北師大版高中英語課文必修三北師大版高中英語課文必修三北師大版高中英語課文必修三資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月北師大版高中英語課文必修三版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發布日期：模塊3U7L11TheSpiritofExplorersVikingVoyagestoAmericaTheVikingswerethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica.TheyachievedthislongbeforeColumbuseversetsail.TheVikingswereagroupofpeoplewhoseancestorscamefromScandinavia.TheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsofNorthernEuropebetweenthe8thand10thcenturiesAD.Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive.In982AD,whenamancalledErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwest,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland.AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.EricreachedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.HereturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeoplethereaboutGreenland.HepersuadedsomepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland,amancalledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchofEric'sparty.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.Intheyear1002,whenErictheRed'ssonLeifwasplanningatripfurtherwest,BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.LeiffollowedBiarni'sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.HethensailedfurthersouthtoanislandwhichisnowknownasNewfoundland.WeknowaboutErictheRedandLeif'sdeedsthroughstorieswhichwerewrittendowncenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmericas.U7L33TheSeaWorldUNDERWATERWORLDTheBestplacetoSeeSeaCreaturesPolarWorldWehavepolarbearsandarealicebergtoo!Youcanonlyseeasmallpartofitabovethewater.It'sthreetimesasbigunderwater.Watchtheacrobaticsealsatfeedingtime.Meetourlessenergeticbutmorefriendlypenguins.You'lllovethem!OceanFloorSeesomeofthemostbeautifulcoralandthemostunusualfishintheworld.Watchsomefish“flying”throughthewater.Theyarelesscolourfulthansomeotherfishbuttheymovebeautifully.SeaTheatreSeeourintelligentdolphins.Therearefantasticshowseverytwohours.DiscoveryPoolEspeciallyforyoungerchildren.Theycantouchcrabsandothersmallercreatures.Theycanbeeducatedaboutdailylifeonthebeachinthisexcitingarea.VirtualRealityVoyageOurmostup-to-dateattraction.Comewithusona“virtualreality”triptotheoceanfloorandseesomeofthestrangestfishintheworld.?NoisiestFish.Somefishcanproducesoundsalmosttwiceasloudasyourspeakingvoice!Youcertainlywon'tfindanoisierfish.?PrettiestFish.Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbody–andtheneatthem!Theyhaveahugemouthandcaneatfishasbigasthemselves.Watchout!?TiniestFish.Lookcarefullyforthetiniestfishintheworld.Itisnotasbigasaflyinyourhouse!?Swimwithdolphinsandfaceanattackbythemostdangerouscreatureinthesea–thegreatwhiteshark!U7L44SeaStoriesItmayseemstrange,butatthatmoment,whenwewereontheedgeofthewhirlpool,Ifeltcalmerthanwhenweweremovingtowardsit.Wewentroundandround,nearerandnearertothehorribleedgeofthewhirlpool.Suddenly,wewentovertheedge.Ithoughtmylifewasover.Butmomentaftermomentpassed,andIwasstillsafe.Theboatwasontheinsideofthehugewhirlpoolandweweregoingroundincirclesatgreatspeed.Isawclearlythattherewereotherobjectsinthewhirlpool–treesandbarrels.Inoticedthattheheavierobjectswentdownmorequicklythanthesmaller,lighterones.SoItiedmyselftoabarreltohelpmefloat.Itriedtomakemybrotherunderstand,buthewasterrifiedandstayedintheheavyboat.Withoutwaiting,Idivedintotheseatotryandescape.Aboutthreeyearsago,somethingterriblehappenedtome.Thosesixhoursofterrorhavebrokenmybodyandsoul.YouthinkIamaveryoldman–butIamnot.Ittooklessthanasingledaytochangemyhairfromblacktowhite.Oneday,mytwobrothersandIwerecomingbackfromtheislands,ourboatfulloffish.Allatonce,theskywascoveredwithdarkcloudsandinlessthanaminutewewereinaterriblestorm.Anenormouswavecoveredourboatandmyyoungerbrotherfellintothesea.Ourboatsurvived,andIwastryingtorecoverwhenmyelderbrotherputhismouthclosetomyear,andscreamedouttheterrifyingword“Whirlpool!”Withthewindandwavesweweregoinginthedirectionofthewhirlpool,andnothingcouldsaveus!Asyoucansee,Ididescape.Iwillbringmystoryquicklytoaconclusion.SometimeafterIlefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,itsankintothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soonafterwards,thewhirlpoolbecamelessviolent.Thentheskywasclear,thewindcalmerandthemoonwasshining.Iwasstilltiedtothebarrelandthewavessooncarriedmetoanareawheretheotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.Thefishermenweremyoldfriends,buttheywereunabletorecognizeme.WhenItoldthemmystory,theydidnotbelieveit.NowIhavetoldyou,andIcannotexpectyoutobelievememorethanthefishermendid.U8L11AdventureHolidaysJustimagine.YouarewalkingalongamountainpathintheHimalayas.Youarefeelingtired.Youarethinkingabouthowfarthereistogo.Then,suddenlyyouarethere!AndtheamazingMountQomolangmaisonthehorizon.Itlooksgreat.Afewminuteslater,youarriveatthecamp.Thefoodcookingonthefiresmellsgreatandwhileyouarehavingahotcupoftea,yourelaxandwatchthesungodown.Atdinner,thefoodtastesfantastic.Youtalkwithotherpeopleinthegroupabouteverythingyouhaveseenanddoneduringyourday'shiking.Ifyouarelookingforexperienceslikethis,Adventure2000istheorganizationforyou.Alotofhikingholidayssoundexciting,buttherealityisoftenverydifferent.Hikingtripscanbeuncomfortableandevendangerous.However,atAdventure2000wefeelthatweunderstandtheneedsofhikers.AllourguideshaveseveralyearsofexperienceinleadinghikingtripsintheHimalayas.Theyknowallthebestroutesandbestplacestocamp.Wealsorealizethathikingcanbehardworkandbelievethathikersneedallourhelp.Aswellasthegroupguide,allteamshavecooksandporters.Whileonahikingtrip,ourcookspreparedeliciousmeals.Andourporterscarryyourluggage,whichmeansthatyoucansimplyenjoytheexperience.AtAdventure2000wealsothinkthatgoodtravelarrangementsareimportant.Weorganizealltheflightsforyou:fromLondontoBeijing,fromBeijingtoLhasaandbustravelinTibet.AccommodationisincomfortablehotelsinBeijingandLhasa,hostelsonthehikingtrip,andone-ortwo-persontentsforcamping.Therearealsospecialoffersforpeoplewhodon'twanttogostraighthomeafterwards.Ifyoulikehistory,thereisatriptoWesternChina.Forpeoplewhoprefertospendsometimeonthecoast,wecanorganizeyourtravelandaccommodationtoo.ThisisaClassAhike—youhavetobefit.Therearewalksof6–8hoursmostdays,withamaximumaltitudeof5,545metres.ClassBandChikesareeasier,soyoudon'tneedtobesofit.Thehikecosts￡2,500includingallflightsandaccommodation.Maximumgroupsizeis15people.HikesarebetweenOctoberandMay.U8L33MarcoPoloMarcoPoloandHisTravelsMarcoPolowasborninItalyin1254.Whenhewas17yearsold,hetravelledacrossEuropeandAsiawithhisfather,whowantedtodotradewiththeChinese.Eventually,theyarrivedinBeijing.Atthattime,ChinawasruledbytheYuanDynastyEmperor,KublaiKhan.KublaiKhanwelcomedMarcoandhisfather.HewasveryhappytomeettwoforeignersandwantedtolearnallaboutEurope.MarcoandhisfatherwereguestsattheEmperor'sPalace.AlthoughMarcowasyoung,hewasverycleverandcouldalreadyspeakfourlanguages.TheEmperorwasimpressedbyhimandtheybecamefriends.HeaskedMarcotoserveinhiscourtandsenthimtodomanyimportanttasksacrossthecountry.Marco,inturn,wasamazedbyhowbeautifulandpowerfulChinawas.HewasveryimpressedbyBeijingandtheEmperor'sPalace,especiallytheSummerPalacewhichhedescribedas“Thegreatestpalacethateverwas...ThewallswerecoveredingoldandsilverandtheHallwassolargeitcouldeasilyseat6,000peoplefordinner.”TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.MarcowassurprisedtoseeChinesepeopleusingpapermoneyinthemarkets.InEurope,peoplepaidforgoodswithgoldorsilver.Hecouldnotunderstandhowpeoplecouldpayforfoodandvaluablethingswithpaper!Hewasalsoconfusedbytheblackstonespeopleusedtoburnforfuel.Theblackstoneswerecoal,butMarcohadneverseencoalbefore!In1291,after17yearsofservicetotheEmperor,MarcoreturnedtoItaly.Hewasnowaverywealthyman.Notlongafterhisreturn,alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown.Duringthewar,Marcowasthecaptainofawarshipbutwascaughtbytheenemyandputintoprison.However,MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.TheprisonerwasanauthorandhetookdictationwhileMarcotoldallhisstoriestohim.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.Althoughpeopleenjoyedreadinghisbook,manyofthemthoughtthatMarco'sstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.ButMarcoalwaysstoodbyhistales.Justbeforehedied,aged70,Marcowasaskedthequestion,“Wasitalltrue”,towhichhereplied,“IhaveonlytoldahalfofwhatIsaw!”U8L44JourneytotheAntarcticTheRACEtothePOLEOn1June,1910,CaptainScottleftLondontobeginhisjourneytotheAntarctic.Onhisway,hereceivedamessagefromtheNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen:“I'mgoingSouth.”SotheracetotheSouthPolewason!Duringthepolarsummerof1910–1911,bothteamsorganizedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.ScottandAmundsenwaitedanxiouslyforspring.Amundsenwasthefirsttoleave,on15October,1911.Hehadteamsofdogspullingthesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.Becauseofthis,hemaderapidprogress.Scottlefton1Novemberandsoonhadproblems.First,histwosledgesbrokedown,andthenthehorsesbegantohaveseriousdifficultieswiththesnowandthecold.Afterawhile,Scottandhismenhadtopushthesledgesthemselves.AmundsenreachedthePoleon14DecemberandputaNorwegianflagthere.Thenhepreparedforthereturnjourney.ScottfinallyarrivedatthePolewithfourteammemberson17January.TheywereshockedwhentheysawtheNorwegianflag.Scottwrotesadlyinhisdiary:“Well,wehavenowlostthegoalofourambitionandmustface800milesofhardpushing–andgoodbyetomostofourdreams.”Thereturnjourneywasoneoftheworstinthehistoryofexploration.Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.Theweatherconditionswereterrible.Scottstartedtorealizetheirhopelesssituation:“...weareverycheerful,butwhateachmanfeelsinhisheartIcanonlyguess.Puttingonourshoesinthemorningisgettingslowerandslower.”However,ontheirwaybacktheyfoundtimetolookforrocks.Theycarried20kilosofrocksallthewaywiththem.Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpasttheAntarcticwascoveredbyplants.Then,disastersooncame.EdgarEvanshadaterriblediseaseanddiedafterabadfall.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking.Scottrecordedhisdeath:“Hesaid,‘IamjustgoingoutsideandImaybesometime.'WeknewthatpoorOateswaswalkingtohisdeath,butthoughwetriedtostophim,weknewthatitwastheactofabravemanandanEnglishgentleman.Weallhopetomeettheendwithasimilarspirit,andcertainlytheendisnotfar.”Scottandtwoofhisteammemberscarriedonandgotwithinelevenmilesofoneoftheirfoodbases.Butthenaterriblestormstartedandtheycouldnotleavetheirtent.Scottspentsomeofhislasthourswriting.HewrotealetterfullofsadnesstohiswifeKathleen:“Icouldtellyoulotsandlotsaboutthisjourney.Whatstoriesyouwouldhavefortheboy…Butwhatapricetopay.”Scott'sdiaryalsotoldthestoryoftheirend:“Wearegettingweakerandweakerandtheendcan'tbefar.Itseemsapity,butIdonotthinkIcanwritemore.”ThenewsofScott'sdeathshockedtheworld.HehadfailedtowintheracetothePole,buttheextraordinarycourageshownbyCaptainScottandhismenmadethemintoheroes.CaptainScottandhisteammembersreachedthePole,butwithlittletocelebrate.U9L11OnYourBike

Returnofthewhitebikes!PeoplehavebeenenjoyingthebenefitsofcyclinginAmsterdamforyears.Itisagoodcityforcyclingbecauseitisflatandthereforeisconvenientforbikes.Therearealsoplentyofplacesforbicycleparkingandmoststreetsinthecitycentrehaveabicyclepath.TodaysomepeoplecallAmsterdamthe“CityofBicycles”becauseoftheconvenienceforbicyclesthere.Inthe1960s,agroupofcyclingfanshadanidea.Theybelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentreandonlybicycleswere.Theywerehopefulthatthiswouldhelptosaveenergy,reducepollutionandprovidefreepublictransport.ThegrouppaintedhundredsofbicycleswhiteandplacedtheminlotsofneighbourhoodsaroundAmsterdamforpeopletouse.Anyonewasallowedtotakethemandusethemforshortjourneys.Whereversomeonefinishedajourneytheywouldleavethebikethereforsomeoneelsetouse.Theproblemwasthatitdidn'twork–thievestookallthebicycleswithinweeks!However,morethanthirtyyearslater,the“whitebike”isbackintown–thistimewithacomputerchiptorecorditseverymove!Totakeabicycle,youhavetoinsertaspecialcard.Thenew“whitebike”isnotactuallywhitebutisanunusualdesignwithbrightcolours.Thebikesareparkedatspecialparkingplacesandpeoplewhowanttousethemhavetotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplacethathasenoughroom.ThereisalreadylesstrafficincentralAmsterdam,becausebothlocalsandtouristshavebeenusingthewhitebikes.Indeed,thankstothegoodideasoflotsofpeople,likethecyclingfansinthe1960s,manypeoplearoundtheworldhavebeenenjoyingcitycentrestreetswithoutcarsformanyyears.U9L33CleanMachines

SolarCarRacing

SolarracershavebeencomingtoAustraliaforyearsfortheWorldSolarCarChallenge.WeinterviewedMarieLoganfromBrisbane.Q:Well,thefirstquestionIhaveforyouissimple.Whatisasolarcar?A:Solarcarsarecarsthatusethesun'senergyforpower.Thatmeanstheydon'tusepetrol,gasoranyotherfuel,justthesunlight.Q:Andwhyarepeopleinterestedinsolarcars?A:Peoplehavebeenworriedaboutpollutioncausedbyfuelslikepetrolandgasforalongtimenow.Solarcarsarecleanandsafe,sothereisalotofinterestinthem.Q:You'vebeendesigningsolarracingcarsforalongtime.Whendidyoustart?A:Well,I'vebeeninterestedincarssincekindergarten.WhenIwasatuniversity,Istarteddesigningmycar.I'vedesignedfiveorsixdifferentcarssofar.AndI'vebeentakingpartinracesforaboutfouryears.Q:Howmanyraceshaveyoutakenpartin?A:Letmethink.Six.We'vewontwoofthem!Q:Wheredotheseracestakeplace?A:Well,theoneIlikebestcrossesthewholeofAustraliafromnorthwesttosoutheast.It'sabout4,500kmlong!Q:Wow!Howlongdoesthattake?A:Thesedaysthefastestcarscandoitinsixdays.Q:Andwhathaveyoubeendoingrecently?A:I'vebeenbuildinganewcarwithateamfromQueenslandUniversity.We'vedonealotofworkonit,butwehaven'tfinishedyet.Q:Andyou'vebeenwritingabookaboutsolarcars.A:Well,sofarI'veonlywrittenthefirstfewchapters!Iwantpeopletohaveagoodimpressionofsolarcars.Q:Butalotofpeoplethinkthatsolarcarsaretooslowornotveryreliable.Howcanyoupersuadethemoftheadvantagesofsolarcars?A:Solarcarsaregettingbetterallthetime.Theyhavereachedspeedsofnearly80k.p.h.Intests,onecarwebuilthasaveragedover40k.p.h.,evenincloudyweather.Q:You'vebeenworkinghard–goodluckintherace!A:Thanksalot.U9L44CarCultureTheRoadtoDestruction“Thismorningittookmefortyminutestogettowork.MoreroadconstructionworksontheA10!”“OhreallyIttookmeoveranhour.TherewasanaccidentontheM11.”“You'rebothlucky.Ittookmetwohours!Youdon'thavetousetheM25.”HowoftenhaveyouheardtheseconversationsHowoftendowegetstuckintrafficjamsHowoftendowearriveatworkorschoolstressedout,tiredandangryFormanypeopleinBritain,theansweriseveryday.Butangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostsofthemotorcar.Herearesomefigures:?Inthelasttenyears,thenumberofcarsontheroadsinBritainhasgoneupby30%.?Therearenow25millioncarsinthiscountry.?OverthreethousandpeopledieeveryyearinroadaccidentsinBritain.?InLondon,carenginesproduce99%ofallcarbonmonoxideintheatmosphere.?Twenty-fivethousanddeathsperyeararecausedbyairpollution.?Sometypesofcancerarerelatedtotrafficpollution.?Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Theaverageglobaltemperatureisabout0.5degreescentigradehigherthanitwas100yearsago.Weknowthatcarsarebadforus.SowhydowecarryonusingourcarssomuchWeallmakeexcuses:“Thebusesareterrible.”“Thetrainsarealwayslate!”“Ihaven'tgottimetowalk.”I'mtalkingaboutmyself,too.Iadmit:I'maddictedtomycar.WhenIask