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TheartofpublicspeakingAnIntroductionto1.TheartofpublicspeakingAnOutlineWhatispublicspeaking?HistoryofpublicspeakingStagefright7basicelementsofcommunicationprocessCommonstructureofaspeechTypesofspeechesInformativespeech2.OutlineWhatispublicspeakingPublicSpeakingavitalmeansofcommunicationawayofmakingyourideaspublic–ofsharingthemwithotherpeopleandofinfluencingotherpeopletheart,process,oractofeffectivelyaddressingthepublictoinform,persuadeorentertainthem3.PublicSpeakingavitalmeansoHistoryofPublicSpeakingAristotle:Fatherofrhetoric(修辭學/辨術) ThepracticeofpublicspeakingtoattainagoalbyusingpersuasivetacticsItwasnotuntilthe5thcenturyBCthatrootsofrhetoricwereplantedforittobecomeanartformbyteachers,calledSophists(wisdombearer智者/詭辯家)4.HistoryofPublicSpeakingArisAccordingtoAristotleEvidenceinpersuasivemessagesismosteffectiveinthesource’s ethos藝術作品中的客觀因素:credibility pathos激起憐憫的因素:emotionalappeal logos理念,理性:logicalappeal5.AccordingtoAristotleEvidence2ofthemostnotablerhetoriciansofancientRomeCicero(西塞羅)(106-432BC):believedthatawellroundededucationintheliberalartswouldenablespeakerstospeakwithknowledgeandexpressivenessQuintilian(昆提利安)(35-95AD):wasinterestedinpreparingoratorswhospokeeloquently,exhibitinggoodmoralcharacterandethics6.2ofthemostnotablerhetoricModernfamousspeakersFranklinRooseveltMartinLutherKingMargaretThatcherNelsonMandela…etc.Video:Greatmomentsfromfamousspeakers7.ModernfamousspeakersFranklinSimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationOrganizingthoughtslogicallyTailoringthemessagetotheaudienceTellingastoryformaximumimpactAdaptingtolistenerfeedback8.SimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpDifferencesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationPublicspeakingismorehighlystructuredPublicspeakingrequiresmore

formallanguagePublicspeakingrequiresa

differentmethodofdelivery9.DifferencesBetweenPublicSpeStageFrightAnxietyovertheprospectofgivingaspeechinfrontofanaudienceFearofpublicspeakingandfearofdeathrank#1inmostsurveysaskingpeopleoftheirfear10.StageFrightAnxietyoverthepWhatCausesStageFright?inadequatepreparationfearofbeingjudgedunfamiliaritywiththeaudienceortheenvironmentlackofknowledgeaboutpublicspeakingfeelingsofinadequacyfearoftheunknownnegativepastexperiences11.WhatCausesStageFright?inadImportantUnderstandings

AboutStageFrightItisnormal.Almosteveryoneexperiencessomenervousnessaboutspeakinginsomesituations.

Itismostlyinternal.Youwillusuallyfeelmorenervousthanyoulook.Ormentalstress.12.ImportantUnderstandings

AboutImportantUnderstandings

AboutStageFrightAnxietycanbeuseful.Yournervousnesscancreateaheightenedstateofreadiness,allowingyoutoperformbetterthanyoumightotherwise.Itcanbemanaged.Whileyoumaynevereliminatethenervousnessyoufeel,youcandealwithitanddeliverasuccessfulspeechinspiteofit.13.ImportantUnderstandings

AboutReducingSpeechAnxietyKnowyouraudienceSelectanappropriatetopicRe-createthespeechenvironmentwhenyourehearseKnowyourintroductionandconclusionBeorganizedUsevisualaids14.ReducingSpeechAnxietyKnowyoReducingSpeechAnxietyAcquirespeakingexperienceThinkpositivelyUsethepowerofvisualizationKnowthatmostnervousnessisnotvisibleDon’texpectperfectionPrepare,prepare,prepare15.ReducingSpeechAnxietyAcquireVideo:CarlyFiorinaandHP16.Video:CarlyFiorinaandHP16.7BasicElementsofCommunicationProcessSource(Speaker):transmitsideasofinformationtothereceiverMessage:theinformationorideasconveyedtothereceiverChannel:themeansbywhichthemessageissenttothereceiverReceiver(Audience):whomthemessageissent17.7BasicElementsofCommunicatFeedback:verbalandnonverbalresponsetoamessageNoise:theinterferenceorbarriersduringthetransmittalofamessageContext:time,space,occasion,andtheenvironmentofaspeech18.Feedback:verbalandnonverbalCommonStructureofaSpeechWelcometheaudienceIntroducethesubjectExplainthestructureofyourspeechPresentthesubjectitselfSummarizeyourspeechThanktheaudienceInvitequestions19.CommonStructureofaSpeechWeTypesofSpeechesInformativespeech:speechtoeducateanaudienceaboutatopicPersuasivespeech:speechthatattemptstoswaytheattitudes,beliefsorvaluesofanaudienceSpeakingonspecial

occasions:introduction,presentation,acceptance,etc.20.TypesofSpeechesInformativesSpeakingtoInform

Aspeechdesignedtoconveyknowledgeandunderstanding.21.SpeakingtoInform

AspeechdeTypesofInformativeSpeechesSpeechesaboutobjectsSpeechesaboutprocessesSpeechesabouteventsSpeechesaboutconcepts22.TypesofInformativeSpeechesSInformativeSpeechAboutanObjectSpecificPurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajoralternative-fuelcarsnowbeingdeveloped.I. Onekindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbyelectricity.II. Asecondkindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbymethanol甲醇.III. Athirdkindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbyhydrogen.23.InformativeSpeechAboutanObInformativeSpeechAboutaProcessSpecificPurpose:Toinformmyaudiencehowabatik(蠟染色的)fabricisprinted.I.Thedesignisfirstsketchedonthe

paper.II.Awaxresist防蝕蠟(蝕刻用)isappliedtothefabricwhereveryoudon’twantthedye染色topenetrate.III.Thefabricisthendippedinthedye.IV.Whenthefabricisdried,thewaxresist

isremoved.24.InformativeSpeechAboutaPro

InformativeSpeechAboutanEventSpecificPurpose:Toinformmyaudienceabouttheeventsinwomen’sgymnastics體操,體育.I.Thefloorexercise自由體操combinesdancing,acrobatics雜技,andtumbling

摔跤，翻筋斗.II.Thevault跳馬featuresexplosivestrengthanddramaticmidairmaneuvers.III.Thebalancebeamrequiresprecise

routinesandperfectcoordination.IV.Theunevenparallelbarsdemandgreat

strength,flexibility,andagility敏捷.25.InformativeSpeechAboutanEInformativeSpeechAboutaConceptSpecificPurpose:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthebasicprinciplesofIslam.I.Islamwasfoundedbytheprophet

Muhammadintheearly600s.II.TheteachingsofIslamarewritteninthe

Koran,theholybookofIslam.III.TodayIslamisdividedintoanumberof

sects,thelargestofwhicharethe

Sunnis遜尼派教徒andtheShiites什葉派教徒.Video:FengShui(pp714.1)26.InformativeSpeechAboutaConGuidelinesforInformativeSpeakingDon’toverestimatewhattheaudienceknowsRelatethesubjectdirectlytotheaudienceDon’tbetootechnicalAvoidabstractionsPersonalizeyourideasVideo:TheGreatWallofChina(pp6A2.1)27.GuidelinesforInformativeSpeFurtherreadingTheArtofPublicSpeaking byStephenE.Lucas 《演講的藝術》28.FurtherreadingTheArtofPublTheartofpublicspeakingAnIntroductionto29.TheartofpublicspeakingAnOutlineWhatispublicspeaking?HistoryofpublicspeakingStagefright7basicelementsofcommunicationprocessCommonstructureofaspeechTypesofspeechesInformativespeech30.OutlineWhatispublicspeakingPublicSpeakingavitalmeansofcommunicationawayofmakingyourideaspublic–ofsharingthemwithotherpeopleandofinfluencingotherpeopletheart,process,oractofeffectivelyaddressingthepublictoinform,persuadeorentertainthem31.PublicSpeakingavitalmeansoHistoryofPublicSpeakingAristotle:Fatherofrhetoric(修辭學/辨術) ThepracticeofpublicspeakingtoattainagoalbyusingpersuasivetacticsItwasnotuntilthe5thcenturyBCthatrootsofrhetoricwereplantedforittobecomeanartformbyteachers,calledSophists(wisdombearer智者/詭辯家)32.HistoryofPublicSpeakingArisAccordingtoAristotleEvidenceinpersuasivemessagesismosteffectiveinthesource’s ethos藝術作品中的客觀因素:credibility pathos激起憐憫的因素:emotionalappeal logos理念,理性:logicalappeal33.AccordingtoAristotleEvidence2ofthemostnotablerhetoriciansofancientRomeCicero(西塞羅)(106-432BC):believedthatawellroundededucationintheliberalartswouldenablespeakerstospeakwithknowledgeandexpressivenessQuintilian(昆提利安)(35-95AD):wasinterestedinpreparingoratorswhospokeeloquently,exhibitinggoodmoralcharacterandethics34.2ofthemostnotablerhetoricModernfamousspeakersFranklinRooseveltMartinLutherKingMargaretThatcherNelsonMandela…etc.Video:Greatmomentsfromfamousspeakers35.ModernfamousspeakersFranklinSimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationOrganizingthoughtslogicallyTailoringthemessagetotheaudienceTellingastoryformaximumimpactAdaptingtolistenerfeedback36.SimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpDifferencesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversationPublicspeakingismorehighlystructuredPublicspeakingrequiresmore

formallanguagePublicspeakingrequiresa

differentmethodofdelivery37.DifferencesBetweenPublicSpeStageFrightAnxietyovertheprospectofgivingaspeechinfrontofanaudienceFearofpublicspeakingandfearofdeathrank#1inmostsurveysaskingpeopleoftheirfear38.StageFrightAnxietyoverthepWhatCausesStageFright?inadequatepreparationfearofbeingjudgedunfamiliaritywiththeaudienceortheenvironmentlackofknowledgeaboutpublicspeakingfeelingsofinadequacyfearoftheunknownnegativepastexperiences39.WhatCausesStageFright?inadImportantUnderstandings

AboutStageFrightItisnormal.Almosteveryoneexperiencessomenervousnessaboutspeakinginsomesituations.

Itismostlyinternal.Youwillusuallyfeelmorenervousthanyoulook.Ormentalstress.40.ImportantUnderstandings

AboutImportantUnderstandings

AboutStageFrightAnxietycanbeuseful.Yournervousnesscancreateaheightenedstateofreadiness,allowingyoutoperformbetterthanyoumightotherwise.Itcanbemanaged.Whileyoumaynevereliminatethenervousnessyoufeel,youcandealwithitanddeliverasuccessfulspeechinspiteofit.41.ImportantUnderstandings

AboutReducingSpeechAnxietyKnowyouraudienceSelectanappropriatetopicRe-createthespeechenvironmentwhenyourehearseKnowyourintroductionandconclusionBeorganizedUsevisualaids42.ReducingSpeechAnxietyKnowyoReducingSpeechAnxietyAcquirespeakingexperienceThinkpositivelyUsethepowerofvisualizationKnowthatmostnervousnessisnotvisibleDon’texpectperfectionPrepare,prepare,prepare43.ReducingSpeechAnxietyAcquireVideo:CarlyFiorinaandHP44.Video:CarlyFiorinaandHP16.7BasicElementsofCommunicationProcessSource(Speaker):transmitsideasofinformationtothereceiverMessage:theinformationorideasconveyedtothereceiverChannel:themeansbywhichthemessageissenttothereceiverReceiver(Audience):whomthemessageissent45.7BasicElementsofCommunicatFeedback:verbalandnonverbalresponsetoamessageNoise:theinterferenceorbarriersduringthetransmittalofamessageContext:time,space,occasion,andtheenvironmentofaspeech46.Feedback:verbalandnonverbalCommonStructureofaSpeechWelcometheaudienceIntroducethesubjectExplainthestructureofyourspeechPresentthesubjectitselfSummarizeyourspeechThanktheaudienceInvitequestions47.CommonStructureofaSpeechWeTypesofSpeechesInformativespeech:speechtoeducateanaudienceaboutatopicPersuasivespeech:speechthatattemptstoswaytheattitudes,beliefsorvaluesofanaudienceSpeakingonspecial

occasions:introduction,presentation,acceptance,etc.48.TypesofSpeechesInformativesSpeakingtoInform

Aspeechdesignedtoconveyknowledgeandunderstanding.49.SpeakingtoInform

AspeechdeTypesofInformativeSpeechesSpeechesaboutobjectsSpeechesaboutprocessesSpeechesabouteventsSpeechesaboutconcepts50.TypesofInformativeSpeechesSInformativeSpeechAboutanObjectSpecificPurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajoralternative-fuelcarsnowbeingdeveloped.I. Onekindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbyelectricity.II. Asecondkindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbymethanol甲醇.III. Athirdkindofalternative-fuelcaris poweredbyhydrogen.51.InformativeSpeechAboutanObInformativeSpeechAboutaProcessSpecificPurpose:Toinformmyaudiencehowabatik(蠟染色的)fabricisprinted.I.Thedesignisfirstsketchedonthe

paper.II.Awaxresist防蝕蠟(蝕刻用)isappliedtothefabricwhereveryoudon’twantthedye染色topenetrate.III.Thefabricisthendippedinthedye.IV.Whenthefabricisdried,

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