周維清他們這邊周維清他們這邊，眾人已經迅速做出了反應，林天熬身形一閃，就沖到了周維清面前，本命珠釋放而出。能讓周維清狼狽逃回來的對手，又豈會普通？

烏鴉也扯著馬群來到周維清另一邊，上官菲兒則是騰身而起，以她那天不怕、地不怕的性格，當然不肯就這樣避開，而是朝著外面血紅獄眾人看去。

不過，當她看清外面眾人時，也是倒吸一口涼氣，沈小魔她也是認識的，和沈小魔在一起，修為還都比她高，可想而知這些是什么人了。

沈小魔被戰凌天一掌震退，被同伴接了下來，瞳孔驟然收縮，她也看到了戰凌天和上官菲兒。

“是你們？”沈小魔趕忙一抬手，阻止打算動手的同伴。

那活閻羅看到沈小魔被震飛出來，也是冷了一下，但他身上的氣息卻更加陰冷了。

”戰凌天，你怎么會和他在一起？你是上官雪兒？“沈小魔眼中流露著驚疑不定的神色。

浩渺宮居中調停的事她還記得很清楚，只是沒想到，浩渺宮竟然會派出眼前這兩今年青一代的翹楚來保護周維請。從她的角度，也只能認為是這樣了。

戰凌天冷哼一聲，已經站了起來，”我們和誰在一起，似乎還不用你來質詢。你貿然向我動手，可是想挑釁我們浩渺宮么？”

盡管面對這么多強者，但他自恃來自于浩渺宮，怎會看得起五大圣地排名靠后的血紅獄？

”你不過是一個小輩，憑你也想代表浩渺宮？“活閻羅開口了，他緩步上前，走到了最前面，與此同時，他也釋放出了自己的本命珠。

在他右手手腕上，整整十顆黑色的墨翡翠體珠悄然律動，周圍的空氣似乎都隨之凝固了。

體珠中，墨翡翠代表的是耐力，主要表現為抗擊打能力和持續戰斗能力上。雖然防御不如黃翡，但擁有墨翡翠體珠的天珠師卻是最為難纏的。

”天王級。

“周維清倒吸一口涼氣，正像他預料中最壞的那樣，眼前這位來自血紅獄的老者，正是天王級強者。

戰凌天那么驕傲的人，在看到對方的十顆體珠時，臉上神色也是驟然一滯，變得有些不自然了。天珠師一旦進入天王級，那就走進入了另一個層次，絕對都是威懾一方的人物，哪怕在浩渺宮，天王級以上的強者數量也不是太多。叫他一聲小輩，他還真不敢還嘴。

”敢問您是血紅獄哪位前輩高人？”戰凌天硬著頭皮雙手抱拳問道。

活閻羅淡淡的道：“老夫活閻羅寒天估，血紅獄無名小輩而已，我這無名小輩要是挑釁了你，也算不得是我們血紅獄拖釁浩渺宮吧。”

戰凌天的臉色很難看，可他偏偏又發作不出來，一時間不知該如何回話了。

這時候，就顯現出周維清的狡猾了，他就戰在戰凌天背后，低眉順眼的一聲不吭，似乎他完全是戰凌天的跟班一樣，把那驕傲的鼎渺宮翹楚頂在前面。

上官菲兒在一旁卻是忍不住了“，活閻羅？還真沒聽說過。想必閣下剛剛晉升天王級也時間不長吧。這次應該是前往萬獸天堂尋找適合拓印的天獸。你話里話外，似乎就沒把我們浩渺宮看在眼中。我四叔曾經說過，因為天珠大賽上爭端，翡麗戰隊和丹頓戰隊的仇恨就此為止，并且他親自做的擔保，才讓維清為沈小魔解的毒。現在你們打算要恩將仇報么？這還不算對我們浩渺宮的挑釁？”

聽上官菲兒這么一說，沈小魔下意識的看向活閻羅，確實，有上官龍吟的擔保，他們再要對周維清不利，浩渺宮那邊就很難說得過去了。雖然還不至于挑起兩大圣地之爭，但很明顯，浩渺宮絕不會善罷甘休。浩渺宮，好一個浩渺宮活閻羅冷哼一聲，“浩渺宮，好一個浩渺宮。如果不是你們運氣好，占據了天珠島這樣的洞天福地，單憑底蘊，你們也能成為五大圣地之首？”

一邊說著，他抬起自己的左手，眾人頓時看到，他左手上是沒有小指和無名指的“，我這兩根手指，就是當初上官龍吟毀了的，他仗著凝形裝備比我好，硬是將我打成重傷。為的，也只是你們浩渺宮所謂的面子。老夫閉關多年，終于沖入天王級，本就沒打算再忍你們浩渺宮。今天在這里遇到你們這群小輩，竟然也敢向老夫挑釁。很好、很好。只是不知道，老夫要是將你們趕盡殺絕，再將這里所有獸人都殺了一起毀尸滅跡，有誰知道是我們血紅獄下的手？”

這一下，戰凌天和上官菲兒的臉色也都變了，一個出自于圣地的天王級強者不顧身份要殺他們，他們這些人真能抵擋的住么？

戰凌天沉聲道：“菲兒，你走。回去把事情告訴二位宮主，為我報仇,一邊說著，他手腕一抖，暗金色光芒只經隨之閃亮，周維清曾經面對過的那條金黑雙色長槍已經落入掌中。手掌一擰長槍，鋒銳直指活閻羅寒天佑。

一股慘烈的殺氣驟然從戰凌天身上迸發而出，在那濃烈的殺機之中，他整個人仿佛已經融入了天地一般，將生死置之度外的瞬間，也令他的精氣神提升到了巔峰。

沈小魔有些猶疑的向寒天佑道：“寒老，這樣不好吧。讓他們交出周維清就算了。”

寒天佑冷哼一聲“，有什么不好的？削弱浩渺宮的實力對我們只有好處，放他們回去，反而會令浩渺宮因此事來找我們麻煩，在這里只要做的干凈一些，何來麻煩？你們幾個不用插手，護住外圍，不得讓任何人靠近，也防備這幾個小子逃走。”

一邊說著，寒天佑身形一閃，哪怕是戰凌天也沒看清楚他是如何行動的，他已經一掌拍到了戰凌天面前。

他出手的是左掌，能夠清楚的看到，在他左手手腕上，呈現為晶紅色的星光紅寶石意珠爍爍放光。他的意珠雖然只是單屬性的，但能夠修煉到天王級，這寒天佑的實力已經遠遠凌駕于周維清他們這些人之上。

寒天佑的左手在剎那間仿佛就已經脹大了數倍，熾熱的氣流雖然是直奔戰凌天而去，但卻將其余眾人也都籠罩在了其中。

在這個時候，其實心中最郁悶的就屬周維清了，當戰凌天說出那句讓上官菲兒逃生的話時，周維清就知道，自己走不了了。因為，以他對上官菲兒的了解，她是絕不會放棄要為自己戰死的戰凌天獨自逃生的。在郁悶的同時，周維清對戰凌天原本的惡感也減弱了許多，不愧是浩渺宮出身的弟子，雖然這家伙心性高傲，令人詩厭，但在關鍵時刻，卻很有一副大師兄的樣子，能夠在面對天王級強者時依舊挺身而出，這份膽魄和氣度已經足以令周維清對他改變看法了。

正像周維清預料的那樣，寒天佑撲出的剎那，上官菲兒也發動了。

兩道暗金色光芒同時從上官菲兒身上亮起，護臂爪已然上身，從側面閃電般撞向寒天佑。

戰凌天大喝一聲，手中光暗神槍前次，帶著毅然決然的慘烈氣息，根本就不管家天佑拍來的手掌，直奔他咽喉刺去，看那架勢，竟然像是要與寒天佑同歸于盡。

“聯手，上。”關鍵時刻，周維清當機立斷，大喝聲中，飛快的后退一步，眼中神光閃耀，濃烈的天理波動中，龍魔奶女的天技映像已經升騰而起。

不能走，那就只有全力一拼了，雖然他們的修為加起來也和寒天佑差的遠，但畢竟他們都不能用本身的天力來衡量實力，聯手去拼，多少還有幾分機會。

林天熬之前一直站在周維清身邊，等待他的命令，他的首要任務就是保護周維清，局面的不利并未令他出現慌亂的情緒，伴隨著周維清一聲大喝，林天熬也沖了出去，六珠組合凝形盾悍然釋放，從另一個方向朝著寒天佑撞擊而去。

烏鴉也動了，她那重達六百斤的身軀猛然躍起，烏金屠神斧帶著凝形鎖鏈從空中揮斬而出，直奔寒天佑絞殺而去。

除了馬樣以外，其他五個人雖然出手有先后順序，但在這一刻，他們卻走出奇的默契。

每個人都有相當的潛力，在最惡劣的情況下，人的潛力往往都會被激發到最大程度，此時他們不正是如此么？面對天王級強者，惟有聯手，才有機會。

但是，很快他們就見證了天王級強者的恐怖。

寒天佑一掌拍向戰凌天的時候，已經下定決心要在最短時間內將這幾人全部殺死，然后再屠戮了眼前這個獸人部落毀尸滅跡。

戰凌天的應對無疑是最佳的，以他的修為，根本不可能擋得住寒天佑的攻擊，惟有用這種與敵皆亡的手段，才有可能和對方抗衡。謝謝你們，偉大的唐門兄弟姐妹們，這一刻，我不是一個人在戰斗，有著千千萬萬的你們在支持，謝謝你們讓我在七天雙倍之后依舊排在月票榜第一位，這個月，我們的目標只有一個，那就是最終的第一一。

七天雙倍結束了，但我們的拼搏才剛剛開始，高潮情節送上，希望大家喜歡。

也感謝關心我的書友們，這幾天頭暈惡心確實是頸椎問題，貼了膏藥好一些了。我會更努力的寫好我們的天珠，以回報大家的每一分支持。謝謝。

求月票、推薦票。（未完待續)【本文字由破曉更新團笨笨送玫瑰提供】英國文學史資料BritishWritersandWorks=1\*ROMANI.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges<Beowulf>貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（頭韻）

SomeexamplesonP5UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)~1400(首創“雙韻體”，英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.=1\*GB3①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish=2\*GB3②<TroilusandCriseyde>特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德③<TheHouseofFame>聲譽之宮MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(傳奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulf=2\*ROMANIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrologythereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansionrediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599（后人稱之為“詩人的詩人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

=1\*GB3①

<TheFaerieQueene>仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.=2\*GB3②<TheShepherdsCalendar>牧人日歷ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③<Amoretti>愛情小唱2.

ThomasMore托馬斯?莫爾1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists=1\*GB3①<Utopia>烏托邦3.

FrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626（哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.=1\*GB3①<TheAdvancementofLearning>學術的推進=2\*GB3②<Essays>隨筆(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.

BenJonson=1\*GB3①<ComedyofHumours>=2\*GB3②<Volpone,orthefox>狐貍5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?馬洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了無韻體詩。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.=1\*GB3①<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>浮士德博士的悲劇（根據德國民間故事書寫成）=2\*GB3②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝

③<TheJewofMalta>馬耳他的猶太人6.

WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞1564~1616

=1\*GB3①

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1.JohnMilton約翰?彌爾頓1608~1674（詩人、政論家;失明后寫《失樂園》、《復樂園》、《力士參孫》。）=1\*GB3①Epics:

<ParadiseLost>失樂園

<ParadiseRegained>復樂園

=2\*GB3②Dramaticpoem:

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SamsonAgonistes>力士參孫=3\*GB3③<Areopagitica>論出版自由<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>為英國人民聲辯④<OnHisBlindness>我的失明 Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.2.

JohnBunyan約翰?班揚1628~1688（代表作《天路歷程》，宗教寓言，被譽為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國文學史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的《神曲》、奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》并列為世界三大宗教題材文學杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派詩人)=1\*GB3①ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路歷程3.JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄學派詩人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄學詩)：（用語）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主題：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段論=1\*GB3①Meditations沉思錄TheFlea虱子=2\*GB3②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets=3\*GB3③Valediction:<ForbiddingMourning>=4\*ROMANIVThe18thCenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小說崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel現實主義小說)Gothicnovel(哥特式小說)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)1.

AlexanderPope亞歷山大?蒲柏1688~1744（18世紀英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用“英雄雙韻體”/“heroiccouplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.=1\*GB3①<AnEssayonCriticism>批評論Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”=2\*GB3②<TheRapeoftheLock>卷發遇劫記=3\*GB3③<MoralEssays>道德論

<EssayonMan>人論<TheDunciad>愚人記2.

SamuelJohnson塞繆爾?約翰遜1709~1784

=1\*GB3①Dictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>英語大詞典3.JonathanSwift喬納森?斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世紀杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家amastersatirist。）

=1\*GB3①<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游記(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人國Brobdingnag大人國FlyingIsland飛島Houyhnhnm馬島<AModestProposal>一個小小的建議=2\*GB3②<TheBattleofBooks>書戰=3\*GB3③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一個麻布商的書信4.DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀英國現實主義小說的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.=1\*GB3①<RobinsonCrusoe>魯賓遜漂流記ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.=2\*GB3②<MollFlanders>=3\*GB3③<ColonelJacque>④<Captainsingleton>5.HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為“英國小說之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.=1\*GB3①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>棄嬰湯姆?瓊斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>約瑟夫?安德魯<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大詩人江奈生?威爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞=2\*GB3②plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年歷史記事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英國6.OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774=1\*GB3①poems:

<TheTraveller>旅游人

<TheDesertedVillage>荒村=2\*GB3②novel:

<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲爾德牧師傳7.

RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816=1\*GB3①<TheRivals>情敵=2\*GB3②<TheSchoolforScandal>造謠學校8.WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827=1\*GB3①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.=2\*GB3②<SongsofExperience>經驗之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:

<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence=3\*GB3③

<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂與地獄的婚姻9.RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>約翰?安德生，我的愛人②<ARed,RedRose>一朵紅紅的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>往昔時光④<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>=5\*ROMANVTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人應該是獨立自由的個體)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。TheLakePoets）①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤獨的割麥女②<ThePrelude>序曲2.

SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子頌②<Christabel>柯里斯塔貝爾③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>憂郁頌⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)3.

GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個“拜倫式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.=1\*GB3①<DonJuan>唐?璜<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰爾德?哈羅德爾游記<Cain>該隱 =2\*GB3②<WhenWeTwoParted>當初我們倆分別<SheWalksInBeauty>4.

PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822=1\*GB3①PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普羅米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression=2\*GB3②<QueenMab>麥布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯蘭的反叛<TheCenci>欽契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>詩辯<TheNecessityofAtheism>無神論的必要性③Lyrics:<OdetotheWestWind>西風頌Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Artisticfeatures:Usingrerzarima(三行詩ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark>致云雀

5.

JohnKeats約翰?濟慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。)

=1\*GB3①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希臘古甕頌<OdetoaNightingale>夜鶯頌<OdetoPsyche>心靈頌<OdeOnMelancholy>憂郁頌=2\*GB3②<ToAutumn>秋頌Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.6.

JaneAusten簡?奧斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.=1\*GB3①<SenseandSensibility>理智與感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢與偏見(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma>愛瑪<NorthangerAbbey>諾桑覺寺<Persuasion>勸導7.WalterScott沃爾特?斯科特1771~1832(歷史小說之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels=1\*GB3①<RobRoy>羅伯?羅伊=2\*GB3②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫

=6\*ROMANVITheVictorianPeriodCommonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.1.

CharlesDickens查爾斯?狄更斯1812~1870（批判現實主義小說家）criticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外傳②<OliverTwist>奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店④

<AChristmasCarol>圣誕頌歌⑤<DombeyandSon>董貝父子⑥

<DavidCopperfield>大衛?科波菲爾⑦<BleakHouse>荒涼山莊<HardTimes>艱難時世⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>雙城記(London&Paris)⑨<GreatExpectations>遠大前程⑩<OurMutualFriend>我們共同的朋友

2.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利場(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>

3.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855①<JaneEyre>簡?愛JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgovernessheoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor>教師

4.

EmilyBronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854①<WutheringHeights>呼嘯山莊Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.【TheEarnshawFamily】Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff【TheLintonFamily】Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella②<OldStoic>5.GeorgeEliot喬治?艾略特1819~1880①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊②<AdamBede>亞當?比德③<SilasMarner>織工馬南④

<Middlemarch>米德爾馬契6.AlfredTennyson阿爾弗萊德?丁尼生1809~1892（維多利亞時代最具代表性的偉大詩人）PoetLaureate（桂冠詩人）①<InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializehisfriend②<Break,Break,Break>沖擊、沖擊、沖擊③<IdyllsoftheKing>國王敘事詩7.

RobertBrowning羅伯特?白朗寧1812~1889

①<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外鄉思ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行詩8.RobertLouisStevenson①<TreasureIsland>金銀島9.ThomasHardy托馬斯?哈代1840~1928（小說多以農村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）

=1\*GB2⑴Novels①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔絲Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration②<JudeTheObscure>無名的裘德③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>綠蔭下④

<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>遠離塵囂⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特橋市長⑥

<TheReturnoftheNative>還鄉=2\*GB2⑵

PoemsWessexPoemsAndOtherVersesPoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列國=7\*ROMANVII1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrights=1\*GB3①OscarWilde=2\*GB3②GeorgeBernardShaw1.OscarWilde奧斯卡?王爾德1856~1900

（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）

=1\*GB3①4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>認真的重要<LadyWindermere’sFan>溫德米爾夫人的扇子

<AWomanOfNoImportance>一個無足輕重的女人<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫=2\*GB3②Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安?格雷的畫像=3\*GB3③FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>快樂王子故事集2.GeorgeBernardShaw喬治?伯納?蕭1856~1950(英國杰出的批判現實主義劇作家）criticalrealisticdramatist

=1\*GB2⑴Plays=1\*GB3①PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren’SProfession>華倫夫人的職業<Widowers’Houses>鰥夫的房產=2\*GB3②PlaysPleasant<ArmsAndMan>武器與人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命運的人③Plays<ManAndSuperman>人與超人<Pygmalion>匹格瑪利翁<TheAppleCart>蘋果車<SaintJoan>圣女貞德Novelists(Realists)1.JosephConcrad=1\*GB3①<LordJim>吉姆爺=2\*GB3②<HeartOfDarkness>黑暗的心1.Whythebook’stitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeople’sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans’heart.2.Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite【Black/dark-】death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.【White/light】life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.Character【Kurtz】representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.【Marlow】representsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.5.NarrativeStructureInHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaroundKurtz.However,mostofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz’sstory.2.WilliamSomersetMaugham<OfHumanBondage>人性的枷鎖3.<APassageToIndia>印度之行<HawardsEnd>霍華茲別墅

Modernists=1\*GB2⑴3Novelists=1\*GB3①JamesJoyce=2\*GB3②DavidHerbertLawrence=3\*GB3③VirgirniaWoolf

1.DavidHerbertLawrence戴維?赫伯特?勞倫斯1885~1930①<SonsAndLovers>兒子與情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel】,daughterofamiddle-classfamily,is"awomanofcharacterandrefinement",astrong-willed,intelligentandambitiouswomanwhoisfascinatedbyawarm,vigorousandsensuouscoalminer,WalterMorel,andmarriedbeneathherownclass.Then,shewasdespondedatherhusbandandputherlovetohersons.Shehopesthattheywillbecomeoutstanding【PaulMorel】dependsheavilyonhismother’sloveandhelptomakesenseoftheworldaroundhim.Hestruggletofreefromhismother’sinfluence,buthefailed.Afterhismotherhasdiedandheisleftalone,indespair.Theme:Lawrencewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.Hebelievedthatthehealthywayoftheindividual’spsychologicaldevelopmentlayintheprimacyofthelifeimplulse,orinanotherterm,thesexualimpulse.huamansexualitywas,toLawrence,asymboloflifeforce.bypresentingthepsychologicalexperienceofindivudualhumanlifeandofhumanrelationships,LawrencehasopenedupawidenewterritorytothenovelOedipusComplexisathematicfeatureofD.H.Lawrence’sSonsandLovers②<TheRainbow>虹③<WomenInLove>戀愛中的女人④

<LadyChatterley’sLover>查特萊夫人的情人2.JamesJoyce詹姆斯?喬伊斯1882~1941（愛爾蘭小說家，意識流小說的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<APortraitOfTheArtistAsAYoungMan>一個青年藝術家的肖像<FinnegansWake>芬尼根的蘇醒<Dubliners>都柏林3.VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼婭?沃爾芙1882~1941（意識流小說的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness=1\*GB3①Novels<MrsDalloway>達洛維夫人<ToTheLighthouse>到燈塔去<TheWaves>浪<TheLighthouse><Jacob’sRoom>雅各布的房間<Orlando>奧蘭朵<BetweenTheActs>幕間=2\*GB2⑵2Poets=1\*GB3①W.B.Yeats(WilliamButlerYeats)=2\*GB3②T.S.Eliot(ThomasSternsEliot)1.WilliamButlerYeats威廉?勃特勒?葉茨1865~1939（愛爾蘭詩人，劇作家；TheIrishnationalistmovement愛爾蘭獨立運動；TheIrishLiteraryRevival愛爾蘭文藝復興；TheIrishLiteraryTheater,ortheAbbeyTheater愛爾蘭民族劇團）=1\*GB2⑴collections=1\*GB3①<TheWindAmongTheReeds>葦風<Responsibilities>責任=2\*GB3②<TheTower>塔<TheWindingStair>旋轉的樓梯=2\*GB2⑵Poems<Easter1916>復活節，1916<TheSecondComing>第二次來臨/再世<SailingToByzantium>到拜占庭航行2.ThomasSternsEliot（詩人，劇作家，批評家）=1\*GB2⑴Poems=1\*GB3①<TheWasteLand>=2\*GB3②<FourQuartets>四個四重奏③<TheLoveSongOfJ.AlfredPrufrock>=2\*GB2⑵Plays=1\*GB3①<MurderInTheCathedral>大教堂謀殺案en·light·en·mentaEuropeanintellectualmovementofthelate17thand18thcenturiesemphasizingreasonandindividualismratherthantradition.Itwasheavilyinfluencedby17th-centuryphilosopherssuchasDescartes,Locke,andNewton,anditsprominentexponentsincludeKant,Goethe,Voltaire,Rousseau,andAdamSmithhu·man·ismNoun

/?(h)yo?om??niz?m/Anoutlookorsystemofthoughtattachingprimeimportancetohumanratherthandivineorsupernaturalmatters.Humanistbeliefsstressthepotentialvalueandgoodnessofhumanbeings,emphasizecommonhumanneeds,andseeksolelyrationalwaysofsolvinghumanproblemsARenaissanceculturalmovementthatturnedawayfrommedievalscholasticismandrevivedinterestinancientGreekandRomanthought(amongsomecontemporarywriters)Asystemofthoughtcriticizedasbeingcenteredonthenotionoftherational,autonomousselfandignoringtheunintegratedandconditionednatureoftheindividualTobe,or