國際貿易實務（雙語）

(InternationalTradePracticeInChineseandEnglish)制作人：郝美彥理論電子課件國際貿易實務（雙語）(InternationalTra1第一章國際貿易術語第二章主要貿易條件第三章商品的價格第四章國際貨物運輸第五章國際貨物運輸保險第六章國際貨款的收付第七章檢驗、索賠、不可抗力與仲裁第八章合同的磋商第九章合同的履行第十章國際貿易方式課件目錄第一章國際貿易術語課件目錄2第一章國際貿易術語InternationalTradeterms

Ⅰ貿易術語及國貿易際慣例(tradetermsandinternationalcustomarypractices)國際貿易術語的含義及作用有關貿易術語的國際慣例

返回目錄Ⅰ貿易術語及國貿易際慣例返回目錄3★Case(案例)：

OneimportandexportcompanyexportedhisgoodsundertheCIFterm.Thesellerdeliveredthegoodsonboardthevesselontimeandpreparedallnecessarydocuments.Butthevesselstrandedandsankinafewhoursafterdeparture.Thenextday,whentheselleraskedforpaymentwithfullsetofdocumentsinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyerrefusedtoacceptthedocumentsandrejectedpaymentbecausehisgoodshavebeenlost.Isitreasonableforthebuyertodoso?Why?返回目錄★Case(案例)：

Oneimport4１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerms（貿易術語的定義）:

FOBLONDONThetradetermsrefertousingabriefEnglishconceptorabbreviationtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.返回目錄１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerm52、Internationalcustomarypractices

(國際貿易慣例)Warsaw-----OxfordRules1932《華沙牛津公約》RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions《1941美國對外貿易修訂本》InternationalRulesFortheInterpretationofTradeTerms《國際貿易術語解釋通則》返回目錄2、Internationalcusto6Ⅱ常用的貿易術語FOB(FreeonBoard,…namedportofshipment)船上交貨(…指定裝運港)CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運費(……指定目的港)CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險費、運費(……指定目的港)返回目錄Ⅱ常用的貿易術語FOB(FreeonBoard,…na7FOB,FreeonBoard(…NamedportofShipment)指定裝運港船上交貨

Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyhavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallexpensesandrisksofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.返回目錄FOB,FreeonBoard(…Namedpor8CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運費(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellershallundertakethecostandfreightnecessarytocarrythegoodstothenamedportofdestination,buttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportofshipment．返回目錄CFR(CostandFreight，…namedp9CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險費、運費(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellerhastheobligationtoprocuremarineinsuranceagainsttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.返回目錄CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreigh10Modeoftransportation(運輸方式)Theformationoftheunitprice(價格構成)Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer（交貨地點/風險轉移點）Responsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwoparties（雙方責任、費用和風險的劃分）返回目錄Modeoftransportation(運輸方式)Th111.Themodeoftransportation(運輸方式)Suitableforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.2.Theformationoftheunitprice(價格構成)

FOB:Cost(成本)CFR:CostandFreight(成本和運費)CIF:Cost,InsuranceandFreight(成本和運費和保險費)返回目錄1.Themodeoftransportation(123.Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer

(交貨地點和風險轉移點)Ontheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment(在裝運港的船舷)4.Theexpensesandresponsibilitiesbornebytwoparties(雙方費用、風險和責任的劃分)返回目錄3.Theplaceofdelivery/risk13ThesellerThebuyerFOBDeliverthegoodsonboardthevessel交貨Contractforthecarriageofthegoods租船訂艙Obtainexportlicense獲得出口許可證ObtainimportlicenseCovercargoinsurance投保Providedocumentsforthebuyerandaskforpayment交單議付Paythepriceandtakedeliveryofthegoods返回目錄Theseller14ThesellerthebuyerCFRContractforthecarriageofthegoodsathisownexpensesOnusualterm通常條件Bytheusualroute慣常航線Inthepropervessel適合的船舶Usualfreight正常運費AdditionalFreight額外運費返回目錄Thesellerthe15ThesellerthebuyerCIFContractforthecarriageofthegoodsCovercargoinsuranceonbehalfofthebuyerMinimuminsurance(F.P.A)

最低險別additionalinsurancepremium額外保險費返回目錄Theseller16★CIF1.Theexpensesandrisksareseparated(風險和費用分離)2.CIFtermisdocumenttransaction單據交易(Symbolicdelivery)象征性交貨ThesellerfulfillshisdutyofdeliveringgoodsagainstthedocumentsThebuyershallpaythepriceagainstthedocuments返回目錄★CIF1.Theexpensesandrisk17

Ⅲ

貨交承運人的三個貿易術語1)FCA(FreeCarrier,…namedplace)貨交承運人(……指定地點)2)CIP(CarriageinsurancePaidto，…namedplaceofdestination)運費、保險費付至(……指定目的地)。

3)CPT(CarriagePaidTo．…namedplaceofdestination)運費付至(……指定目的地)返回目錄Ⅲ貨交承運人的三個貿易術語1)FCA(FreeCar18

Ⅳ目的地交貨的各種術語1)DAF(DeliveredatFrontier．…namedplace)邊境交貨(……指定地點)2)DES(Delivered

ExShip．…namedportofdestination目的港船上交貨(……指定目的港)3)DEQ(Delivered

ExQuay，…namedPortOfdestination)目的港碼頭交貨(……指定目的港)4)DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid，…namedplaceofdestination)未完稅交貨(…·指定目的地)

5)DDP

(DeliveredDutyPaid,…namedplaceofdestination)完稅后交貨（…指定目的地）返回目錄Ⅳ目的地交貨的各種術語1)DAF(Delivereda19第二章主要貿易條件TheQualityofGoods

TheQuantityofGoods

PackingandMarking

返回目錄第二章主要貿易條件返回目錄20Ｕnit1QualityofGoods

商品的品質表示品質的方法(1)用文字說明表示商品的品質(SalebyDescription)

①憑規格、等級或標準買賣(SalebySpecification,GradeorStandard)

商品規格(Specification)：

Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.SUPER返回目錄Ｕnit1QualityofGoods表示品21

商品的等級(Grade)

Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols.Theclassificationsareusuallydecidedbydifferentqualities,weights,compositions,appearances,properties,etc.

商品的標準（Standard）

Thestandardreferstothespecificationsorgradeswhicharestipulatedandannouncedbythegovernmentorthechambersofcommerce,etc.返回目錄返回目錄22②憑牌號或商標買賣（SalebyBrandNameorTradeMark）

Astothegoodswhosequalityisstable,reputationissoundandwithwhichthecustomersarequitefamiliar,wemaysellitbybrandnameortrademark.③憑產地名稱買賣(SalebyNameofOrigin)Itissuitableforsomeagriculturalproductsandby-productswhoseoriginsarewell-knownallovertheworld.返回目錄③憑產地名稱買賣(SalebyNameofOrigi23④憑說明書和圖樣買賣(SalebyDescriptionandIllustration)

Thequalityofsomecommodities,suchastechnologicalinstruments,electricmachines,etc.cannotbesimplyindicatedbyqualityindexes,insteaditisquitenecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,material,performanceaswellasmethodofoperation.Ifnecessary,pictures,photos,etc.mustalsobeprovided.返回目錄Thequalityofsomecommodi24（2）以實物表示商品的品質（SalebyActualQualityorSample①看貨買賣(SalebyActualQuality)Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminethegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.②憑樣品買賣（SalebySample）

Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestwocases,i.e.,salebytheseller’ssampleandsalebythebuyer’ssample.

返回目錄（2）以實物表示商品的品質（SalebyActualQ25a.憑賣方樣品(SalebySell’sSample)：

b.憑買方樣品(SalebyBuyer’sSample)：

c.對等樣品成交（SalebyCounterSample）：

也有的稱之為確認樣品（ConfirmingSample）。日后賣方交貨以對等樣品品質為準。返回目錄返回目錄26Unit2商品的數量TheQuantityofGoods1、商品數量的計量單位

①按重量(Weight)計算。常用的單位有公噸(Metricton/kiloton)、長噸（LongTon）、短噸（shortton／netton）、公斤(kilogram）等返回目錄Unit2商品的數量1、商品數量的計量單位返回目錄27②按數量計算。常見的計數單位有件（Piece）、雙(Pair)、套（Set）、打(dozen)、卷（roll）、箱(case)、籮（gross）、袋(bag)、包（bale）等③長度(length)計算。常用單位有米(meter/m.)、英尺(foot／ft．)、碼（yard／yd．）等。絲綢、布疋、鋼管、電線電纜、金屬繩索等常用長度單位計量。返回目錄②按數量計算。常見的計數單位有件（Piece）、雙(Pair28④

按面積（Area）計算。有平方米（Squaremeter／sq．m．）、平方英尺(squarefoot／sq.ft．)、平方碼（squareyard/sq．yd．）等。木板、皮革、地毯、玻璃板等用面積單位計量。⑤按體積（Volume）計算。有立方米（cubicmeter／cu．m.）、立方尺（cubicfoot／cu．ft．）、立方碼(cubicyard／cu．yd．)等。木材、天然氣、化學氣體等常以體積作計景單位。⑥按容積（capacity）計算。常見的容積單位有升[liter／l.]、加侖(gallon/gal．)、蒲式耳(bushel/bu．)等。各類谷物和液體商品常以容積為單位。返回目錄⑤按體積（Volume）計算。有立方米（cubicmet29２、商品重量的計算方法1)按毛重（GrossWeight）計算2)按凈重(NetWeight)計算，凈重指商品本身的重量。Actualtare:實際皮重Averagetare:平均皮重Customarytare:習慣皮重Computedtare:約定皮重返回目錄２、商品重量的計算方法Actualtare:實際皮303)ConditionedWeight：按公量計算。

Ｔhiskindofcalculatingmethodissuitabletothosecargoswhosewatercontentsarenotstable,suchaswool,silk,etc.

①公量=商品干凈重x(1+標準回潮率)②公量=商品凈重x（1+標準回潮率/1+實際回潮率）式中商品干凈重是指用科學方法抽去商品中的水分后商品的重量。標準回潮率是交易雙方約定的貨物中的水分與商品的干量之比。4）Theoreticalweight:按理論重量5）Legalweightandnetweight:按法定重量返回目錄3)ConditionedWeight：按公量計算。①31⑶商品數量條款的確定

商品數量條款，由成交商品的數量和計量單位組成。對以重量成交的商品還要訂明計算重量的方法。1.Don’tusesuchwordsas‘about’or‘circa’or‘approximate’beforethequantityofthegoods.2.Tostipulatethequantitylatitude:Itmeansthatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantity.

返回目錄⑶商品數量條款的確定1.Don’tusesuchwor32Unit3商品的包裝

Packing

在國際貿易中，除少量商品難以包裝，或不值得包裝而采取裸裝（NudePacked）或散裝(InBulk)方式外，絕大多數商品均需要有適當的包裝。商品的包裝(PackageofGoods)是國際商品交換不可缺少的重要環節，是聯系生產與消費的橋梁。包括不僅起到保護、宣傳、美化商品的作用，還可使商品增值。商品包裝條款也是合同的要件之一。返回目錄Unit3商品的包裝在國際貿易中，除少量商品33ⅠThekindsofpacking

(包裝的種類)

１、Shippingpacking:運輸包裝⑴Accordingtothemethodofpacking:singlepiecepackingandcollectivepacking.

⑵Accordingtostyleofpacking:Cases,drums,bags,bales,bundles,etc.⑶Accordingtothematerialofpacking:Cartons,woodencases,irondrums,woodencasks,paperbags,gunnybags,plasticbags,etc.返回目錄ⅠThekindsofpacking(包裝的種類)１34

⑷Accordingtothesoftnessofpacking:softnesspackingandhardnesspackingaswellashalf-hardnesspacking.

⑸Accordingtotheextentofpacking:fullpackedandpartpacked

２、Marketingpacking:銷售包裝Piling-uppattern:Hanging-uppattern:Spreading-uppattern:Patternforcarrying

about:Patternforeasilyopening:Patternforsprayingout:Patternforshowingoffagift.返回目錄２、Marketingpacking:銷售包裝Pilin35

ⅡPackingMark（包裝標志）⒈Shippingmark:運輸標志

Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarkareasfollows:Consignee’scode:Consignor’scode:DestinationPackagenumber

ABCCO.返回目錄⒈Shippingmark:運輸標志Itisu36⒊Warningmark:（警告性標志）Itisalsocalleddangerouscargomark,whichisbrushedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers

⒉Indicativemark:（指示性標志）

Thiskindofmarkisusedtoremindertherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas‘handlewithcare’,‘keepdry’etc.返回目錄⒊Warningmark:（警告性標志）Itis37Ⅲ

Neutralpackingandbranddesignatedbythebuyer

中性包裝和定牌１、Neuralpacking:

Itmeansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrademark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersandoriginspackingwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturers.返回目錄ⅢNeutralpackingandbrandde38２、Branddesignatedbythebuyer（定牌包裝）:ItmeansthatthesellermarksthetrademarkorBranddesignatedonthepackageofthecommodityorthecommodityitselfasbuyer’srequest．返回目錄２、Branddesignatedbythebuye39第三章商品的價格ThePriceoftheGoods

價格條款(PriceClause)是進出口合同中的核心條款。正確把握進出口商品的作價原則，采用合理的作價方法，選擇合理的作價方法，選擇有利的計價貨幣，確定合適的價格術語，適當使用與價格有關的傭金和折扣，對提高外貿經濟效益有著十分重要的意義。

返回目錄第三章商品的價格返回目錄40出口商品的成本核算

(1)出口總成本與出口銷售收入

出口總成本是指出口商品的進貨成本加上出口前的一切費用和稅金。出口銷售收入分為出口銷售外匯凈收入和出口銷售人民幣凈收入，前者是以FOB價出售商品所得的外匯凈收入，后者是以FOB價按外匯收帳時掛牌匯價折合的人民幣數額。

(2)出口商品盈虧率與出口創匯率

出口商品盈虧率是指出口盈虧額與出口總成本的比率。計算公式為：出口商品盈虧率=[(出口銷售人民幣凈收入----出口總成本)/出口總成本]x100％

出口創匯率是指加工后成品出口的外匯凈收入與原料外匯成本的比率。如原料為國產品．可以FOB價折算：若原料為進口產品，則以CIF價折算。返回目錄出口商品的成本核算返回目錄41特別在來料加工情況下，該指標更具有現買意義。其計算公式為：出口創匯率=[（成品出口外匯凈收入----原料外匯成本）/原料外匯成本]x100%

(3)出口商品換匯成本出口換匯成本=出口總成本（本幣）/出口銷售外匯凈收入（外幣）

出口商品價格的換算方法(1)FOB價的換算①CFR價=FOB價+運費②CIF價=（FOB價+運費）/[1-保險費率X(1+投保加成)]

返回目錄返回目錄42

(2)CFR價的換算

①FOB價=CFR-運費

②CIF價=CFR價/[1-保險費率X(1+投保加成)]

(3)CIF價的換算

①FOB價=CIF價X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險費率]-運費

②CFR價=CIF價X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險費率]

返回目錄(2)CFR價的換算

返回目錄43傭金與折扣CommissionandDiscount傭金(Commission)是買方或賣方對中間商介紹交易或代辦買賣所給予的報酬。折扣(Discount,Rebate,Allowance)是賣方按原價給買方的一定百分比的價格減讓。返回目錄返回目錄441）傭金的運用

（1）傭金的種類。傭金分“明傭”和“暗傭”兩種。前者在合同中標明“傭金”字樣，并規定某一百分比。而后者不標志百分比，甚至也不出現“傭金”字樣。但不管何種方式，只要含有傭金，商品的價格就肯定要高。

(2）傭金規定方法。凡價格中含有傭金的稱之為含傭價。一般用文字表示，如“每公噸3500美元CIF倫敦包括2％傭金”，（U.S.$3500perM/TCIFLondonincluding2%Commission）。也有一些合同中采用簡寫方式，如“每公噸2000美元CIFC2%倫敦”（U.S.$2000perM/TCIFC2%London）。傭金也可以用絕對數字表示，如“每公噸付傭金100美元”等等。凡在價格中不含傭金或折扣的稱為凈價（NetPrice）。

(3)傭金的計算。以CIF成交，就以CIF價來乘以傭金得出傭金數。若以FOB為基數，則在CIF成交情況下，扣除運費、保險費后再計算傭金。如果已知凈價，則含傭價的計算公式為：含傭價=凈價/（1--傭金率）返回目錄1）傭金的運用返回目錄452)折扣的運用（1）折扣的種類。在國際貿易中，除為鼓勵買方積極購買而給與的一般交易折扣（TradeDiscount）外，還有現金折扣（CashDiscount）、數量折扣（QuantityDiscount）、季節折扣（SeasonalDiscount）、特別折扣（SpecialDiscount）等等。此外與傭金相同，折扣也有“明扣”與“暗扣”之分。（2）折扣的規定。折扣一般也用文字表示，如“每公噸500美元CIF倫敦含2％折扣”，（U.S.500perM/TCIFLondonincluding2%Discount）返回目錄2)折扣的運用返回目錄46合同中價格條款的規定合同中價格條款一般包括商品的單價和總值兩項基本內容。商品單價包括：計量單位、單位價格金額、計價貨幣和價格術語四個部分。如“每公噸200美元CII倫敦傭金5%

(U.S.$200perM／TCIFC5%LONDON)。總值是指單價與成交商品數量的乘積，即一筆交易的總金額。返回目錄返回目錄47第四章國際貨物運輸

Transportation

第一節運輸方式(Methodsofthedelivery)第二節裝運條款(shipmentclause)第三節運輸單據(shippingdocuments)返回目錄返回目錄48一、OceanTransport海洋運輸(一)Linertransport班輪運輸1.Thefeaturesoflinersusuallyinclude:班輪運輸的特點

⑴Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandcomparativelyfixedfreight.⑵

Thekindsandquantitiesofthegoodscarriedbythelinerareveryflexible,andthelinercanensuredeliveryquality.第一節運輸方式(Methodsofthedelivery)返回目錄一、OceanTransport海洋運輸第一節運輸49⑶Thecarrierisresponsibleforloadingandunloadingoperation,i.e.,grossterm.

⑷TheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.TherightsandobligationsofthecarrierandtheconsignorarebasedontheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompany.返回目錄返回目錄502.班輪運費(Thelinerfreight)ThelinerfreightischargedaccordingtoLiner’sFreightTariff.Thelinerfreightincludesbasicfreightandsurcharges.ThebasicfreightischargedaccordingtothestandardofLiner’sFreightTariff.Thebasicstandardsforcalculatingfreightarestipulatedasfollows:l

Grossweight,i.e.,weightton,whichindicatedby“W”inthetariff.返回目錄返回目錄51

⑴Volume,i.e.,measurementton,whichisindicatedby“M”inthetariff.⑵Grossweightorvolumeweight,choosingthehigherratebetweenthetwo,whichisindicatedby“W/M”inthetariff.⑶Thevalueofthecargo,i.e.,acertainpercentageofFOBpricewhichisindicated“A.V.”inthetariff.⑷GrossweightorvolumeorA.V.,i.e.,choosingthehighestrateofthethree,whichisindicatedby“W/M”or“A.V.返回目錄⑴Volume,i.e.,measurementto52l

Grossweightorvolume,andthenplusacertainpercentageofA.V.,whichisindicatedby“W/M”plus“A.V.”.l

Thenumberofthecargo.l

Thetemporaryagreemententeredintobetweentheshipownerandtheconsignor.Themainsurchargesareasfollowsl

Extrachargesonheavyliftsl

Extrachargesonoverlengths返回目錄返回目錄53●AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort.●

Additionalondirect

Theformulaofcalculatingthelinerfreightis:F=Fb+∑s=fQ+f(s1+s2+……+sn)Q=fQ(1+s1+s2+……+sn)Fb_______basicfreight∑s______surchargesf_______therateofthebasicfreightQ_______freighttons__________therateofthesurcharge返回目錄●AdditionalonOptionalDischa54

(二)

Tramp(Shippingbychartering)租船運輸

Itmeansafreight-carryingvesselwhichhasnoregularrouteorscheduleofsailingsorportorfreight.Theshipperchartersshipfromtheshipownerandusesittocarrythegoods.Itfallsinto3kinds:1.VoyageCharter:程租船運輸

Itincludessinglevoyagecharter,returnvoyagecharter,successivevoyagecharterandcontract.返回目錄返回目錄552.TimeCharter:期租Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer3.BareboatCharter:光船租船Theshipowneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabareboat,thecharterershallemploythecrewbyhimself.返回目錄2.TimeCharter:期租Thechart56(三)Thedifferencesbetweenthetrampandtimecharter:期租和程租船的區別1.Voyagecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythevoyage;rTimecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythetime.Theircontractsarealsodifferent.2.Voyagecharter:Theshipownernotonlymanagestheshipbutalsoisresponsiblefordriving,sailingandtransportationofthegoods.返回目錄返回目錄57Timecharter:Theshipownerisresponsiblefortheship’smaintenance,repairandcrew’swages;buttransportationofthegoods,loadingandunloadingthegoodsarebornebythecharterer.3.Voyagecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtothequantitiesofthegoodsshippedandthecontractshallstipulatetimeofshipmentorrateofshipment;Timecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtotheperiodoftimeandthecontractdoesn’thavetostipulatetimeofshipment.返回目錄Timecharter:Theshipowneris58二、RailwayTransport鐵路運輸１、Railwaytransportathome;國內鐵路運輸２、Internationalrailwaythroughtransport:國際多式聯運

Thegoodsbelongtotheexportcountryshallbetransportedtotheplaceofdestinationwitharailwaybillofladingissuedattheplaceofdispatch.Duringthedelivery,therailwaydepartmentisresponsiblefortransportationandtheconsignorandconsigneedon’thavetocareforit.

返回目錄二、RailwayTransport鐵路運輸返回目錄59三、AirTransport航空運輸1.

ScheduledAirline2.

CharteredCarrier3.

Consolidation4.

AirExpressservice四、CombinedTransport聯合運輸

返回目錄返回目錄60

第二節

裝運條款（ShipmentClause）一、Timeofshipment:裝運時間

(一)Timeofdeliveryandtimeofshipment交貨時間和裝運期

(二)Waysofstipulatingthetimeofshipment裝運時間的規定方法1.Stipulatethedefinitetimeofshipment;規定具體明確的裝運時間2.Stipulateafixedtime;規定在某一固定時間裝運3.Stipilateafixedperiodoftime;規定在某一段時間內裝運返回目錄

返回目錄614.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C;規定在收到信用證后30天內裝運5.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedinthenearfuture.

規定在近期裝運二、Portofshipmentandportofdestination(裝運港和目的港）返回目錄4.Stipulatethegoodsshallbe62Waysofstipulatingtheportofshipmentanddestination1.Stipulateonlyoneportofshipmentandonedestination;2.Stipulateatleasttwoportsofshipmentanddestination;3.Stipulateoptionalports返回目錄返回目錄63三、Partialshipmentandtransshipment(一)Partialshipment:分批裝運

Itmeansthegoodsunderthecontractshallbeshippedatdifferenttimeordifferentlots.(二)Transshipment:裝運

Whenthereisnodirectlinertothedestinationorthevoyageistoolong,weshouldstipulate“transshipmenttobepermitted”。

返回目錄返回目錄64

第三節ShippingDocument運輸單據

一、Oceanbilloflading:(提單)Itisareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.(一)RolesofB/L提單的作用

⑴B/LisareceiptforthegoodsissuedbytheshipownerorhisagentevidencethereceiptofthegoodsmentionedintheB/L.

⑵B/Lisadocumentoftitletothegoods.

⑶B/Lisevidenceofthecontractofcarriagebetweentheconsignorandtheshippingcompany.返回目錄返回目錄65(二)KindsofB/L提單的種類1.Accordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevessel,theB/LisdividedintoshippedonboardB/LandreceivedforshipmentB/L.已裝船提單和備用提單2.Accordingtowhethertherearenotesonthebilloflading,itfallsintotwokinds:CleanB/LanduncleanB/L清潔提單和不清潔提單返回目錄返回目錄663.AccordingtowhethertheB/Listransferable,itisdividedinto3kinds:StraightB/LandorderB/LandblankB/L.記名提單、指示提單和空白提單4.Accordingtothemodesoftransport,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:directB/L,transshipmentB/LandthroughB/L.(直達提單、轉船提單和聯運提單)返回目錄返回目錄67二、Seawaybill海運單三、Railwaybill鐵路運輸單據

四、AirWaybill空運單五、Multimodaltransportdocument多式聯運單據

返回目錄返回目錄68第五章

國際貨物運輸保險Insurance

第一節

Thescopeofseatransportationinsurancecover海洋運輸保險的范圍

一、Perilsofthesea海上風險(一)Naturalcalamities:自然災害Theyarecausedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.,vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.(二)Fortuitousaccidents:意外事故Theyincludeaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.返回目錄第五章國際貨物運輸保險

第一節69二、Oceanlosses海上損失(一)

Totalloss全部損失

Itisclassifiedinto2kinds:1.

ActualTotalLoss:實際全損Itmeansthattheinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievablylost.2.

ConstructiveTotalLoss:推定全損Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldhaveexceedthevalueofthecargo.(二)Partialloss單獨海損1.GeneralAverage:共同海損Itreferstoacertainspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheshipowner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesabroadtheship.返回目錄二、Oceanlosses海上損失返回目錄702.Particularaverage:單獨海損Itmeansthataparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedegreeofthedamagedoesnotreachatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheownerofthisindividualconsignment.三、Maritimecharges海上費用(一)Sueandlaborcharges:施救費用Itshallbecoveredbytheinsurer.

(二)Salvagecharges:救助費用

Accordingtotherelativelaws,theinsurershallpaytothesalvor.Butthereisaprinciple,i.e.,“nocure-nopay”.返回目錄返回目錄71四、Extraneousrisks:外來風險和損失

Itincludestheft,freshandrainwaterdamage,shortage,leakage,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,odor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.第二節

ChinaInsuranceClauses我國海運貨物保險條款一、ThecontentsofCIC(CIC條款的內容)(一)Basicrisks：基本險別Itincludesthreeconditions:Freefromparticularaverage(F.P.A.)平安險返回目錄返回目錄72２、Withparticularaverage(W.P.A.)水漬險

Itcoverspartiallossduetovileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orfloodaswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.３、Allrisks:一切險AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditionsasabove,thisinsurancealsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfromexternalcausesinthecourseoftransit.返回目錄返回目錄73（二）Additionalrisks附加險Thiskindofriskcan’tbecoveredindependently;theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononekindofthebasicrisks.

1、Generaladditionalrisks一般附加險2、Specialadditionalrisks特殊附加險返回目錄（二）Additionalrisks附加險返回目錄74第六章國際貨物的收付

Payment第一節InstrumentofPurchasePrice

支付工具一、Billofexchange匯票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofbillofexchange匯票的定義Abillofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefurthertime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedperson,ortoanybearer.

返回目錄第六章國際貨物的收付第一節Instr75㈡Partiestoabillofexchange匯票的當事人1.Thedrawer:出票人Thepersonwhodrawsthebillofexchangeandheisusuallytheexporterorhisbankerinimportorexporttrade.2.Thedrawee:付款人Thepersonwhoistopaythemoneyandheisusuallytheimporterortheappointedbankerunderaletterofcreditinimportandexporttrade.3.Thepayee:受款人Thepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney,hemaybe,andoftenis,thesamepersonasthedrawerandheisusuallytheexporterhimselforhisappointedbankerinbusinessorhemaybethebearerofthebill.返回目錄返回目錄76㈢Classificationofthebillofexchange匯票的分類1.Accordingtothedrawer,itisdividedinto2kinds:banker’sdraftandcommercialdraft.(銀行匯票和商業匯票)2.Accordingtowhetheraccompaniedwithshippingdocuments,itcanbeclassifiedinto2kinds:cleanbillanddocumentarybill.(光票和跟單匯票)3.Accordingtothetimeofpayment,itisdividedinto2kinds:sightbillandtimebillorusancebill.(即期匯票和遠期匯票)返回目錄返回目錄77二、PromissoryNote:本票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofthepromissorynote:本票的定義Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoaorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.㈡Classificationofthepromissorynote本票的分類Promissorynoteisclassifiedintobanknoteandcommercialnote.Banknoteisissuedbythebank;butcommercialnoteisissuedbythebusinessortheperson.返回目錄返回目錄78三、Cheque支票Achequeisanunconditionalorderinwritingd