八年級上冊語法專題之——形容詞副詞的比較級與最高級形容詞分為三種等級 :原級,比較級與最高級 。一、形容詞的原級及用法形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化)1.表示沒有進行比較或進行同級比較2.可以修飾原級的詞 :very、quite、enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后)so pretty too how rather(相當)(not)as ?as(“(不)像?一樣”,同級比較) notso ?as(“不像?一樣”,同級比較)e.g. Howhappyweare! 我們多么高興啊！Thisrulerisaslongasthatone. 這把尺子和那把一樣長。 (變否定句)Thisrulerisnotas/solongasthatone.二、形容詞比較級最高級變化規(guī)則①單音節(jié)詞比較級在詞尾加 er,最高級加 estcold—colder—coldest tall—taller—tallesthigh—higher—highest long—longer—longest②以字母e結尾的詞只加 r或stnice—nicer—nicest late—later—latestfine—finer—finest③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加 er或estbig—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottestwet—wetter—wettest thin—thinner—thinnest red—redder—reddest fat—fatter—fattestsad—sadder—saddest④以輔音字母+y結尾的詞把 y變i再加er或esteasy—easier—easiest early—earlier—earliestfunny—funnier—funniesthappy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviest dirty—dirtier—dirtiest⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞 (特別是ful結尾及v.+ed/ing構成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞 (fun)在前面加 more或mostinteresting important difficult excitied tiredcareful popular expensive boring fun⑥不規(guī)則變化little—less —least good/well—better—bestbad/ill/badly——worse——worstmany/much——more——mostold——older——oldest(年齡大的,與than連用)old—elder—eldest(年“長的”,只作定語不與 than連用)far——farther——farthest (距離遠)far——further——furthest (除距離外,還指程度上更進一步的 )口訣：合二為一共三對,“壞、病”、“兩多”并“兩好”；一分為二有兩個，一是“遠來”、二是“老”；還有一詞含雙義，只記“少”來不記“小”。◆副詞比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同三、比較級用法1.表示兩者之間進行比較 ,“更?”2.可以修飾比較級的詞 :much=alot (?得多)alittle=abit( 一點點?) even(甚至) far(遠遠?) any(絲毫,稍微,用于否定和疑問句中 )3.比較級標志:than or14.形容詞比較級句式 :①A+be+形容詞的比較級 +than+B. (A比B?)Which/Who+be+形容詞比較級,AorB?(哪個/誰更?,A還是B？)練習寫出下列句子凱特很瘦。凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？瑪麗比凱特更瘦。瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的 ,她是。這個書包和這個箱子不一樣沉。這個書包和這個箱子哪個更沉？這個箱子比書包更沉。5.副詞比較級句式 :①A＋實義動詞＋副詞的比較級＋ thanB. (A?得比B?)②Which/Who+實義動詞三單,AorB? (哪個/誰?得更?,A還是B？)練習寫出下列句子自行車和轎車哪個走得快？轎車比自行車走得快。這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。(上句同義句)___________________________________________6.比較級特殊用法 :①the+比較級+ofthetwo ?——“兩者中較?的”他是兩個男孩中較高的。 He’sthetallerofthetwoboys.②“比較級+and+比較級”或“moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞” —— “越來越?”他越來越高。 He’stallerandtaller.英語越來越重要 Englishismoreandmoreimportant.③The+比較級?,the+比較級? ——“越?,越?”你越快樂就越美麗。 Thehappieryouare,themorebeautifulyouare.④not+比較級+than?—— “不如?,不比?”no+比較級+than?—— “一樣都不?”Youarenottallerthanme. 你不比我高。Youarenotallerthanme.你和我一樣都不高。比較級+thananyother+sig.+in+同一范圍——“比同一范圍中其他任何一個更?”比較級+thanany+sig.+in+非同一范圍——“比非同一范圍中任何一個更?”She’snicerthananyothergirlinherclass.她比班里其他任何一個女孩都漂亮。(主語本身就在比較范圍之中 ,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個比較 )She’snicerthananygirlinhersister .’sclass她比她妹妹班里任何一個女孩都漂亮。(主語不在該較范圍之中 ,因此主語可以與該范圍內任何一個作比較 )◆該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了 in所引導的比較范圍但是仍要用比較級 ,此成為用比較級表示最高級 ,實質是最高級。四、最高級用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比較 ,“最?”2.形容詞最高級前必須加 the,副詞前的the可以省略。3.最高級標志:in of or24.句式:①the+最高級 +(n.)+in+比較范圍我是我們班最聰明的。 I’mthecleverestinourclass.the+最高級+(n.)+of+同類事物這本書是所有書中最有趣的。 Thebookisthemostinterestingofallthebooks.Which/Who+v.(單數(shù))+最高級,A,BorC?Jay,Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？ Whoisthemostpopular,Jay,WillorJJ?五、例題解析與難點攻克◆主語為人時 than后面的比較對象若用代詞用主格還是賓格？請判斷正誤:1.ShelooksnicerthanIdo. ( )ShelooksnicerthanI. ( )Shelooksnicerthanme. ( )Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句 ,該省略句構成為 (主格+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞),而謂語部分可省略 ;than還可以作介詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格◆主語為物時的比較對象的一致性問題2.Herhairislongerthanhermother. ( )Herhairislongerthanhermother (’s. )3.Mybagisbiggerthanyou. ( )Mybagisbiggerthanyour. ( )Mybagisbiggerthanyourbag. ( )Mybagisbiggerthanyours. ( )Notes:比較對象應與主語對等 ,當主語為限定詞 +n.時,than后的其比較對象可為 :①限定詞+n.②名詞所有格(一般省略其后相同的名詞 )③名詞性物主代詞(=形容詞性物主代詞 +n.) mineyourshishersitsourstheirs4.TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanShanghai. ( )TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai. ( )Notes:當主語有后置定語修飾時 ,為保證比較對象一致 ,常用that/thoes指代比較對象。◆比較范圍5.TheChangjingRiveristhelongest____China.TheChangjingRiveristhelongest____alltheriversinChina.Notes:在最高級中,in后跟比較范圍,of后跟進行比較的同類事物。6.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia. ( )ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia( )◆同義句轉換問題7.Heistallerthananyoneelseintheclass.Heistaller_____________studentintheclass.Heistaller________________studentsintheclass.Heisthe________studentintheclass.Notes:同一范圍內比較比較級+thananyother+sig.+in=比較級+thananyoneelse+in ?=比較級+thantheother+pl.+in 只有?同(一范圍比較才能出現(xiàn) other/else)非同一范圍內比較 比較級+thanany+sig.+in ?Thiscoatismoreexpensiverthanthatone.Thatcoatis________thanthisone.Thatcoatisn’t_____big_____thisone.3Notes: A+v.+比較級+than+B (A比B更?)=B+v.+比較級反義詞+than+A (B比A更?)=B+v.+notas(so)?as? (B與A不一樣?)“l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級+than?”“不如?”—降級比較Thatcoatislessexpensivethanthisone.Self-Check一、單項選擇1.Ifeeltired,soIwanttogotobed____tonight.A.early B.earlier C.late D.later2.Thefoodofourcountryis___thanthatof westerncountries.A.rathergoodthan B.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthan D.sogoosas3.Theiceinthelakeisas____asitwasbefore.A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthethinnest4.Whois_____runningstarinyourschool?A.famous B.morefamous C.themostfamous D.lessfamous5.—Whichseasondoyoulike_____? —Summer.A.good B.well C.thebetter D.best6.Lucy’spenis___nicerthanyours.A.too B.more C.quite D.alittle7.—Isyourbrotherasoutgoingasyou?—No,he’saquietboy.Heis________.A.lessoutgoingthanme B.notsocalmasIC.moreoutgoingthanme D.asoutgoingasI8.—Howareyoutoday? —Much____.A.good B.well C.better D.thebest9.Tom’scardisnewerthan____.A.our B.her C.my D.his10.___ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.Nootherflower B.Noanotherflower C.Nototherflower D.Notallflowers11.Marystudiesharder______inherclass.A.asanyone B.thananyothergirlC.thantheother D.thananyone二、用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空1.Heis3timesas_____(old)asme.2.I’mtootiredtogoany_________.(far)3.Whois_____,LilyorLucy?4.Tomisthe_______(heavy)ofthethree.5.Tomisthe_______ofthetwoboys.6.Russiais_______(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7.Hiscomputeristhe_______________(expensive)ofall.8.Youarepretty___________(beautiful).9.Thebookis____________(useful)thanthatone.10.Who’sthe_________(healthy),you,heorshe?11.How______(small)theshirtis!Iwanta________(big)one.12.Youhave_______(short)and______(curly)hairthanSusan.13.Isthisstreetalot______(noisy)thanthatone?14.Ifeelmuch_____________(excited)now.415.Soccerisbecoming_____and_______________(popalar)inChina.16.Mysisterdoesn ’twriteas_____(good)asIdo.17.The______(much)youpractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.18.Nootheranimalis_______(scary)thanasnake.19.Mathisless________(difficult)thanEnglish.20.Whata_______(funny)boy!21.You’re_______(bad)atsportsthanme.22.It ’sthethird_______(long)riverinChina.三、句型轉換1.Ihaveabigbag.Hehasasmallbag. (合并)Mybagis_____than______.2.Youarefunny.He’sfunny,合too并.)You(are______funny_____him.3.TomisthinnerthanSam.(同義句)=Samis______thanTom.=Samisn’tas______asTom.4.HeandIarethesame.Wearequiteboys.(合并)Heis_____quite_____I.5.They’retall.You’retall.too.ButI’mtallerthan(anyone合并)else.I’m___________ofall.【形容詞比較級語法專項練習題】1.Ithinkrealcardsare____thane-cards.(2008北京中考)A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest2.LeecametoBeijingin2005.Hehasbeenhere_____thanyou.(2009北京中考)A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest3.—Whichcolordoyoulike________,blueorgreen?(2010北京中考)—Blue.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest4.Iworkhardthisterm,butPeterworksmuch____.(2012北京中考)A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.thehardest5.Debbieisgrowingfast.Sheiseven____________thanhermother.(2013北京中考)A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest6.—Whichseasondoyoulike_________，winterorsummer?(2014北京中考)—Summer.A.wellB.betterC.bestD.thebest7.Hissuitlooks______thantheoneIboughtyesterday.(2013-2014石景山期末)A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest8.IlikeEnglishverymuch.Ithinkit’salittle____2013than-2014math.朝(陽區(qū)期末)A.easyB.easierC.easiestD.theeasiest9.PeterworkshardonChinesethisterm,butAliceworkseven_______.(2013-2014大興一模)A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.thehardest10.Ithinkskiingis__________thanclimbing.That’swhyIlikeit.A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.mostexcitingD.themostexciting(2013-2014石景山一模)形容詞、副詞（原級、比較級和最高級）練習部分用適當形式填空：Bobis_________(young)thanFredbut___________(tall)thanFred.YingTianisnotas___________(tall)asYongXian.Almostallthestudents'facesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks_______(fat)thanbeforetheholidays,4.Whichis_________ (heavy),ahenorachicken?5.--How_________(tall)isSally?5--She's1.55metres ________ (tall).WhataboutXiaoling?She'sonly1.40metres_____(tall).Sheismuch___(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe___(short)girlintheclass.Heis_____(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch_____(bad)atChineseandheisthe_______(bad)atEnglish.AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personintheworld.Heisoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.9.Adictionaryismuch_________ (expensive) thanastory-book.Anorangeisalittle______(big)thananapple,butmuch________(small)thanawatermelon.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.Sueisalittle________(beautiful)thanhersister.13.Myroomisnotas _________ (big)asmybrother's.14.--Howdifficultisphysics?--I'mnotsure. --Isit________(difficult)thanmaths?--Idon’tthinkso.15.Annieplaysthepianovery_____(well).Sueplaysit___(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe____(well).16.Saturdayismy_________(busy)dayinaweek.17.Hermotherisgetting____________(fat)and________(fat).18.Ithinkit’stooexpensiveke.Ia’dli(cheap)one.19.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.20.Thisbookisnotas_____________(interesting)asthatone.Yourclassroomis__________(wide)and_________(bright)thanours.Practiseas__________(much)asyoucan.The________(much),the____________(good).NowadaysEnglishis_________(important)thananyothersubject,1think.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch________(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe______(dangerous)animalintheworld.II改錯：HeisastallerasIam.Sheisalittlethinerthanshelooks.Bobisheavierthananyotherboysintheclass.4.Thegirlsstudythebetterthantheboy.ItisoneofthemostinterestingbookthanIhaveeverread.HesaysMaryismostfriendliestpersonintheclass.Whichcityismostbeautiful,BeijingorGuangzhou?Jackworkshard.MikeworksveryharderthanJack.LondonisthebiggercityinBritain.10.BobplaysfootballbadlybutFredplaysfootballmuchbadlierthanBob.完成句子：1她看起來不如瑪麗年輕。 Shedoesn'tlook_____________________________Mary.2.杰克的父親比母親大一歲。Jack'sfatheris____________________________thanhermother.3.我們的教室比他們的明亮得多。 Ourclassroomis______________________thantheirs.4.當心！這條路越來越危險。Lookout!Themadisbecoming________and_________________.5.你喜歡哪種動物，貓還是狗？ Whichanimaldoyoulike__________,acatoradog?Ⅳ單項選擇1.Thisboxis________thatone.A.heavythan B.soheavythan C.heavieras D.asheavyas62.Whenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbe__________.A.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossiblyC.aspolitelyaspossibleD.aspolitelyaspossibly3.Thisbookis______thatone,but______thanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC.asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD.moredifficultas;asexpensive4.Ithinkthestoryisnotso____asthatone.A.interestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting5.Hisfatherbegantowork______hewassevenyearsold.A.asoldasB.asearlyasC.sinceD.while6.Ithinkscienceis_______thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportant7.Thispencilis______thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong8.Mymotherisno_______young.A.shorterB.longerC.littleD.few9.Thesechildrenare________thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller10.Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis____today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhot11.Mrs.Blackhasgot_______insteadofgettinganybetter.A.morebadB.alittleworseC.muchbadlyD.alotofworse12.Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith_______students.A.quiteafewB.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquite13.Thehouseis_______smallforafamilyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.so14.Throughthewindowwecanseenothingbut_______buildings.A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall15.-What'syourbrotherlike?-Heis_______.A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschool16.Thejacketwasso_______thathedecidedtobuyit.A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheap17.Ourclassroomis________largerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much18.Theearthisabout___asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig19.Yourroomis________mine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas20.Yourroomis________thanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes21.Hisfatheris________thanhismother.;A.olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears22.Mathsismorepopularthan____.A.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjectsC.anysubjectD.othersubject23.Chinaislargerthan_________inAfrica.A.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountry24.Tomisstrongerthan________inhisclass.7A.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy25.Whenspringcomes,itgets_________.A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter26.Byandby,_________studentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandleast27.Atlasthebegantocry__________.A.hardandhardB.morehardandmorehardC.harderandharderD.lesshardandlessharder28.Whenspringcomesthedaysget_______andnights________.A.short;longB.long;shortC.longer;shorterD.shorter;longer29._______Ilookatthepicture,_________Ilikeit.A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;thelessC.Themore;lessD.More;themore30._______hereadthebook,_______hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Theless;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested31._______youcomeback,_______itwillbe.A.Thequicker;thebestB.Thesooner;thebetterC.Faster;thebetterD.Thesooner;better32.Ilike_______oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older33.Whichis________country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD.largest34.Ofthetwocups,hebought________.A.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.smallD:smaller35.Whichdoyoulike_______,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most36.Thisworkis_______formethanforyou.A.difficultB.mostdifficultC.muchdifficultD.moredifficult37.Whichdoyouthinktastes_______,thechickenorthefish?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well38.Thebookis________ofthetwo.A.thinnerB.thethinnerC.morethinnerD.thethinnest部分1.-Whichis________seasoninBeijing?-Ithinkit'sautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.Thesecond-handcameraismuch_____thanthatnewone.A.cheapB.cheaperC.dearD.dearest3.Anelephantis________thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavier4."Whichanimaldoyoulike_______?""Ilikeallkindsofanimals."A.betterB.bestC.veryD.well5.-TheTVprogrammeisboring.Shallweplaychessinstead?-Allright.Thatis_____thanwatchingaboringTVprogramme.A.verygoodB.muchgoodC.verybetterD.muchbetter6.Theriver_____tothesea.Itis______oneinthecountry.A.runs,thelongestB.runs,alongerC.isrun,thelongestD.run,alongest87.-Whichisyourfavoritevegetable?-________vegetables,Ilikecabbage________.A.Of,betterB.Ofallthe,bestC.With,betterD.With,best8.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis________ofthethree.A.mosttallB.thetallestC.taller9.Whichdoyoulike________,tea,milkorjuice?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best三選擇1.Sheis________than________.A.busier/usB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/we2.Janeis________thanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastall3.Chinais________countryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargest4.-Whichis____seasoninBeijing?--Ithinkit'sautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest5.-Whichis__________,thesun,themoonortheearth?--Ofcourse,themoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest6.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_____nowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest7.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_____thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest8．IstudyEnglishas_______asmybrother.A.hardB.harderC.hardest9.Whichis_____,abicycleoracomputer?A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensive10.TheYellowRiverisoneof______riversinChina.AlongBlongerCthelongest四.選擇1.WhichdoesJimmylike_____,ChineseorArt?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_____intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.longestriversC.thelongestriversD.longerrivers3.___ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.A.ThebeautifulB.ThemorebeautifulC.MorebeautifulD.Themostbeautiful4.Mymooncakeisnicer_____his.A.likeB.withC.forD.than5.Youarefatterthan_____.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumpsthe_____ofthethree.A.farB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest7.Myhairislongerthan_____.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother’sD.Lucys’8.Thereare_____paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle9.Thepenis_____thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper910.TomspeaksChinese_____betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotofD.much11.Thereare_____girlsinClassTwothaninClassFour.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.best12.It’stooforyoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohas_____applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.But_____arenicerthan_____.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your15.Tingtingis_____thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_____thanTingting.A.all,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.taller,stronger16.Motheris_____inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.Thereare_____intheparkonSunday.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples18.-Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.-Willyoupleaseshowmea_____one?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest19.Nooneis_____Maryintheclass.A.sotallestasB.astallerasC.sohighasD.sotallas20.Thisbikeis_____thanthatone.A.twentyyuandearB.twentyyuandearerC.deartwentyyuanD.dearertwentyyuan五、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Yourclassroomis_____(wide)and_____(bright)thanours.2.Thereare_____(few)hoursofsunlightadayinwinterthaninsummer.3.Whichdoyoulike_____(well),mathsorchemistry?4.Thisisthe_____(good)filmIhaveeverseen.5.Africaisthesecond_____(large)continent.6.Whathesaidmadehismothermuch_____(angry).7.I’mnotas_____(careful)ashe.8.We’vegotas_____(many)booksasweneed.9.Praticeas_____(much)asyoucan.10.Theyhavedone_____(much)workwith_____(little)money.11.You’rethe_____(kind)personI’veevermet.12.Heis_____(young)thanhistwosisters.13.The_____(old)Iget,the_____(strong)Iseemtofeel.14.Theweatherisgetting_____(warm)and_____(warm).15.Summeris_____(hot)seasonoftheyear.10比較級的基本用法及常用句型結構1）含義：兩個人或事物之間的比較2）標志詞：than（比）★★①可以修飾比較級的副詞：much（?得多）a