托福閱讀中的邏輯關(guān)系詞作者在闡述觀點(diǎn)時(shí)會(huì)大量使用邏輯關(guān)系詞來(lái)組織結(jié)構(gòu)，展開論證。在閱讀過(guò)程中，充分利用邏輯關(guān)系詞（也稱之為語(yǔ)言信號(hào)詞）是定位主旨和查找細(xì)節(jié)信息的重要閱讀應(yīng)試技巧之一。通過(guò)尋找信號(hào)詞可以尋找線索，快速定位答案所在。常見的信號(hào)詞包括以下四類：-Comparison比較關(guān)系詞E.g.Thisapproachisconsideredtobemuchmoreeffectivethanthepreviousone.Mobiletelephonesaremuchthinnerthantheyusedtobe.Australiaisadrycontinent,secondonlytoAntarctica.Ofthevariousstrainsofthiscrop,thisnewhybridproducesbyfarthehighestyields.Mostpeoplestudyingintelligenceandcreativityinthenewmillenniumnowpreferabroaderdefinition.Signalwords:a.同級(jí)比較Equally;inthesameway;likewise,similarlyb.比較級(jí)：morethan,-erthan,lessthanc.變化：change)alter,vary,modify)revise)increase)decrease)enhance)diminish)develop)progress)advance)improve)retreat)degenerate)continue)remaind.差異：different,distinguish,separate,same,similar,comparable,compareto超越：surpass,exceed,excel,over,superiorto最高級(jí)1)本身有最高級(jí)含義：maximum,minimum,peak,outstanding,top2)本身程度比較深：amazing,surprising,astonishing,prohibitivelyhigh,deeply3)否定+比較=最高級(jí)Nooneismoreoutstandingthanhim.g.表示對(duì)比：while,whereas,incomparisonContrast轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞（讓步）轉(zhuǎn)折詞+重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，讓步詞+背景之類的（次重點(diǎn)）E.g.Inrecenttimes,however,thatloftyidealhasnotalwaysbeenattained.Ratherthan=rather=insteadof=nottakeresponsibilityfortheirweight,obesepeoplehaveoftensoughtsolaceintheexcusethattheyhaveaslowmetabolism.Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld'senergyfrommorethan400Butplants.withtheexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Althoughthenumberoflibrariesmultiplied,libraryusersremainedfewinnumberthuntilliteracybecamemorewidespreadduringthe18century.Whilethereisnowbroadagreementabouttheeffectsofhigh-levelradiation,thereiscontroversyoverthelong-termeffectoflow-leveldoses.Signalwords:Conversely,admittedly,ironically,however,while,but,although,bycontrast,despite,eventhough,incontrast,inspiteof,insteadof,instead,nevertheless,nonetheless,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,otherwise,though,rather,yet,whereasCauseandeffect因果關(guān)系詞因：because、becauseof、for、as、by、since、inthat、onaccountof、with果：so、sothat、therefore、thereby、asaresult、hence、thus、consequently、Accordingly,??因果關(guān)系除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達(dá)詞外，隱性的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個(gè)重要部分。隱性因果：A導(dǎo)致（因-果）：cause、reason、leadto、giveriseto、resultin、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce、tempt、encourage、draw、trigger如：Theincreasedpressuresofexpandingpopulationhaveledtotheremovalofwoodyplantssothatmanycitiesandtowaresurroundedbylargeareascompletelylackingintrees.在這段話中，有l(wèi)eadto表示了導(dǎo)致的意思，即結(jié)果，而sothat更進(jìn)一步表示了后面的結(jié)果，所以可以充分判定這段話有因果關(guān)系的邏輯。B由？而來(lái)（果-因）：resultfrom、derivefrom、originatefrom、initiatefrom、stemfrom、beattributableto、attributeto如：Theextremeseriousofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandtremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.”在這段話中，根據(jù)resultfrom可以推斷出有因果關(guān)系，那如果是解釋句子題時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中有因果關(guān)系就可以優(yōu)先考慮。C反映，體現(xiàn)（果-因）：reflect、show、present、demonstrate、suggest、implyD考慮到J:given、considering、inviewof、thanksto、accordingtoHesucceededthanksto（inviewof）hiseffort.E依賴于：relyon、dependon、resorttoHeresortedtobookswhenhehadproblems.F條件關(guān)系：when、once、assoonas、AslongasAssoonashegotthemoney,hewouldleavethecountryatonce.G分詞短語(yǔ)，不定式做狀語(yǔ)：Failinginthefinalexam,shecried.Negativity否定關(guān)系詞顯性否定：no、not、never、nor、none、neither隱形否定：failto、refuse、remove、reject、lackof、deprive否定前綴：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in