Section10.23合資合作

Joint-ventureandCo-operation

I.要點(diǎn)概述MainPoints1.Whatisajointventure?1.Whatisajointventure?

Ajointventure(JV)isanentityformedbetweentwoormorepartiestoundertakeeconomicactivitytogether.Thepartiesagreetocreateanewentitybybothcontributingequity,andtheythenshareintherevenues,expenses,andcontroloftheenterprise.Theventurecanbeforonespecificprojectonly,oracontinuingbusinessrelationshipsuchastheSonyEricssonjointventure.Thisisincontrasttoastrategicalliance,whichinvolvesnoequitystakebytheparticipants,andisamuchlessrigidarrangement.Asthephrasejointventuregenerallyreferstothepurposeoftheentityandnottoatypeofentity,ajointventuremaybeacorporation,alimitedliabilitycompany,partnershiporotherlegalstructure,dependingonanumberofconsiderationssuchastaxandtortliability.2.Whatisaco-operativeenterprise?

Cooperationorco-operationmeansthecombinationofpersonsforpurposesofproduction,purchase,ordistributionfortheirjointbenefit.Co-operativeenterpriseisaspecialtypeofbusinessenterprisewhichisbotheconomicandsocialincharacter.Suchenterprisesareautonomousassociationsofpersonsunitedvoluntarilytomeettheircommoneconomic,socialandculturalneedsthroughajointly-ownedanddemocraticallycontrolledenterprise.Co-operativesarebasedonthevaluesofself-help,self-responsibility,democracy,equality,equityandsolidarity.Theco-operativeformofenterprisehasbeenchosentomaximizethebenefitsofproduction,processingandmarketing,andtobenefitconsumersandworkers.However,themostsignificantcontributionofco-operativeenterprisesistheirabilitytoprovideemployment.3.Whatarethemainreasonsforformingajointventure?

Therearemanyreasonsforestablishingajointventure.Firstly,peoplesetupjointventuresforthepurposesofbuildingoncompany’sstrengths,spreadingcostsandrisks,improvingaccesstofinancialresources,achievingeconomiesofscaleandadvantagesofsize,havingaccesstonotonlynewtechnologiesandcustomersbutalsoinnovativemanagerialpractices.Secondly,theyhavetheircompetitivegoalsincludinginfluencingstructuralevolutionoftheindustry,pre-emptingcompetition,makingdefensiveresponsetoblurringindustryboundaries,realizingthecreationofstrongercompetitiveunits,raisingthespeedtomarket,andenjoyingimprovedagility.Finally,theyhavetheirstrategicgoals.Theydesiretoobtainsynergies,achievethetransferoftechnologyandskills,andrealizesatisfactoryresultofdiversification.II.商界名言BusinessSayings

1.Nothingstake,nothingdraw.不下賭注，就別想贏。2.Troublesnevercomesingly.福無(wú)雙至，禍不單行。3.Preferlosstounjustgain.寧可吃虧，不貪便宜。4.Holdyourshouldertothewheel.鼎力相助。5.Amancannotwhistleanddrinkatthesametime.一心不能二用。6.Thedaintiesofthegreatarethetearsofthepoor.富人口中的美味，窮人眼中的淚水。III.核心詞語(yǔ)CoreWordsandPhrases(omitted)要求課前背誦重要術(shù)語(yǔ)IV.經(jīng)典句式TypicalSentences(omitted)要求首先思考如何翻譯？有多少不同的路徑？變換詞性、主語(yǔ)、從句會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么不同的效果？TranslatethefollowingletterintoEnglish.

敬啟者：相信貴方已收到我方5月20日的解釋嬰兒用品優(yōu)點(diǎn)的去函。我方非常誠(chéng)摯的渴望得到貴方坦率的答復(fù)，無(wú)論如何，我方望沒(méi)有收到貴方回音的事實(shí)是意味著貴方是對(duì)我方感到完全滿意的客戶之一。或許有些要點(diǎn)在我方去函中沒(méi)有解釋清楚，如果是這樣，我方將很樂(lè)意為貴公司提供進(jìn)一步的資料。我們相信，我方產(chǎn)品最終將會(huì)吸引貴方注意并引起貴方的興趣。謹(jǐn)上DearSirs,WetrustuptopresentyouhavereceivedourletterofMay20inwhichweexplainedtheadvantagesofourarticlesforbabies.Wearesincerelydesirousofgettingyourfrankreply.However,wehopethefactthatwehavenotheardfromyoumeansthatyouareoneofourcustomerswhohavefeltcompletelysatisfactory.Therearepossiblysomepointsthatwedidnotmakeclearinthatletter.Ifso,wearepleasedtosupplyanyfurtherinformationtoyou.Webelieveourproductswilleventuallyattractyourattentionandarouseyourinterest.Yoursfaithfully,V.段落寫譯ParagraphWritingandTranslating1.不言而喻，合資企業(yè)涉及復(fù)雜的法律手續(xù)以及有關(guān)投資比率、紅利分配、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理等方面的種種準(zhǔn)備工作。我們希望你們來(lái)信告知有關(guān)此事的具體細(xì)節(jié)，以便我們進(jìn)一步研究。1.不言而喻，合資企業(yè)涉及復(fù)雜的法律手續(xù)以及有關(guān)投資比率、紅利分配、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理等方面的種種準(zhǔn)備工作。我們希望你們來(lái)信告知有關(guān)此事的具體細(xì)節(jié)，以便我們進(jìn)一步研究。Itisunderstoodthatjointventureinvolvescomplicatedproceduresaswellasarrangementsrelatingtothepercentageofcontributions,distributionofdividendsandmanagement,etc.,ofwhichweshouldliketohearfulldetailsfromyousothatwemaygofurtherintothematter.2.合作企業(yè)可以在經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍內(nèi)，進(jìn)口本企業(yè)需要的物資，出口本企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。2.合作企業(yè)可以在經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍內(nèi)，進(jìn)口本企業(yè)需要的物資，出口本企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。

Acontractualjointventuremay,withinitsapprovedscopeofoperation,importmaterialsitneedsandexportproductsitproduces.3.合營(yíng)公司的組織形式是有限責(zé)任公司。合營(yíng)公司的每一方都要以各自認(rèn)繳的出資額對(duì)合營(yíng)公司的債務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。合營(yíng)各方按其資本中的比例分享合營(yíng)公司的利潤(rùn)，分擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和虧損。3.合營(yíng)公司的組織形式是有限責(zé)任公司。合營(yíng)公司的每一方都要以各自認(rèn)繳的出資額對(duì)合營(yíng)公司的債務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。合營(yíng)各方按其資本中的比例分享合營(yíng)公司的利潤(rùn)，分擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和虧損。Theorganizationformofthejointventurecompanyisalimitedliabilitycompany.Eachpartytothejointventurecompanyisliabletothejointventurecompanywithinthelimitofthecapitalsubscribedbyit.Theprofits,risksandlossesofthejointventurecompanyshallbesharedbythepartiesinproportiontotheircontributionsoftheregisteredcapital.4.關(guān)于合資企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品銷售問(wèn)題，我們可以接受部分產(chǎn)品內(nèi)銷，但以產(chǎn)品總額的30%為限。其余百分之七十由貴方包銷，在中國(guó)境外銷售，其價(jià)格應(yīng)符合國(guó)際市場(chǎng)水平，其中包括給與貴方的合理的銷售利潤(rùn)。4.關(guān)于合資企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品銷售問(wèn)題，我們可以接受部分產(chǎn)品內(nèi)銷，但以產(chǎn)品總額的30%為限。其余百分之七十由貴方包銷，在中國(guó)境外銷售，其價(jià)格應(yīng)符合國(guó)際市場(chǎng)水平，其中包括給與貴方的合理的銷售利潤(rùn)。Withrespecttomarketingtheproductsofthejointventure,wewouldagreetoallocatingaportionofthemforsaleinthehomemarket,buttheamountshallnotexceed30percentofthetotalproduction.Theremaining70percentshallbemarketedexclusivelybyyououtsideChinaatpricesinlinewiththepricelevelintheinternationalmarketandincludingareasonableprofitforyou.5.甲乙任何一方如向第三方轉(zhuǎn)讓其全部或部分出資額，須經(jīng)另一方同意，并報(bào)審批機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)。5.甲乙任何一方如向第三方轉(zhuǎn)讓其全部或部分出資額，須經(jīng)另一方同意，并報(bào)審批機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)。Incaseanypartytotheventureintendstoassignallorpartofhisinvestmentsubscribedtoathirdparty,consentshallbeobtainedfromtheotherpartytotheventure,andapprovalfromtheexaminationandapprovalauthoritiesisrequired.VI.討論評(píng)估DiscussionandAssessment

無(wú)論是商務(wù)英語(yǔ)寫作還是商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯，都要力求結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、層次分明。下面以某公司網(wǎng)站關(guān)于主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)的中英文介紹為例，通過(guò)原文原譯的對(duì)比分析，看看翻譯的質(zhì)量是否可以采用寫作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量？而寫作的目的是否可以通過(guò)翻譯的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)？如果原文存在層次不清的現(xiàn)象，又該如何處理？某公司網(wǎng)站主頁(yè)譯寫分析：我公司積極開展國(guó)際合作，廣泛吸收及轉(zhuǎn)化國(guó)外技術(shù)及服務(wù)理念，形成了自身獨(dú)特并具有較強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的核心技術(shù)能力、項(xiàng)目管理能力、裝備制造集成能力和專業(yè)化的第三方服務(wù)能力，積極開展與國(guó)外著名專業(yè)公司的項(xiàng)目合作。原譯：Wecarriedoutinternationalcooperationactively,widelyabsorbedandtranslatedexcellenttechnologiesandmanagementconceptsfromthewholeworld.Shebuiltupherspecialabilitiesoftechnologyinnovation,marketcompetition,projectmanagement,equipmentsmanufactureandspecializationfacilitiesmaintenance.Weclosecooperatewithfamousprofessionalcompanyofoverseasandcontractedalotofdomesticproject.原文的主語(yǔ)為“我公司”，隱含了一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，即通過(guò)“積極開展國(guó)際合作，廣泛吸收及轉(zhuǎn)化”才“形成了”自身的多種能力，從而能夠“積極開展與國(guó)外”的合作，但原譯沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)這層關(guān)系，反而一會(huì)兒用We做主語(yǔ)，一會(huì)兒又用She做主語(yǔ)，導(dǎo)致整個(gè)譯文句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。從用詞方面看，“開展國(guó)際合作”被譯成carriedoutinternationalcooperation，中文的“開展”在此實(shí)際上是“參與”，而不是單方面可以carriedout的；“轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)”被譯成translated“翻譯技術(shù)”；“理念”是一種思想觀念，但不等于concept“概念”，而且，原文中“理念”是可以“接受”或“理解”但不是那么好“轉(zhuǎn)化”的；嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力”也不是自發(fā)“形成”的，而是通過(guò)“廣泛吸收”才得以enhence/strengthen“強(qiáng)化”的既然是“國(guó)外技術(shù)”自然就不包括中國(guó)的，便不應(yīng)該譯成thewholeworld“全世界”；“核心技術(shù)能力”和“第三方服務(wù)能力”在原譯中均未得到體現(xiàn)；Weclosecooperate中的close有“關(guān)閉、結(jié)束、親近、密切、靠近、臨近”與它后面的動(dòng)詞cooperate無(wú)法搭配，如果推定為“密切合作”就應(yīng)該使用closelycooperate“密切地合作”或closecooperation“密切的合作”，“國(guó)外著名專業(yè)公司”譯成companyofoverseas何不干脆譯成overseascompanies/companiesabroad/foreigncompanies/companiesoverseas?建議改寫：By

activelyparticipatingininternationalbusinessrelationsweare

now

extensivelyabsorbingandtransferringforeigntechnology,introducingtheirserviceideology.

Wehavestrengthenedthemarketcompetitivenessofourownbusiness,namely,ourcapability

todevelopcoretechnology,provideprojectmanagement,integrateequipmentandmanufacturing,andofferspecializedthird-party-services.

Wehave

thusstartedactiveprojectcooperationwiththemost

famousprofessionalcorporationsabroad.VII.應(yīng)用寫作AppliedWritingA.Writetoacertainforeigncompanyexpressingyourinterestinestablishingajointventurea)introduceyourowncompany;b)advantagesofajointventure;c)favorablepolices;d)relevantlaws;e)salesproblems.B.Samplewriting

SelectedRulesfortheImplementationoftheLawonContractualJointVentures1.TheestablishmentofaSino-foreigncontractualjointventure(hereinafterreferredtoascontractualJV)withintheChineseterritoryshallconformtothenationaldevelopmentpolicyandindustrialpolicy,andabidebytheStateinstructivedirectoryonforeigninvestment.2.ContractualJVsshallindependentlycarryoutitsbusinessactivitiesandmanagementthescopestipulatedinthecontractualJVagreement,andcontractandarticlesofassociation,andarenotsubjecttointerferencefromanyorganizationorindividual.3.Businesslicensesofallpartiesoftheventure,theirregistrationcertificates,creditcertificatesandvalidcertificatesofthelegalrepresentatives;incasetheforeignpartyisanaturalperson,validcertificatesofidentification,curriculumvitaeandcreditconditions.4.ThecontractualJVcontractmentionedinthisdetailedrulesreferstothewrittendocumentagreeduponandconcludedbyallpartiesontheirrightsandobligationsforestablishingtheventure.5.ThecontractualJVarticlesofassociationmentionedinthisdetailedrulesreferstothewrittendocumentdraftedaccordingtothejointventurecontractandagreeduponbyallpartiesonmattersincludingtheorganizationalprinciples,operationandmanagementmethods.6.Composition,dutiesandpowers,andrulesofproceduresfortheboardofdirectorsorthejointmanagementcommittee,termofofficeforthedirectorsoftheboardorcommitteemembers,anddutiesofthechairman,deputy-chairmanoftheboardorthedirector,deputy-directorofthejointmanagementcommittee.7.ThetotalamountofinvestmentofacontractualJVreferstothetotalsumofcapitalrequiredbytheproductionandoperationscaleregulatedintheJVcontractandarticlesofassociation.8.TheregisteredcapitalofacontractualJVshallnotbedecreasedwithinthetermofcooperation.Incaseitisabsolutelynecessarytodecreasetheregisteredcapitalbecauseofchangesinthetotalamountofinvestmentandproductionandoperationscale,approvalshallbeobtainedfromexaminationandapprovalauthorities.9.IfacontractualJVchoosestoentrustathirdpartytooperateandmanagetheventureafteritsestablishment,unanimousagreementoftheboardofdirectorsorjointmanagementcommitteeisneeded,andanentrustmentoperationandmanagementcontractwiththeentrustedpartyneedstobesigned.10.Ifallpartiesagreetoextendthetermuponitsexpiration,anapplicationforextensionshallbefiledwiththeexaminationandapprovalauthorities180dayspriortotheexpirationdate,statinghowthecurrentcontractualJVcontractiscarriedoutandreasonsforextendingtheterm,togetherwithanagreementbyallpartiesonissuessuchasrightsandobligationsofeachpartyduringtheextensionperiod.Whatisthedefinitionofjointventure?Whydowehavetosetupsomejointventureenterprises?Howtowritealettertoexpressyourintendancetoestablishajointventure?Chinaisnowonherwaytoachievingmodernization.Besidesself-relianceandthetappingofallpotentialsasherprinciple,sheneedstoabsorbadvancedtechnologyandforeigninvestmenttohelpspeeduphersocialistconstruction.JointventureisoneifthemeasuressuitabletoChina'sneeds.2TheestablishmentofjointventureenterprisesenablesChinatostudyadvancedscientificmanagement,toimproveproductqualitysoastomakeChina'sexportcommoditiescompetitiveintheoverseasmarkets.3Jointventureenterprisesa)EquityJointVentureb)ContractualJointVenturec)JointExplorationofChina'sOffshoreOilAccordingtotheUnitedNationsIndustryDevelopmentOrganization,jointventuremeansanenterprisejointlyestablishedandrunbyinvestorsofdifferentnationalitiesforthepurposeofgainingprofit.Basically,therearetwotypesofjointventures,namelyEquityJointVentureandContractualJointVenture.InChina,however,inadditiontotheforeigntwotypes,JointExplorationisalsowithinthecategoryofjointventure.我們歡迎貴方以機(jī)器設(shè)備和技術(shù)作為合營(yíng)企業(yè)投資的一部分。當(dāng)然，這樣的設(shè)備和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是先進(jìn)的，而且是適合我國(guó)需要的。我們將組織技術(shù)人員和工人很好地學(xué)習(xí)技能和技術(shù)，并能掌握它們，不斷提高業(yè)務(wù)水平。我們歡迎貴方以機(jī)器設(shè)備和技術(shù)作為合營(yíng)企業(yè)投資的一部分。當(dāng)然，這樣的設(shè)備和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是先進(jìn)的，而且是適合我國(guó)需要的。我們將組織技術(shù)人員和工人很好地學(xué)習(xí)技能和技術(shù)，并能掌握它們，不斷提高業(yè)務(wù)水平。Wewelcomeyourintentiontousemachineryandtechnologyasapartofyourinvestmentinthejoinventure.Ofcourse,suchequipmentandtechnologyshallbetrulyadvancedand,furthermore,suitedtoChina'sneeds.Weshallmakearrangementsforourtechniciansandworkerstolearnwelltheskillsandtechniquessothattheymaymasterthemandraisetheirprofessionalproficiencyatalltimes.我們希望，建立合營(yíng)企業(yè)可以為擴(kuò)大出口創(chuàng)造有利條件。我們并不諱言，我們的出口產(chǎn)品，在品種、規(guī)格、包裝、包潢等方面，還不能完全適應(yīng)國(guó)際需要。我們希望在外國(guó)投資者的合作下，將能改善我們出口產(chǎn)品的狀況，提高產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。我們希望，建立合營(yíng)企業(yè)可以為擴(kuò)大出口創(chuàng)造有利條件。我們并不諱言，我們的出口產(chǎn)品，在品種、規(guī)格、包裝、包潢等方面，還不能完全適應(yīng)國(guó)際需要。我們希望在外國(guó)投資者的合作下，將能改善我們出口產(chǎn)品的狀況，提高產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。Wehopethattheestablishmentofjointventureswillcreatefavorableconditionsforexpansionofourexports.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatourexportcommoditiesarenotyetquitesuitedtoheneedsofinternationalmarketsinvariety,specification,packing,packaging,etc.Wehope,however,thatwiththecooperationofforeignparticipants,weshallbeabletoimprovethesituationofourexportcommoditiesandtoraisetheircompetitivenessintheworldmarket.TheproductsofthejointventurecompanyshallbesoldbothonChines