考研翻譯基礎班講以講解翻譯基礎知識為主，基本不涉及考研翻譯的。但是，很重要，有必要在強化訓練中完全掌握。一翻譯的定義三翻譯的基本過程四考研翻譯的解題策一詞義選擇和詞義引申三增詞法四省略法一名詞性從句的翻譯四結構的翻根 PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicinlectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasit eafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheinlectualequipmentofaneducated .Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.47)Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist'sinlectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewmedia.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.49)Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationsdtothembylawyers.50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem52100.50.25史、文化、哲學、心理和科普方面的題材。其體裁基本上是議。如：1990199119921993199519971998年：天體物理學中的大理1999年：的方法2000年：調控與工業化發20012002200320042006年：的作2007年：法學在中的作用第二講考研翻譯的過程和解題策Themedicinalherbhelpsa例如，1997Doanimalshaveright?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeaground-clearingwaytostart.Actually,itisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountof,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.一、理解英語原文，拆分語法結語法和邏輯連接起來的“象葡萄藤一樣”的結構。在翻譯句子之前，先通讀全句，主句和從句拆分出來，或者把主分和修飾部分拆分出來。連詞：如and,or,but,yet,for等并列連詞連接著并列句；還有連接狀語從句的連接詞，如：when,assinceuntilbeforeafterwherebecausesincethoughtalthoughsothat,等等；它們就成了理解英語句子的拆分點。關系詞：如連接名詞性從句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whicheverwhen,wherehowwhy等關系副詞；還有連接定語從句的關系代詞，who,which,that,whom,whose等等；它們也是理解英語句子的拆分點。onin,with,atofto等介詞常常引導介詞短語作修飾語，所以它們也是理例1Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.（35詞，200362題）拆分1）句子的主干是：Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquiry，2）whichsocialscience，方式狀語：inthesamereasoned,orderlysystematicanddispassionedmanner是方式狀定語從句：thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena是定語從句，manner。Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumans1主 2定語從theirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassioned3thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnatural4二、改變原文順序，組合漢語譯1Socialscienceisthatbranchofin lectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavors定語從句比較復雜，可以放在所修飾inthesamereasoned,orderly,systematicanddispassionedmanner方式狀語，如果照原thatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.定語從句直接放到所修飾199472）題aleaderofthenewschoolcontends中，school是“學派”的意思，而199674）elegantsystem中，elegant是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“優雅”在2001年75）題Andhomeapplianceswill esosmartthat...中，smart是“智能化” I’llseeherhomeisthehomeofHe’sathomewiththeclassics.NewhomesareforShe’sathomewheresheMaternityhomecostsinAmericahavegoneup婦產醫院已經急劇上漲。Muchisproducedhereforhomemarket.HelooksonLondonashishome.如：forecast有“預報，預測”的意思，用作動詞和用作名詞時意思相同；increase作約”的意思。又如：while...的時候，而，雖然”等意思；作名詞時，卻語法關系來辨別的詞性，以便能準確的判斷詞義。如：Thislightistoopoortoreadby.Aluminumisalightmetal.Willyoulightthefireforme?TheEarthisnotcompleyLet'sgointothehallandhavealookTheyaredancinginaroundHeworkedroundtheday.Theboy'seyesroundedwithmove為例，如果上下文不一樣，move的意思顯然也是不一樣，必須依據ThatcarwasreallySharepricesmovedaheadThestoryoftheirsufferingsmovedusWorkonthenewbuildingismoving 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andtears本來是“微笑和眼淚，但是以引申為抽象的“歡樂與Weinsistthatinternationaltradeshouldnotbeaone-wayIhavenoheadforThecarinfrontofmestopped,andImissedthe（在原文中，green本來是“綠色”的意思，但是Perhapstheonlytroublewithcopperisthatitisnothardenoughforsome（trouble本來是“麻煩”的例如：IadmireyourdecisiontofightforthedifficultiesinpreparingtheRocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheInChina,thereisalotofemphasisonAcarefulstudyoftheoriginaltextwillgiveyouabetterThesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.3．英語中有些加后綴-er的名詞，Heisagoodsinger.Thosesmallfactoriesarealsolavishconsumerandwasterofraw4Tohavearest和Tohaveagoodlookatrestlook.Youmustbetired.Whydon’tyoutakeaThecarbrakedsharply,comingtorestontheedgeoftheIamanxiousabouthisScientistsareconfidentthatallmatteris與思維和知覺相關的形容詞：aware,conscious,certain,sure,mindful,ignorant,alert等；與情感相關的形容詞：glad,pleased,cautious,careful,angry,happy,exhilarated,excited,confidentthankfulgratefulconcerned,eagerafraid,doubtfulsorry與相關的形容詞：desirous,hopeful,anxious,keen,enthusiastic,zealous等SheopenedthewindowtoletfreshairAftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignThiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalTothem,he 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（一）allboth,everyeverybodyeverydayeveryonemanyeverything,entirelyaltogether,absoluy,wholly,compley,everywhere,always,oftennot搭配使用。常常翻譯，both…not（every…no（，not，notaltogether（不全是，notnecessarily（未必）等。AllthatglittersisnotBoththewindowsarenotopen.EverybodydoesnotbelievetheTheyarenotalwaysintheofficeon他們不一定每個星期天都在。Theresponsibilityisnotaltogethermine.Thesituationisnotnecessarily“all…not”和“和“Notevery…”這種表達形式。Notallmetalsaregoodconductors.Noteveryoneacceptshisproposal.，no（，not（，non（nobod（nothin（nowher（，neither（，nor（，notHeisnoNoneofmyfriendsOurgreatmotherlandhasneverbeforebeensoprosperousasitisNothingintheworldisdifficultfortheonewhosetshismindtoNeverhavewebeendauntedby我們任何時候都沒有被嚇倒過。常見的雙重否定形式主要有：no…not(沒有……不)，without…not（沒有……就不never(no)…without（每逢……總是，沒有……不）never(no)…but（沒有），，no(never)…uness（，not…anytheless（沒有……而少做。NownospaceshipcannotbeloadedwithYouwillneversucceedunlessyouworkhard.Thereisnothingunusualthere.ThemachineisworkingnonetheworseforitslongShedidnotworkanythelessforherillness.That’snothinglessthana那完全是一個Notaskissodifficultbutwe plish再的任務，我們也能完成。（一）morethancan…morethancan…在意義上相當于英語的cannot…morethanonecanhelp相當于aslittleaspossibleThebeautyoftheparkismorethanwordscanTheboy everyinsolentanditismorethanhisparentscanDon’tlhimmorethanyoucanSheneverdoesmoreworkthanshecananythingbut…Heisanythingbutascholar.Thewoodbridgeisanythingbut（三）haveyettodo…Ihaveyettohearthestory.Ihaveyettolearnthenew（四）maymightaswell…maymightaswell…Itisstillraininghardoutside;wemayaswellstayhereoverthenight.Youmightaswellburnthebookthangivethemto，deny（，lack（，refuse（，escape（，resist（reject（，decline（doub（wonde（fai（，overloo（ceas（，def（forbi（giverefrainlosekeepave…fro（shuttonotrotect(eep,，keep，keep，turn，fall，live，disuade…rom（，keep…darkThespecificationlacksMyhusbandmissedthelastbus,sohehadtogobackhomeonTheerrorincalculationescapedthePleasekeepthenews請這個消息說出去，failure（，abence（，shrtage（，reluctanceinoanc（los（eclusio（，negation（，GreekWecannotfinishtheworkintheabsenceoftheseconditions.ShewasatalosswhatgoEnglishliteratureisGreektofarfro（free，safe，short，ignorantndpenentimatientdeficen（devoid，alien，foreign，blind，，absent，diferent，reluctant，less，dead，theThenewspaperaccountsarefarfrombeing報紙的遠非事實PresentsoffoodareshortofHolidaysarefewandfar放時候并不多Heisthelastmanshewantstoabov（withoubeon（insteadininatbut，in，ataganst（，efore（，…，bese（，but（，ecept，from（，off（，under（，withn（，beneathbeneathoutoutofthequestion（不可能，inthedarkabout（對…不知）等等。ThatlazyboywenttoclassbeforehehadpreparedhisMrSmithwasabovereproach.Herbeautyisbeyondcompare.，not…too（，none，nothing，，no，none，none，not“make（fornot快就，nomorethan（僅僅，只是，nootherthan（只有，正是）等等。Youcan’tbetoocarefulinngThereisnomaterialbutwilldeformmoreorlessundertheactionofItisnomorethanaTheygavemethewrongbook,andIdidn’tnoticeituntilIgotbacktomyNoenergycanbecreated,andnoneNosoundwasNeitherplanisHedoesn’tstudyintheclassroom.IwasnotplayingalltheThewomandidnotcomeheretoaskusforMetalsdonotchangetheirformaseasilyasplasticbodiesShedidnotcomebecauseshewantedtoseeYoushouldnotdespisehimbecauseheisthink,believeexceptsupposeimaginereckon,fancyanticipateIdon’tthinkthattheymusthavearrivedtherebyIdon’tsupposetheywillobjecttomyIdidn’timaginethathewouldgoviewwishbeliefthoughtopinionItisnotmyopinionthatheisthebestmanfortheItisnotmythoughtthathecanfinishtheworkwithinaItisnotmywishthatyoushouldbreakyourMyparcelisasheavyas 一樣重

Sheisasmuchinterestedinmusicas她和以前一樣對音樂感Theeconomicdevelopmentinourcountryisasstablerecentlyas（二）notasorso)…as…Myuncleisnotas(orso)tallasyourPeoplearenotsohonestastheyonce（三）notsomuchas……Hewasnotsomuchangryas“他的是失望，是其次）TheoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteBadwritingiscausednotsomuchbymistakesingrammarasbyweaknessin（四）notsomuchas…notsomuchas…這個結構相當于“noteven……，甚至沒有…notsomuch…as…這個結構的區別。Hedidn’tsomuchasaskmetosetHecannotsomuchasspellaHehadn’tsomuchashisfarehome.二、+thantodo…句型YououghttoknowbetterthantogoswimmingonsuchacoldIhavemoresensethan lhimaboutourIhadabettercommandofEnglishthantomakesuchfoolish（一）moreAthanBmoreAthanB通常用于同一個人或者事物在兩個不同性質或者特征上面的比較。翻譯BAlessAthanB，翻譯為“與其說AHeismoregoodthanHeislessgoodthanHeismoreawriterthanaHeislesscleverthan（二）morethan…IhaveknownhimformorethantwentyIhavemorethantendollarsinmy我口袋里還有十多HeismorethanafathertoHemorethan d,butShewasmorethankindtoHewasmorethanupsetbythemorethancan…則表示“難以…，完全不能…”的意思。ThatismorethanIcanunderstand.Thecoldwasmorethanthechildrencould寒冷是孩子們所受的（三）nomorethan…以翻譯為“和一樣不，不正如…，既不…也不…，…和…兩者都不nomorethan…句型相近，但是意義相反的句型是noless…than…，可以翻譯為“既是…，也…HisgrammarisnobetterthanHeisnomoreawriterthanaHeisnolessawriterthanaIamnomoreapoetthanheisaSuchgoodstudentswehaveneverNotaworddidshesaythewholetwoAtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttouseormenacetousenuclear在任何時候和任何情況下，中國都不會首先使用或使用核（直接按照英語的NeverwilltheygiveupthestruggleforfreedomandMoreseriouswastheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.