefemalechiefexecutives.M:Howdoesthegovernmentlookatthis?W:Thegovernmentsympathizes.Itisimpressedbyevidencethatfatherswhotakemoreresponsibilityforsmallchildrenaremorelikelytostayincontact.Shallthefamilybreakup?Acommissionislookingintowaystoincreasefather’stake-upofparentalleave.Somepeoplewanttoscrapthetransferofleavebetweenpartners.Theysayonlysuchadrasticmeasurecanforcementotaketheirresponsibilities.11．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutfathersinSweden?A．Theyareunderheavypressuretodomorehousework.B．Theyareentitledtotakeparentalleave.C．Theyarespendingmoretimeshoppingwiththeiryoungkids.D．Theyarecelebratingthe30thanniversaryof“papaleave”.正確答案：B12．WhatisonefeatureoftheparentalleaveinSweden?A．Fatherscanbeoffworkfor13months.B．Theleavecanbetakenperiodically.C．Thecouplemayhave90daysmorewithoutpay.D．ParentsmaylosetheirsalarybySOpercent.正確答案：B13．Whatisessentialtoequalityinthelabourmarketaccordingtofeminists?A．Highratesoffemaleinvolvement.B．Sharedresponsibilityforchildcare.C．Higherwagesforfemaleemployees.D．Transferofleavebetweenpartners.正確答案：B聽力原文：Themostimportantissueatthemomentistochangethepubliceducationsystemandtoupgradethetrainingteachersrequiredtohave.Somepeoplesaythatit’srealistictothinkthatgenuinereformofpubliceducationcantakeplace,butIdon’tthinkit’sgoingtohappeneasily.Obviously,theteacher’sunionsandeducationestablishmentwillfindeverylittlethreattotheirmonopoly.Aswe’veseen,inthewaytheygoouttovultureproposalsineverywaytheycan.Iliketoremainoptimismandeventually,wearegoingtoswingthingsaround.ButtheDemocraticPartyisalmostcompletelyinlockedstepwiththeteacher’sunions,andnowwehavetobeovercome.Totellyouthetruth,Ithinkweareleaningtowardsamodelofeducationinthefuturethatisoutsidepubliceducation.Ithinkwemaybeheadingtowardsahome-schoolco-opmodel,perhapsbeingtotechnologyandprivateschools,aidedbytuitiontaxcreditsandscholarshiporganizations.Theycanhelppoorkidsgotothesealternativeschools.SuchdevelopmentsareoutsidethepublicschoolsystemandIthinkinthelongtermtheymaybethemosthopeful.Already,wehavenearly2millionchildrenbeenhome-schooled.Only20yearsago,Ithinktherewereonlyafewthousand.Inthehome-schoolco-ops,you’llhavemaybe4or5parentsworkingtogetherandmaybe3or4ofthemwillworktosupporttheparentwhostayathomeasteachersorthey’llsharetheteachingandteachwhattheyknow.Andwhentheydon’tknowsomethinglikeAlgebra,theycanpullresourcesentireorbringinspecialistsorknowledgeablevolunteertoteachspecificsubject.14．Whyisthereformofpubliceducationunlikelytohappen?A．Fewpeoplesupportit.B．Stategovernmentsopposeit.C．Theteachersunionsshownointerestintheproposals.D．Teachersandschoolswillresistthereform.正確答案：C15．Whatwillthehome-schoolco-opmodelbelikeinthefuture?A．Fundedpartlybystategovernments.B．Independentofpublicschools.C．Linkedwithtechnologyandpublicschools.D．Primarilyattendedbypoorkidsaidedbyscholarships.正確答案：B16．Howmanystudentsarenowstudyingathome-schools?A．Twomillion.B．Afewthousand.C．Twentythousand.D．Threemillion.正確答案：A聽力原文：W:Mr.Welch,doyouthinkthereisanydoubtnowthatglobalwarmingexists?M:Letmeputitthisway.Afewdeterminedskepticsdon’tacceptit,buttheover-whelmingmajorityofscientistsdo.ThereporttheNationalAcademyofSciencesissuedwasverybalanced.Theynoticedsomeuncertainties,forexample,whenandwhereimpactsmightbefeltandtowhatdegree.Buttheconclusionwasthattheearthiswarming.Thischangeisinducedbyhumanactivityanditwillgetworse.W:Doafewdegreesofwarmingreallymatter?M:Theearthiswarmedby1degreeFahrenheitinthelast100years,moreinsomeplaces,liketheArctic,wheretherehasbeenanincreaseof4to5degreessincethe1950s.Polarbearsarehavingaterribletimethereandmaybeextinctbytheendofthiscentury.Already,weareseeingchangesinAlaska,whereroadsarebucklinginplacesandsomemajorpipelinesnolongerfittogether.ColdwaterfishthatusedtobefoundofftheAlaskanCoastarenolongerthere.W:Cananewenergypolicyhelp?M:Energypolicyisclimatepolicysincefossilfuelsarethemainsourcesofgreen-housegases,sothequestionbecomes:Wheredowegetourenergy?IntheUnitedStates,51%ofelectricitycomesfromcoal,20%nuclear,16.5%naturalgas,7%hydroelectric,3%oilandtherest,renewables,geothermal,wind,andsolar.W:Howmuchpowercanwerealisticallyexpecttoderivefromrenewablesources?M:10%by2020isrealisticorwithaconsideredeffort,30%by2050.Withoutmajorbreakthroughs,it’shardtogetbeyondathird,becausemostrenewablesareintermittent.Youneedbetterwaysofstoringtheenergy.17．WhatcanbesaidaboutthereportbytheNationalAcademyofSciences?A．Itispresentedinanauthoritativetone.B．Itisbasedonanobjectiveanalysis.C．Itprovidesanunbiasedviewonglobalwanning.D．Itcontainsprovocativeremarkstoskeptics.正確答案：C18．Howmuchhastheworldtemperaturegoneupinthepast100years?A．By1degree.B．By2degrees.C．By4degrees.D．By5degrees.正確答案：A19．WhatisthelargestenergysourceintheUStoday?A．Nuclearenergy.B．Coal.C．Oil.D．Naturalgas.正確答案：B20．Whathinderstheextensiveuseofrenewableenergysources?A．Lackofadvancedstoringtechnology.B．Aneedforjointeffortsofscientists.C．Ashortageofpracticalsupportfromthepublic.D．Anunreliablemarketdemand.正確答案：APartCDirections:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.聽力原文：W:WhatfirstledyoutotheGalapagosIslands?M:IgrewupnearCharlesDarwin’shouseinKent,andI’dbeenfascinatedbytheGalapagossincelearningaboutthematschool.ThesignificanceofDarwin’svisitthereleftanimpressiononme.IintendedtotravelafteruniversityandappliedtobeanaturalistguideforanEnglishmanwhoranyachtcruisesaroundtheislands.Aftermuchpersistence,Igotthejob.Backthen,theislandswereveryremote,a5hourflightfromthemainlandofEcuador.W:Whydidyoudecidetofoundthecompany?M:AfterworkingformorethanayearintheGalapagos,IbackpackedthelengthandbreadthofSouthAmerica,takingphotographsandexploringwildnessareas.BackinEngland,Ifounditdifficulttosettleintoregularwork,soendedupasafreelancetourleaderandphotographer.In1985,IreturnedtotheGalapagostoresearchtourismanddecidedtoestablishmyowncompany.W:Andwhatmakesyourcompanyunique?M:Iwasoneofthepioneers.Weusedlocallyownedboatsandenvironmentallysoundlodgesfromthestart.Weonlytakesmallgroupsandhavealowimpactphilosophy.AswellasBritishleaders,weemploythebestlocalguides.WecontributetolocalcopservationorganizationsandofferclientsmembershipoftheGalapagosConservationTrust.W:Whatmeasuresdoyoutaketominimizeyourtours’effectontheenvironment?M:Peoplethinkthattakingtouriststowildregionsisdestructive,however,it’stourismthathelpsprotecttheGalapagosandtheAmazon,providedit’sdoneinanenvironmentallysoundway.Touristshavetoadheretostrictnationalparkrules.Therearelimitsontouristmembersandlicensedoperatorsthathavebeenimposedbythenationalparksauthorities.Tourismistheonlysustainablewayofgeneratinganincomefortheinhabitants.Theproblemisthatthelocalpopulationisgrowingrapidlyandpoliticiansaremoreworriedaboutvotesthanlimitingimmigration.W:WhatdoyouthinkarecurrentlythebiggestthreatstotheGalapagos?M:Illegalfishingandintroducedorganisms.Fishingisprohibitedinthemarinereserve,butthisisignoredbysea-cucumber,shark-finandlonglineindustrialfishermen.Localauthoritieshavegivenintothefishinglobbyandsadlyit’sthethinendofthewedge.Eachyeartheydemandmoreandgetit.Theotherthreatistheintroductionofnon-nativeplantsandanimals.I’venoticedoverthepast20yearsthatontheinhabitedislands,nativeplantshavebeeneclipsedbyintroducedones.W:HowdoyouthinktourismcanbenefitendangeredareassuchastheGalapagos?M:Tourismisbyfarthelessofallevils,comparedtofishingorloggingandprovidedit’scontrolled,itcanbeapositiveforce.Everytouristwhogoesthereisapotentialambassadorforconservationandcontributesdirectlyandindirectlytopreservation.Ourtourleadersmakepassengersawareoftheresponsibilitiesofvisitingtheislands,andmakesurethattheytakehomeasenseofwonderoftheplace.Wehopethatmanywillcontinuetosupportourconservationpartners.W:Whattypeofpeoplesignupforyourexpeditions?Doyouhaveanytypicalclient?M:Wedon’treallycallthemexpeditions,morelike‘softadventures’.Generally,onourescortedtrips,clientsare‘mature’,middle-agedtoretire.Theylikenature,botany,bird-watchingandlocalculture.Ourtripscanattractfolkfromallwalksoflife,butusuallythosewhorespectnature.Theaccessibilityofonceremoteplaceshasmeantthatnow,thereisaclassoftouristswhojustwantstotickplacesoffonalist.I’drathertheygoelsewhere.W:Howdoyouselectyourtrips?M:Biodiversityisthekey.OurmostpopulartripgoestothejungleoftheAmazonheadwaters,thecloudforestandhighAndesandthenfinisheswithaGalapagoscruise.Inacoupleofweeks,wecanseevariouskindsofbirds—notmentionorchids,butterfliesandtheoddmammalandthat’sbeforeweevengettotheGalapagos.W:Sodoyouhaveanyplanstoexpandthecompanyfurther?M:Atimelyquestion,becausewenowoffertourselsewhereinLatinAmerica.We’regivingourcompanyanewname,SelectLatinAmerica.Theideaistoselectpartnersineachcountrytopickthebestwildlifeandculturedestinations.W:Thankyouverymuchforbeingwithus,Mr.Howell.M:Mypleasure.YouwillhearaninterviewaboutGalapagosAdventureTourinEcuador.Asyoulisten,youmustanswerQuestions21to30bywritingnomorethanthreewordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.Youwillheartheinterviewtwice.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21to30.21．正確答案：Anaturalistguide22．正確答案：Difficult23．正確答案：198524．正確答案：thelocalguides25．正確答案：Votes26．正確答案：Illegalfishing27．正確答案：controlled28．正確答案：Middle-agedtoretire29．正確答案：Afewweeks30．正確答案：SelectLatinAmericaSectionIIUseofEnglish(15minutes)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandfilleachofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableword.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Agingbabyboomersaredeterminedtofighttheagingprocess.Theyspendmillionsofdollarsayearon【C1】______theyperceiveasthebestanti-agingproducts【C2】______canbuy.Theyarebeingveryshort-sighted【C3】______theirquestforyouth.Just【C4】______awell-maintainedcareventuallybreaks【C5】______,ourbodies【C6】______thesame.Agingisachronicandongoingconditionweallface.Successfulagingrequiresplanning.Thebabyboomergenerationhasmade【C7】______loudandclearthattheywanttoremainintheirhomesandcommunities【C8】______theyage.Yetthey【C9】______themostimportantfactorthatwillhelpthemachievethegoal【C10】______agesuccessfullyathome.Thehomeenvironmentmostboomersresideinwasbuiltfortheyoungfamily.Ayoungbody【C11】______runthestairs,standatthesinkandgetonastoolto【C12】______things.Theseareactivitiesthatbecomedifficultoreven【C13】______forsomeastheyage.Fallsarethenumberonerobberofindependenceoftheagingbody.Yes,alltheexerciseandgoodnutritioncannot【C14】______onefromfallingandbreakingabone.Eventuallythebodyslowsdownand【C15】______mobilecanbeanissue.Itbecomeshardtogetintothebathroom.Manyagingseniorsstoptakingbathsbecauseofa【C16】______offalling.Nomatterhowhardwewanttostayyoungorourbodies【C17】______maintainayouthfulappearance,eventuallywewillslowdown.Sowhatisthebestinvestmentforsuccessfulagingathome?Itissimple.Adjustyourpresentlivingenvironmenttomeettheneedsofyouragingbody.Manyagingseniors【C18】______upinnursinghomesorassistedliving【C19】______theirhomeenvironmentcouldnot【C20】______theirneeds.31．【C1】正確答案：what解析：本句意為“他們每年花費數百萬美元購買抗衰老產品，在他們看來，那些產品是用錢能買到的最好的產品。”根據語法分析，此空應填賓語從句的引導詞“what”。32．【C2】正確答案：money解析：本句翻譯見31題。根據語法分析，“canbuy”是修飾“thebestanti—agingproducts”的定語從句，此空所填詞語是定語從句內部的主語。結合上下文語意，所以此空應填“money”。33．【C3】正確答案：in解析：本句意為“他們在追求青春方面目光比較短淺。”“beshort—sightedinsth。”是固定搭配，意為‘在…是目光短淺的”，所以此空應填“in”。34．【C4】正確答案：as解析：本句意為“我們知道，一個勤于保養的車輛也會出故障，我們的身體更是一樣。”結合上下文可知：該句旨在表示類比，所以此空應填“as”構成“Justas…”。35．【C5】正確答案：down解析：本句翻譯見34題。”breakdown”是固定搭配，意為“(汽車)拋錨，發生故障”，所以此空應填“down”。36．【C6】正確答案：do解析：本句翻譯見34題。結合上下文可知：作者將“身體”和“車輛”進行類比，所以此空應填“do”構成“dothesame”。37．【C7】正確答案：it解析：本句意為“嬰兒潮這一代已經表示的很清楚…”。根據語法分析，此空所填詞語是形式賓語“it”，其邏輯主語是“thattheywanttore—mainintheirhomesandcommunities…”。38．【C8】正確答案：as解析：本句意為“…他們希望自己在變老的過程中不離開家園和社區”。根據語法分析，此空所填詞語是時間狀語的引導詞“as”。39．【C9】正確答案：ignore解析：本句意為“然而，他們忽略了一個能幫助他們成功實現在家安享晚年的最重要的因素。”該句中的“Yet”表示上下文的轉折，所以此空應填“ignore”表示這些老年人所忽視的內容。40．【C10】正確答案：to解析：本句翻譯見39題。“thegoaltodosth．”是慣用短語，所以此空應填“to”。41．【C11】正確答案：can解析：本句意為“年輕人可以爬樓梯，站在水槽一卜或凳子上拿東西。”根據語意，此空應填“can”。42．【C12】正確答案：reach解析：根據語意，此空應填“reach”。43．【C13】正確答案：impossible解析：本句意為“這些行為隨著年齡的增加而變得困難甚至難以完成。”根據上文“Theseareactivitiesthatbecomedifficultoreven…”可知：所填詞語要構成以“or”為中心的平行結構，而且語意上要和“difficult”形成遞進關系，所以此空應填“impossible”。44．【C14】正確答案：keep解析：本句意為“所有的運動和良好的營養都不能避免人們摔倒…”。“keepsb．fromdoingsth．”是固定搭配，意為“使免于，阻止某人做某事”，所以此空應填“keep”。45．【C15】正確答案：being解析：本句意為“最終，我們身體的節奏慢了下來，而且四處走動也成為問題。”根據上下文可知：該句前后連貫，形成句子與句子的平行結構，所以此空應填“being”構成句子的第二個主語“beingmobile”。46．【C16】正確答案：fear解析：本句意為“…是因為害怕在浴室跌倒”。根據語意，所以此空應填“fear”。47．【C17】正確答案：to解析：本句意為“無論我們如何努力想保持年輕，或使我們的身體保持年輕的容貌…”。根據語法分析，該句是以“or”為中心的平行結構，所以此空應填“to”構成平行的第二個句子“ourbodies(want)tomaintainayouthfulappearance”。48．【C18】正確答案：end解析：本句意為“許多老年人最后不得不生活在養老院或輔助生活站，因為他們的家居環境無法滿足他們的需求。”“endup”是固定搭配，意為“結束”，所以此空應填“end”。49．【C19】正確答案：because解析：本句翻譯見48題。根據語意，所以此空應填表原因的連詞“because”。50．【C20】正確答案：accommodate解析：本句翻譯見48題。“accommodateone’sneeds”是固定搭配，意為“滿足某人的需要”，所以此空應填“accommodate”。此外，此空也可填“meet”。SectionIIIReadingComprehension(50minutes)PartADirections:ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.ThetramsthatglidethroughCroydonbydayareevocativeofcontinentalEurope.TheloudandsometimesviolentdrunkennessamongtheyoungpeoplewhoroamthissouthLondonsuburbonaSaturdaynightisalltooBritish,however.ThatBritonstendtodrinktoomuchisnothingnew.Butthedebateabouthowtocurbyouthfuldrunkennessisgainingfocus,inpartbecauseofrecentremindersthattheviolenceitproducescangobeyondclumsylate-nightfights.OnAugust17th,threeyouthsinGatesheadwereconvictedofbeatingamanintoamonth-longcomaforrefusingtobuyalcoholfortheirunderagefriends.PeterFathy,thechiefconstableofCheshire,whereafatherofthreewasmurderedonAugust10thbyyouths,hassuggested,amongotherthings,raisingthelegaldrinkingagefrom18to21andbanningalcoholconsumptioninpublicplaces.Theseproposalssoundplausiblebuttheyhavedrawbacks.ItwouldputBritainoutoflinewithinternationalpractice:thebuyingageis18inmostofEurope,andaslowas16incountrieswithoutmuchofadrinkproblem,suchasItaly.Inanycase,binge-drinkersintheirmid-twentiesarealsopartoftheproblem.Asforbanningdrinkinginpublicplaces,localauthoritiesinBritaincanalreadydothis.TwoparticularlyenthusiasticcouncilsareWestminsterinLondonandBrightonandHoveonthesouthcoast,bothofwhichhaveraucousnight-timeeconomies.Othercouncilsapplythebanmoreselectively.AnalternativetorestrictivemeasuresistoteachBritonsmoresensibledrinkinghabits.Afterall,governmentcampaignsandpublichealthadvertisementsplayedsomeroleinthedeclineinsmoking.ButBenBaumberg,aresearcherattheInstituteforAlcoholStudies,cautionsagainstpinningtoomanyhopesonthisapproach.Byitself,hesays,itwillnotrevolutioniseBritain’sbinge-drinkingculture.Asurersolutionistoraisethecostofalcoholbyincreasingtaxes.GrantThornton,anaccountancyfirm,pointsoutthattaxesonalcoholhavefalleninrealtermsoverthepastdecade,althoughtheyarestillhighbyEuropeanstandards.Intensecompetitionbetweenthepubsandbarsintowncentreshasalsopusheddownprices.Drinkersstumblefromonewateringholetothenextinsearchof“happyhours”andotherpromotions.Supermarketsarealsoaccusedofsellingalcoholicbeverages.Thegovernmentmaybeabouttochangecourse.Itspreviousstrategytocounterexcessivealcoholconsumptionwascriticizedforrelyingtooheavilyonvoluntaryactionbythedrinksindustry.ButministerssaidinJunethattheywouldreviewthepricingandpromotionofalcohol.RaisingthecostofdrinkingisthebesthopeofmakingaSaturdaynightinCroydonmorepeaceful.51．Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?A．NightsinBritaincanbechaotic.B．Croydonhaskeptcontinentaltradition.C．Tramserviceisnotavailableatnight.D．Drunkenyoungpeoplearehardlyseenduringtheday.正確答案：A解析：推理題。題目問的是“文章第一段暗示了什么?”。由文章第一段第二句“TheloudandsometimesviolentdrunkennessamongtheyoungpeoplewhoroamthissouthLondonsuburbonaSaturdaynight，isalltooBritish，however．”可知：周六晚在倫敦南部郊區出現的醉酒后吵吵鬧鬧或有時實施暴力的年輕人也是英國很典型的特征。從中可以推出，英國年輕人會在周六晚在倫敦南部郊區滋事，這與A項內容相符。故選A。52．TheproposalofresettingthedrinkingageA．wastriggeredbyamurdercommittedbydrunkenyouths.B．mayleadtoafeasiblesolutiontoyouthfuldrunkenness.C．wouldenableBritaintokeepupwithinternationalpractice.D．wasputforwardoutoftheconcernaboutviolentcrimes.正確答案：A解析：細節題。題目問的是“重新設定飲酒年齡的提議是”。由文章第二段第四句“PeterFathy，thechiefconsta—bleofCheshire,…inpublicplaces．”可知：彼得.費伊，柴郡地方的警察局長建議，除其他事項外，還要將法定飲酒年齡從18歲提高到21歲并在公共場所禁止飲酒。因為在8月10日，柴郡一個有三個孩子的父親被年輕人謀殺。這與A項內容相符。故選A。53．Insolvingthedrinkingproblem,somelocalgovernmentsA．maytrysimilarmeasuresastheydidtosmoking.B．aretoraisepublicawarenessoftheseverityofyouthfuldrunkenness.C．havetostrikeabalancebetweeneconomyandpublicorder.D．havebeencautiousabouttakingrestrictivemeasuresnationwide.正確答案：B解析：推理題。題目問的是“在解決飲酒問題上，一些當地政府”。由文章第三段第五句“Afterall，governmentcam—paignsandpublichealthadvertisementsplayedsomeroleinthede—clineinsmoking．”可知：畢竟，政府的宣傳和公眾健康的廣告在減少吸煙上起到了一定的作用，從中可推論出在青少年的禁酒問題上，當地政府會效仿禁煙的廣告來提高公眾的意識，這與B項內容相符。故選B。54．Whatisthebestsolutiontoexcessivedrinkingaccordingtotheauthor?A．Raisingthelegaldrinkingage.B．Banningalcoholconsumptioninpublicplaces.C．Placingpublichealthadvertisements.D．Raisingtaxesonalcoholicdrinks.正確答案：D解析：細節題。題目問的是“在作者看來，解決大量飲酒的最好的方法是什么?”。由文章第四段第一句“Asurersolutionistoraisethecostofalcoholbyincreasingtaxes．”和文章的最后一句話“RaisingthecostofdrinkingisthebesthopeofmakingaSaturdaynightinCroydonmorepeaceful．”可看出，作者認為最好的解決辦法就是提高飲酒的成本，這與D項內容相符。故選D。55．Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?A．TheCostofDrinkingB．HowtoSoberThemUpC．DrinkingandCrimeinBritainD．TheSearchforHappyHour正確答案：B解析：主旨題。題目問的是“文章最好的標題是什么?”。文章主要講述了英國青少年的飲酒與犯罪問題，其后談到英國政府在限制飲酒問題上所采取的一些措施，以期恢復英國社會的穩定，所以本題的正確答案為B。Thetwobooks,FinalExam:ASurgeon’sReflectionsonMortalitybyPaulineChen,andBetter:ASurgeon’sNotesonPerformancebyAtulGawande,areremarkablyhonestandhumanaccounts,bothdescribingprofessionalmomentsoffear,guilt,embarrassmentandhumor.Thetwoauthors,bothHarvard-educatedsurgeons,admittocasesofpersonalfailureandcallontheirfellowmedicstoreflectcontinuouslyonhowtheycanimprovethewaytheirprofessionispracticed.PaulineChen’sprojectisadiscussionofappropriateend-of-lifecare.Sheprobesintothequestionofwhysurgeonscanseemunfeelingandslowlyteasesaparttheanswerthatitisbroughtaboutbyadoctor’straining.Inherview,medicalstudentsshouldlearntotrivializedeathenoughtocopebuthumanizeitenoughtohelp,andtheirformaleducationcatersdisproportionatelytotheformer.AtulGa