Unit5HumansandNatureLesson3RacetothePole2022-2023學年高一英語北師大版(2019)必修第二冊同步課時訓練一、填空.Theelephanthadheardthe(distance)alarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged..Mr.Smithwasthefirst(leave)onSeptember10th..(anxious),shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn*tfit..(base)onarealstory,thefilmwasverymoving..Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthat(explore)..Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreaksometradebannersbetweenthem.twaswith(sincere)andfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmonious(和諧的)atmosphere..Thereisalabelattachedtothebottle,which(say)"takethreepillsatime;threetimesaday"..Drinkingwaterreallycankeepyou(cheer).lO.BythetimeSpanish(explore)arrivedinCentralAmericainthelate1400s,peoplehadmadehotandcoldchocolatedrinkswithspices.二、七選五UrbanWildlifeCitiesarediverseecosystems.Inadditiontovisitors,alargenumberofspeciesshareoururbanareas.Asourcitiesspread,weneedtothinkaboutwhatitislikeforotherspeciestohavehumanneighbors.Citiesarebuiltforhumans.①Forexample,mostcityparksarekeptneatandtidysothathumanswillfindthembeautiful.Butwhenwecutgrassorplants,wedestroynaturalhabitats,whichleadstotheimbalanceofecology.②WhenabridgeinAustin,Texaswasrepaired,engineersaddedsmallgapsrunningalongthelengthofitsbottom.Thismadeagoodhomeforbats,andsoonthebridgewashometothousandsofbats.(3)Now,theyhaveetovaluetheirwingedneighbors.Thebatsbeeatouristattraction,andtheyeatlotsofbugseverynight.Therearealsostructuresbuiltwiththeaimofbringingwildlifeintothecity.TheBeijingOlympicForestParkisagoodexample.Theparkusednativeplants,andcreatedopenandnaturalspacesforwildlife.TheresultisazoneinBeijingwithover160speciesofbirds.Inmanyways,theparkistheoppositeofazoo.④Ifwelearntoshareourspace,wecanbeebetterneighborsofthewildlifearoundus.⑤Ourownfuturewillbeendangeredtoo.Theyarebuilttoprotectbirds.Ouractionssometimeshelpotherspecies.Ifwedonot,morespecieswillbeeextinct.Theydonotalwaysprovidesuitablehabitatsforwildlife.Insteadofbeingkeptincages,wildlifecanmovemorefreely.Atfirst,peoplewereafraidofthebatsandtriedtogetridofthem.Theywouldsitonitandtheirdroppingswouldfallintothewater.三、閱讀理解Inthepast50years,theamountofwaterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneupmorethanfourfold.Incoastalwaterbodies,includingrivermouthsandseas,low-oxygensiteshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldsince1950.ScientistsexpectoxygentocontinuedroppingevenoutsidethesezonesastheEarthwarms."Oxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheocean,nsaidDeniseBreitburg,amarineecologistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenter.nThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth'senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotels,restaurants,taxisandeverythingelse.Thereverberations（影響）ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”InareastraditionallycalledHdeadzones11,likethoseinChesapeakeBayandtheGulfofMexico,oxygenplummets（暴跌）tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbeesmallerandthey'reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.Buttheproblemgoesfarbeyond"deadzones”.Evensmalleroxygendeclinecanpreventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproductionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.Italsocancausethereleaseofdangerouschemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenhousegasupto300timesmorepowerfulthancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimalscanboomin"deadzones'1,overallbiodiversityfalls.Climatechangeisthekeycriminalintheopenocean.Warmingsurfacewatersmakeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinsideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdslessoxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnutrientpollutionfromlandcreatesalgalblooms,whichrunoutofoxygenastheydieandbreakdown.People'slivelihoodsarealsoontheline,thescientistsreported,especiallyindevelopingnations.Smallerfisheries（漁場）maybeunabletorelocatewhenlowoxygendestroystheirharvestsorforcesfishtomoveelsewhere.Sowehumanshavetocarryonawarnowandwinthewar.l.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxygen.B.Theamountofseawaterisincreasing.C.Thecoastalwaterbodiesaredangerous.D.TheEarthbeeswarmerandwarmer.2.WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg'swords?A.Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.B.Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.C.Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.D.Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentproblem.3.Howdoesthe"deadzone"affectseaanimals?A.Itoffersmorefood.B.Itformsdangerousgas.C.Itreducestheirlivingareas.D.Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.4.Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?A.Byclosingsmallerfisheries.B.Bycontrollinghumans1badactivities.C.Byimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.D.Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.答案以及解析一、填空.答案：distant解析：考查形容詞。句意：大象聽到了遠處動物的告警聲，它的心情突然變了。根據句意可知此處用形容詞修飾alarmcallso.答案：toleave解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意:史密斯先生是9月10日第一個離開的。thefirsttodosth.第一個做某事的,thefirst后常用不定式作定語。.答案：Anxiously解析：考查副詞。句意：她焦急地從包裹里拿出那件衣服試穿，卻發現它不合身。根據句意可知此處用副詞作狀語。.答案：Based解析：考查過去分詞。此處為過去分詞短語作狀語,bebasedon…建立在……基礎上。.答案：exploration解析：考查名詞。句意：高中一般不鼓勵學生探索生活的新方面，而大學為那種探索鋪平了道路。根據句意可知此處用名詞，exploration表示”探索；探究，.答案：down解析：考查固定短語。句意：這兩個國家將舉行會談以消除它們之間的一些貿易壁壘。breakdown消除，thefirst后常用不定式作定語。故填down。.答案：sincerity解析：考查名詞。句意：我們用真誠和忠誠創造了一種和諧的氣氛。根據句意及空后andfaithfulness提示可知此處用名詞。.答案：says解析：考查時態和主謂一致。句意:瓶子上貼著一個標簽，上面寫著“一次吃三片;一天三次、which引導定語從句，先行詞為alabel,所以從句謂語用第三人稱單數形式，根據is可知此處應使用一般現在時，故填sayso.答案：cheerful解析：考查形容詞。句意：喝水真的能讓你保持愉快。分析句子可知此處包含”keepsb.+a力”結構，故用形容詞作補語。.答案：explorers解析：考查詞性轉換。句意:當西班牙探險家在15世紀晚期到達中美洲時，人們已經會用香料制作熱的和冷的巧克力飲料了。根據句意可知此處用名詞，且其前沒有限定詞，所以用復數。二、七選五答案：①-⑤DBFEC解析：解析：本文是一篇說明文,介紹了作者對人類城市與野生動物關系的思考。①由空前的Citiesarebuiltforhumans.和空后舉的例子可知，城市并不總是為野生動物提供合適的住所。故選D。②此處設空在段首,考慮到段首句的作用，往往為主題句;由后面細節句…engineersaddedsmallgapsrunningalongthelengthofitsbottom…可知，我們人類的行為有時是可以幫助到其他物種的。故選Bo③根據空后句的時間標志詞可以判斷設空處所填句子與后文內容存在時間節點的對照關系。故選FoAtfirst與后面的Now形成對比。④空前句Inmanyways,theparkistheoppositeofazoo.中的opposite與E項中的Insteadof形成意義上的呼應。故選E。⑤上文談及人類與野生動物共享城市空間的好處，空后句所涉及內容與空前句意思相反，結合空后句的標志詞too可知這里在說與空前內容相反的內容。故選C。三、閱讀理解答案：1-4.ABCB解析：本文是一篇說明文。由于人類活動的影響導致全球變暖，氣候變化影響到了海洋生物的生存，又反作用于人類的生計，人類必須采取措施應對此問題。.主旨大意題。通過第一段我們知道了海洋面臨的現狀:在過去的50年里，海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧場所自1950年以來增加了十多倍。通過這些現狀，科學家預計，隨著地球變暖，即使在這些區域之外,氧氣也會繼續下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧氣。故