劍橋雅思7聽力原稿(純手打)劍橋雅思7聽力原稿(純手打)劍橋雅思7聽力原稿(純手打)資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月劍橋雅思7聽力原稿(純手打)版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發布日期：Test1Section1Hello,thisislandtransportinformationatTorontoairport,howmayIhelpyouGoodmorning,I’mflyingtoTorontoairportnextweekandIneedtogettoatowncalledMilton.CouldyoutellmehowIcangetthereMiltondidyousayLetmesee,Ithinkthat’sabout150milessouthwestofhere,infactit’s147milestobeexact.Soitwilltakeyouatleastsay3-4hoursbyroad.IsitasfarasthatYesI’mafraidso.Butyouhaveanumberofoptionstogetyouthereandyoucanalwaysrentacarrighthereattheairportofcourse.Right,well,Idon’treallywanttodrivemyself,soI’dlikemoreinformationaboutpublictransport.Ok,inthatcase,thequickestandmostcomfortableisacabandofcourse,therearealwaysplentyavailable,butitwillcostyou.YoucanalsotakeagreyhoundbusorthereisanairportshuttleservicetoMilton.Ithinkforthatkindofdistancecabwouldbewaybeyondmybudget.ButthebussoundsOK,canyoutellmehowmuchthatwouldcostSure,let’ssee.Thatwouldbe15dollarsoneway,orreturn,that'sonthegreyhound.That’squitecheap,great.WhereaboutsdoesitstopinMiltonItgoesdirectlyfromtheairportheretothecitycentre,andit'sprettyfast,butyouhavetobearinmindthatthereisonlyonedepartureaday,soitdependswhattimeyourflightgetsin.Ofcourse.Hangon,we’reduetogetthereatamToobad,thebusleavesat,soyouwouldhavequiteawait,morethan4hours.Isee.Well,whatabouttheshuttleyoumentionedOk,that'stheairportshuttlethatwilltakeyoufromtheairportrighttoyourhotel.It’sadoor-to-doorserviceanditwillsuityoumuchbetterbecausethereisoneevery2hours.SohowmuchdoesthatcostLet’ssee,that’s35dollarsoneway,65dollarsreturn.SoIguessit’sabitmoreexpensivethanthegreyhound.Thatdoesn’tsoundtoobad,especiallyifitwilltakemestraighttothehotel.Butyoudoneedtoreserveaseat.Ok,isitpossibletomakeabookingrightnow,throughyouSure.Ok,Ijusthavetofillthisformoutforyou.SowhatdatedoyouwanttobookthisforThe16thofOctober,oh,no,sorry,that’smydeparturedate,Iarriveonthe17th,sobookitforthenplease.Sothat’stheTorontoairportshuttletoMilton,andthisisforjustoneperson,orYeah,justmeplease.Right,yousaidyourexpectedtimeofarrivalwassoifIbookyourshuttleforafter12,let’ssay,thatshouldgiveyouplentyoftimeto,youknow,collectyourbaggage,maybegrabacoffee.Yes,thatsoundsfine.AslongaswelandontimeWell,we’lltakeyourflightdetails.Soyoudon’tneedtoworrytoomuchaboutthat.Now,what’saboutthefareWhatsortofticketdoyouwantOneway,orYeah,that'llbefine,providedthatIcanbookthereturntriponceI’mthere.Noproblem,justallowacoupleofdaysinadvancetomakesureyougetaseat.AndwhatisyournamepleaseJanetThomson.Ok,andyou'llbecomingfromtheUKWhatflightwillyoubetravellingonIt’sairCanadaflightnumberAC936fromLondonHeathrowRight,nowdoyouknowwhereyou’llbestayingWeneedtogivethedriveranaddress.Yes,it’scalledthevacationmotel,andIthinkit'snearthetowncentre,anyway,theaddressis24kitchenerstreet.That'sfine.Right,sothat’s35dollarstopayplease.HaveyougotyourcreditcardnumberthereYes,it’savisacard,andthenumberis3303845020456837Ok,well,thatseemstobeeverything.HaveagoodtripandwewillseeyouinTorontonextweek.Yes,bye,oh,thanksforyourhelp.Section2Thankyouallforcomingtomytalkthisevening.It’snicetoseesomanypeopleintheaudience.Forthoseofyouwhodon’tknowverymuchaboutPScamping,letmestartbygivingyousomebackgroundinformationaboutthecompany.Thecompanystarted25yearsago,itactuallyopenedasaretailchainsellingcampingequipment,andthen,20yearsago,itboughtasmallnumberofcampsitesintheUKandbeganofferingcampingholidays.ThecompanygrewrapidlyandhasbeenprovidingholidaysincontinentalEuropeforthelast15years.Ifyoubookacampingholidaywithus,you’llhaveachoiceover300sites.InItaly,wenowhavesome64sitesthatweeitherownorhaveexclusiveuseof.FranceiswherewehavethemajorityofsitesandwecurrentlyhaveaprojecttoexpandintoSwitzerland.WealsohaveanumberofsitesinnorthernSpain,particularlyinthemountainousregionofPicosdeEuropa.We’veupgradedalltheseSpanishsitesandimprovedthemconsiderablyfromtheirregional3-starrating.Webelieveourholidaysoffersuperbfacilitiesforthewholefamily.Parentswhowanttheirchildrentobefullyoccupiedforallorpartofthedaycantakeadvantageofourchildren’sactivities.Theseareorganizedbyourwell-qualifiedandenthusiasticstaff.Eachdaykicksoffwithasportsmatch,perhapsforballorvolleyball,followedbyanhourofdramaforeveryone,thismayincludesingingordancing,mimeorotheractivities.Intheafternoon,thereisadifferentartactivityforeachdayoftheweekincludingapostercompetitionormodelmaking.What’smore,oursitesaretrulychild-friendlyandwiththisinmind,andweoperatea‘no-noise’ruleintheevenings.Children’seveningactivitiesusuallyfinishatoroccasionallyandfromholiday-makersareexpectedtobequietintheareaswheretherearetents.WewantnothingtogowrongonaPScampingholiday.Butifitdoes,wealsowantallourcustomerstobeinsured.Ifyouhaven’torganizedanannualinsurancepolicyofyourown,you'llneedtotakethelow-costcoverweoffer,andwerequirethatyouarrangethiswhenyoumakeyourholidayreservation.TherearemanyadvantagestochoosingPScampingandtorecommendingittoothers.Asaregularcustomeryou'llbekeptinformedofspecialoffers,andyourfriendscanbenefitfrom10%offtheirholiday,orbookaluxurytentforthepriceofastandardone.Inreturn,we'llsendyouathank-youpresentwhichyoucanchoosefromalistofhigh-qualityitems.Whenitcomestoourtents,theseareequippedtothehigheststandard.Wereallydothinkofeveryessentialdetailfromanovenandcookingringsfuelledbybottledgastomirrorsinthebedroomareas.Ifyoudon’twanttocookindoors,youcanborrowabarbecueifyouaskinadvanceforonetobemadeavailable.Andthere’sevenapicnicblankettositonoutsideyourtent.Inside,aboxofgamesandtoyscanbefound,andchildren’stentscanbehiredifrequired.Alltentshaveafridge,andifyouwanttospendthedayonthebeachforexample,askforaspeciallydesignedPScampingcoolbox,whichwillkeepyourfoodanddrinkschilled.Thereareexcellentwashingfacilitiesatalloursiteswithwashingmachinesandclotheslinesinthecentralareasalongwithmopsandbucketsincaseyourtentneedscleaningduringyourstay.Allsiteshaveacaféandorashopforthosewho’drathereatinthandineatalocalrestaurant.Section3You’vebothbeenlookingatdifferentstylesofmanagingindividualsincompaniesandworkplace,howistheresearchgoingFillerI’vebeenlookingatwhyindividualism,Imeanindividualdifferencesaresuchanimportantareaofmanagementstudies.Whenyouthinkaboutanyorganization,beitafamilybusinessoramultinationalcompany,thereareallfundamentallyagroupofpeopleworkingtogether.Butit‘swhattheseindividualscontributetotheirplacesofworkthatmakesyourealizehowimportanttheyare.Ofcoursetheybringdifferentideas,butit’salsotheirattitudesandexperiencesoflearning.Diversityisimportantintheseareastoo.SowhydopeoplebehavesodifferentlyfromoneanotheratworkTherearelotsofreasons.Butresearchhasshownthatalotofitcomesdowntopersonalityandtheotherfactisgender.It’sawellknownfactthatmenandwomendolotsofthingsindifferentways,andtheworkplaceisnodifferent.DidyoulookattheeffectsofthisvariationoncompaniesYesIdid.Onthepositiveside,exposuretosuchdiversityhelpsencouragecreativity,whichisgenerallyanassettoacompany.Butunfortunately,individualdifferencesarealsotherootofconflictbetweenstaffandtheycanleadtodifficultiesformanagement,whichcansometimesbeserious.SonowIguessthetwomainthingstorememberherearetoidentifyindividualtalentandthentoutilizeit.Sojanet,youwerelookingatindentifyingdifferenttalentsinworkers,doyouthinkit’seasyformanagerstodoWell,currently,teamworkisinfashionintheworkplace,andinmyopinion,theimportanceoftheindividualisgenerallyneglected.Whatmanagershouldbetargetingisthoseemployeeswhocantaketheleadinasituation,andarenotafraidtoaccepttheideaofresponsibility.That’struejanet,butunfortunately,manymanagersthinkthattheentirenotionofencouragingindividualityamongsttheirstaffisfartoohard.Yes,thatmaybetrue.ButIthinkoneofthemostimportanttasksofmanagersistoconsidertheneedsofindividualononehand,andgroupco-operationandconformityontheother.Itrequirescreativethinkingonthepartofmanagementtoavoidtension.So,whatkindofpeopledoyouthinkcompaniesshouldbelookingforIthastostartfromtheverybeginningwhencompaniesarelookingfornewemployees,whenthepersonneldepartmentischoosingbetweenapplicants,theyneedtolookforsomeonewho'sbrokenthemouldandcanthinkforthemselves.Instead,peoplemakingthesedecisionsoftenusearangofpsychologicalteststoseeifapersonisaproblemsolverorwilldoasthey’retold.I'mnotconvincedthesequalitiesareactuallythemostimportant.SodoyouthinkbeingagoodteamplayerisoverratedNo,it’snotoverrated,youdoneedtolearntherulesandlearnthemfast,noindividualcangetaroundthisifyou’reworkinginanorganization.SohowshouldmanagersdealwiththisRewards.Whenanindividualdemonstratesthebehaviortheorganizationexpects,somekindofincentivecanbegiven.What’simportanthereisthatthishappensrightatthebeginning,sonewrecruitslearntherulesofthesystemimmediately.Also,theincentiveshouldbesomethingtheindividualactuallywantsandthisisn’talwaysjustmoney.TocomebacktoyouFiller,youweresayingthatrecognitionofgoodperformersisessential.WhatelseshouldmanagersbelookingforWell,managingpeoplemeansyounotonlyhaveanunderstandingofyouremployees,butyoualsorecognizethecultureoftheorganization.Infact,forsomeorganizationscreativityandindividualitymaybethelastthingtheywanttoseeduringworkinghours.Verytrue.Butmanagingpeopleisn’taseasyasitlooks,forexample,changeintheworkplacecanbequitetricky,especiallyifthereisaneedtoincreaseprofit.Andattimeslikethese,managersmayhavetogiveprioritytoprofitratherthanindividualstaffneeds.Yes,thatcreatesdifficultsituationsforpeople.Yes,butwhat’simportantisthatmanagersareabletodealwithquitehighlevelsofpersonalstress,duringtimesofchange,theyshouldbethinkingnotonlyaboutthestrainontheirstaff,buttaketimeouttothinkofthemselves.Absolutely.Section4Goodafternooneveryone,thisisthefirstseminarinpreparationforourarchaeologicalfieldworkinNamibia.Wearefantasticallyluckytohavereceivedpartialresearchfindingforthistripfromourinstitute.SoIshallexpect200%attentionandparticipationfromyouall.Firstinthisseminar,I’mgoingtogiveabriefintroductiontocontemporaryresearchonrockart.Andinthesecondpart,I’mgoingtogiveyousomedosanddon'tsforourfieldworktripinApril.Sopleaselistenverycarefully.I’mfirstgoingtofocusontheinterpretationofrockartinNamibia.Weareveryfortunatetobegoingtoanareawhereyoucanfindsomeofthemostimportantsitesintheentireworld,andIhopetoshowyouhoweasyitisforeveryonetomakemistakesinlookingatcultureswhicharedifferentfromourown,thefirstandmostimportantlessonwehavetolearn.InNamibiatherearebothpaintingsandengravings,that'swherethesurfaceoftherockiscutout.Manyoftheengravingsshowfootprintsofanimalsandmostscholarsusedtothinkthatthepurposeofthesewassimpleandobvious.Thisrockartwaslikeaschoolbookwithpicturestoteachchildrenabouttracks,whichtrackbelongedtowhichanimal,giraffe,lionandsoon.Butthereweresomemysteries.First,whenyoulookatatypicalNamibianpaintingorengraving,youseethatthetracksarerepeated.Therearedozensoftracksforthesameanimal.You'dexpectjustoneclearillustrationifthereason,theaim,wastoteachtracking.Now,thereweretwomoreproblems.Whyaresomeoftheengravingsofanimalsveryaccurateasyou’dexpect,allclearlyidentifiable,andothersquiteunrealisticAndanothermystery,someoftheseunrealisticanimals,that’sintheengravings,seemtobehalfhuman,some,forexample,havegothumanfaces.Manyresearchersnowthinkthatthesewerepicturesthewisemenengravedofthemselves.Theybelievedtheycouldusemagictocontroltheanimalsastheyhaddrawn.Sothehunterscouldthencatchthemforfood.Thisshowsyousomeofthedangersofcomingfromoneculturetoanother,aswewillbedoing,withoutunderstandingitfully.Scholarsimaginedthatchildrenlookedatrockartpicturestolearntotrack,justbecausetheythemselveshadlearntskillsfrompictures.Manyresearchersnowbelievethatrockarthadamuchmorecomplexpurpose.Andwe’lltalkmoreaboutitnextweek.NowbeforeIinviteyoutojoininadiscussioninthissecondpartoftheseminar,I’dliketomakesomeveryimportantpointsaboutourfieldwork.Andinfactanyfiledtriptolookatrockart.We'regoingtoanumberofsitesandwewon'talwaysbetogether.Singlelargestproblemfacedbypeoplewhomanagethesitesis,yes,I’msureyou’veguessed,damagecausedbyvisitors,eventhoughit’susuallyunintentional.Wheneveryoudogotoasite,don'tforgetyoucanlearnmanythingsfromobservingatadistanceinsteadofwalkingalloverit.Thiscanreallyhelptoreducevisitorpressure.Peopleoftensay,well,thereisonly2ofus,andjustthisonetime.Butmaybethousandofpeoplearesayingthesamething.Andthen,somebasicrulestoguideyou.We’llhaveourowncampnearavillage,butremembernevertocamponasiteifyougoonyourown.Itmaybedisrespectfultothepeopleofthatculture.Andcertainlydon’tmakefires,howeverromanticmayseem.It'sreallydangerousindryareas,andyoucaneasilyburnpricelessundiscoveredmaterialbydoingso.SohowwegoingtoenjoytherockartonourfiledtripBylookingatit,drawingitandphotographingit,neverbytouchingitoreventracingit.Rockartisfragileandprecious.Remembertheclimbingonrocksandincavescandestroyinamomentwhathaslastedforcenturies.So,noheroicsinNamibiaplease.Trytobeextracarefulandhelpotherstobetoo.Oh,andlastly,pleasedon’tevenmoverocksorbranchestotakephotographs,youshouldleavethesiteintact,I’msureIcanrelyonyoutodothat.Well,thataboutallIwanttosaybeforetoday’sfirstdiscussion,butifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskthemnow.Anddon’tforgetyou'llfindsomefascinatinginformationaboutworld-widesitesontheinternet.Right,firstquestionthen.Test2Section1Hello,motorinsurancedepartmentOh,hello,I’dliketoaskaboutinsuranceformycar.Yes,ofcourse,I’lljusttakeafewdetails.What’syournamePatrickJones.AndyouraddressIt’s27bankroad27bankroad,isthatinGreendaleYesAndwhat’syourdaytimephonenumberMyworknumberis730453CouldIaskwhatyouroccupationisDentistOk,now,afewdetailsaboutyourcar.What’ssizeoftheengineIt’s1200ccAndthemakeandmodelIt’saHewtonSableCouldyouspellthemodelnamepleaseYes,sable.Oh,yes,thanks.Whenwasitmade1997Lovely.Right,Ipresumeyou’vehadapreviousinsurerYes.Right,weneedtoknowthenameofthecompany.Yes,itwasnorthernstar.Thankyou.HaveyoumadeanyinsuranceclaimsinthelastfiveyearsYes,onein1999AndwhatwastheproblemItwasstolen,but…That’sfine,MrJones.That’sallweneedtoknowatthemoment.AndwilltherebeanyothernameddriversJusttheoneAndhisnameSimonPaynterOK,thankyou.AndwhatrelationshipishetoyouHeismybrother-in-lawAndwhatwillyouorMrPaynterbeusingthecarforWell,mainlyforsocialuse.WillyoubeusingittotraveltoworkYes,sometimesAnythingelseNo,that’sit.Andfinally,whenwouldyouliketostarttheinsuranceI’llneeditfromthe31stofJanuaryRight,MrJones.I’mgettingacoupleofquotescominguponthecomputernow.andthebestbetlookslikebeingwiththecompanycalledredflag.YeahAndthatcomesoutat450dollarsperyear.Cool,thatseemsok,it’squiteabitlowerthanI’vebeenpayinguptonow.Great.SowouldyoulikemetogoaheadwiththatSure,whynotHowwouldyouliketopaySection2Thankyouforcallingthetouristline,therearemanydifferentwaysofgettingroundthecity.Andwe’dliketosuggestsomeyoumaynothavethoughtof.HowaboutacitytripbyboatThereare4mainstoppingpoints,fromwesttoeast:stopAgreenbanks,stopBcitybridge,stopCromanlandingandstopDnewtown.YoucanfindthemainbookingofficeatstopA.Thefistboatleavesat8amandthelastoneatpm.Therearealsomanyattractionsyoucanvisitalongtheriver.AtstopA,ifyouhavetime,youcanvisitthefine16thcenturypalaceherebuiltforthekingwithitsbeautifulformalgardens.It’sverynearthebookingoffice.Nowyoucanenjoyeverycornerofthissuperbresidence.StopB,whydon’tyouvisittowerrestaurantwithitswiderangeofrefreshments.Thisisaplacewhereyoucansitandenjoythewonderfulviewsoftheoldcommercialandbankingcenterofthecity.StopCistheareawhere,inthefirstcenturyAD,invadingsoldierscrossedtheriver.Thiswasmuchshallowerthanitisnow.That’swhythisareaiscalledromanlanding.Thereisaninteractivemuseumtovisitherewithalargeshopwhichhasagoodrangeoflocalhistorybooks.Atthefurthestpointofthetrip,stopD,themostexcitingplacetovisit,isthenewentertainmentcomplexwith7-screencinema,bowlingalleyandvideogamesarcade.Besidestheboattours,therearecitybuses.2companiesofferspecialservices.ThetopbuscompanyrunsallitstourswithalivecommentaryinEnglish.Toursleavefromamevery20minutes.Therearedeparturesfromcentralstation,castlehillandlongwalk.Thisisahop-onhop-offservice,andticketsarevalidfor24hours.Forfurtherdetails,calltopbuson010.Thenumberonesightseeingtourisavailablewithacommentaryin8languages.Busesdepartfromcentralstationevery5-6minutesfromabout9amwiththelastbusataround7pm.Therearealsonumber1serviceswithanEnglish-speakingguide.Section3We’repleasedtowelcomeDr.MerrywhetheroftheAntarcticcenterinChristchurch,NewZealand,whohascomealongtotalktoustodayabouttheroleofthecenterandtheAntarctictreaty.Nowmyfirstquestionisaboutthechoiceoflocationforthecenter.WWellactually,newZealandisthesecondclosestcountrytoAntarctica,andChristchurchisoftenusedonAntarcticexpeditionsRight,soit’sbecauseofwhereweare,coupledwithourhistoricalrole.SotelluswhatisthemainpurposeofthecenterWellwehave2complementaryroles,oneisasascientificbaseforexpeditionsandresearch,andtheotherisasaninformationcenter.Tellussomethingabouttheroleasascientificbase.Weareabletoprovideinformationaboutwhatscientistsshouldtakewiththemtothesouthpole.Forexample,thecentercontainsaclothingwarehousewhereexpeditorsaresuppliedwithsuitableclothingfortheextremeconditionsIsupposeyouneedabitmorethanyournormalwintercoat.Yesexactly.Andthenthere’salsoasthespecialistlibraryandmappingservices.Right,andwhichcountriesareactuallylocatedatthecenterWell,thecenterhousesresearchprogrammesforNewZealand,forTheUnitedStatesaswellasforItaly,thereisevenaUSpostofficeattheAmericanairforcebasehere.ReallyWhatdoesthevisitor’scenterofferWellsinceveryfewpeoplewilleverexperiencetheAntarcticfirsthand,thevisitor’scenteraimsrecreatetheatmosphereofAntarctica.There’samockcampsitewhereyoucanseeinsideanAntarctictentandimagineyourselfsleepingthere.AndthecenteralsoactsasashowcasefortheuniqueinternationalcooperationwhichexistsinAntarcticWhatisitactuallylikeatthesouthpoleIknowyou’vebeenthereonanumberofoccasions.Yes,Ihave,andeachtimeI’mstruckbytheawesomebeautyoftheplace,it’smagnificentbutyoucanreallyonlyvisititinthesummermonths.OctobertoMarch.Yes.Becauseit’scompletelydarkfor4monthsoftheyearandinaddition,ithastobethecoldestplaceonearth.ColderthantheNorthPole,whyisthatWell,unliketheNorthPolewhichisactuallyafrozensea,Antarcticaisalandmassshapedlikeadome,withtheresultthatthewindsblowdowntheslopesatspeedsofupto150kilometersanhour.Andthat’siswhatmakesitsocold.AndoneotherinterestingthingisthatAntarcticaisthedriestcontinentonearth,surprisingly,andsoyouhavetodrinklargeamountsofwaterwhenyouHowoldisAntarcticWe’reprettysureitwaspartofalargerlandmassbutitbrokeawayfromtherestofthecontinent170millionyearsagoHowcanyoubecertainofthisBecausefossilsandrockshavebeendiscoveredinAntarcticawhicharethesameasthosefoundinplacessuchasAfricaandAustralia.AmazingtothinkthatitwasonceattachedtoAfrica.Now,let’sjusthavealookattheAntarctictreaty.HowfarbackdoestheideaofaninternationaltreatygoWell,asfarasbackinthe19thcenturywhen11nationsorganizedaninternationaleventWhenwasthatexactlyIn1870,anditwascalledthePolarResearchMeeting.Andthennotlongafterthat,theyorganizedsomethingcalledtheFirstInternationalPolarYear.AndthattookplacewhenexactlyOver2yearsfrom1882to1883,butitwasn’tuntilthe1950sthattheideaofaninternationaltreatywasproposed.Andin1959,thetreatywasactuallysigned.WhatdoyouseeasthemainachievementsofthetreatyWell,firstly,itmeansthatthecontinentisreservedforpeacefuluse.That’sarticle1,isn’titYesThat’simportantsincetheterritorybelongstoeveryone.Yes,butnotasimportantasarticle5,whichprohibitsanynuclearexplosionsorwastedisposal.Whichismarvelous.Well,I’mafraidwearegoingtohavetostoptherebecauseI’mafraidwe’verunoutoftime.ThanksforcomingalongtodayandtellingusallaboutthecenteranditsworkSection4Mytopicishandedness,whetherindifferentsportsitisbettertobeleft-orright-sidedorwhetheramorebalanceapproachismoresuccessful.I’mleft-handedmyself.AndIactuallydidn’tseeanyrelevancetomyownlifewhenIhappenedtostartreadinganarticlebyasportspsychologistcalledPeterMethews.Hespentthefirstpartofthearticletalkingabouthandednessinmusicinsteadofsport,whichIhavetosayalmostputmeofffromreadingfurther.ButwhatIsoonbecamestruckbywasthesheervolumebothobservationandinvestigationhehaddoneinmanydifferentsports.AndIfeltpersuadedthatwhathehadtosaywouldbeofrealinterest.Ithinkmethews’sfindingswillbebeneficial,notsomuchinhelpingsportspeopletoworkontheirweakerside,butmorethattheycanhelpthemidentifythemostsuitablestrategiestouseinagivengame.Althoughmosttrainersknowhowimportanthandednessis,atpresenttheyareratherreluctanttomakeuseoftheinsightsscientistlikemathewscangive,whichIthinkisrathershort-sightedbecausefocusingonindividualflexibilityisonlypartofthestory.Anyway,backtothearticle,mathewsfoundaGermanstudywhichlookedatwhathecalledmixhandedness,thatisthecapacitytousebothleftandrighthandsequally.Itlookedatmixhandednessin40musiciansonavarietyofinstruments.Researchersexaminedanumberofvariables,forexample,typeofinstrumentplayedregularityofpracticeundertakenandlengthoftimeplayinginstrument,andfoundthefollowing:keyboardplayershadhighlevelsofmixhandednesswhereasstringplayerslikecellistandviolinistsstronglyfavoredonehand.Also,thosewhostartedyoungerweremoremixhanded.Methewsalsoreportsstudiesofhandednessinapes.Apesgetalargeproportionoftheirfoodbyfishingantsfromanthills.Thestudiesshowthatapes,likehuman,showhandedness,thoughforthemright-andleft-handednessisaboutequal,whereasabout85%ofhumansareright-handed.Studiesshowedthatapesconsistentlyusingthesamehandfishedout30%moreantsthanthosevaryingbetweenthetwo.Methewsstartedresearchingseveraldifferentsportsandfounddifferenttypesofhandednessineach.Bytheway,heuseshandednesstorefertothedominantsideforfeetandeyesaswellashands,anyway,histeammeasuredthehand,feetandeyesof2611playersandfoundthattherewerereally3maintypesoflaterality:mix,youworkequallywellonbothsides,bothhandandeye;single,youtendtofavoronesidebutbothhandandeyefavorthesameside;andcross-laterality,aplayer’shandsandeyesfavoronlyonesidebuttheyareoppositesides.Let’sstartwithhockey.Methewsfoundthatitwasbesttobemix-handed,thisisbecauseahockeystickmustbedeployedin2directions.Itwouldbeadrawbacktohavehandoreyefavoringoneside.Aninterestingfindingisthatmix-handedhockeyplayersweresignificantlymoreconfidentthantheirsingle-handedcounterparts.Thingsareslightlydifferentinracketsportsliketennis.Heretheimportantthingistohavethedominanthandandeyeontheoneside.Thismeansthatthereisabiggerareaofvisiononthesidewheremostoftheactionoccurs.Ifaplayeriscrosslateral,theracketisinvisiblefromthedominanteyeformuchoftheswing.Itmeansthattheycanonlymakecorrectionsmuchlaterandoftenthedamagehasbeendonebythen.Andmovingtoaratherdifferenttypeofsp