書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-天津機電職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項appliance“器具，器械”；B選項accessory“配件，附件”；C選項machine“機器”；D選項mechanism“機制，原理，途徑”。句意：應該有一種安全_____使火車不可能相撞。這里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全機制”，因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.

MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.“Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood,”hesaid.“Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.Withoutfurtherinterventionbygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia.”

YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.“Economicliberalization,increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun,evenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems,”hesaid.“Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome.”

Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.“Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside,”shesaid.

Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnations,havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.

“WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof,”saysoneSingaporeanresident.“Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance.”Others,however,arenotsooptimistic.“Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted,”aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented,“It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry.”

1.Asforglobalization,MichaelTenet’sattitudetoitismostprobablytobein（）.

2.TheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationarequite（）.

3.WhenmentioningJaniceYawed,theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,differentcountriesconsiderglobalizationas（）.

5.Thetitlewhichbestexpressesthemainideaofthetextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.firmsupport

B.cautiousapproval

C.greatanxiety

D.strongrepentance

問題2選項

A.optimistic

B.identical

C.worrying

D.contrary

問題3選項

A.herlocalcultureandlanguage

B.theculturalimplicationsofglobalization

C.McDonald’sandEnglishslang

D.theeconomicimpactofglobalization

問題4選項

A.amixedblessing

B.anevilforce

C.anactivestimulus

D.aninterventionintheirdomesticaffairs

問題5選項

A.DisadvantagesofGlobalizationinEconomicArea

B.People’sResponsestotheImpactsofGlobalization

C.InfluenceofGlobalizationontheEconomyandCulture

D.DifferentRolesofGlobalizationintheDevelopmentofEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據關鍵詞“MichaelTenet”定位到第二段第一句“MichaelTenet,...,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.”說明MichaelTenet對全球化的態度是擔憂的。選項C正確。

2.根據上題可知MichaelTenet對全球化感到擔憂，而根據第三段第一句“YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.”GeorgeFrank卻沒有察覺到這樣的危險。說明兩個人的觀點態度是截然相反的，所以選項D正確。

3.根據關鍵詞“JaniceYawed”定位到第四段第二句“JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.”JaniceYawed是非洲土著人，她強烈地感覺到全球化正在破壞當地的文化和語言。作者實際上是在說明全球化對文化的影響，所以選項B正確。

4.根據第五段的內容可知，不同國家的政府對全球化浪潮反應不一樣。美國被普遍認為是自由貿易的積極支持者，而且幾乎壟斷了全球的娛樂，具有巨大的文化影響力。但是，其他國家，特別是歐洲和發展中國家，已經設法減少全球化對其國內事務的影響。也就是說，全球化有利也有弊，所以選項A正確。

5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的問題，接下來的幾段都是分別闡述人們乃至國家對全球化影響的反應。所以選項B最能概括全文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于?B.contributedto導致

C.patchedup平息（爭吵）；修補（關系）D.participatedin參與

【考查點】詞組辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞前文是“美國內戰（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“關于奴隸制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根據歷史常識可知，美國內戰是由南北政府關于奴隸制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主動語態，因此，A選項“由……引起，起因于”符合前后邏輯。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】美國內戰被認為源于對奴隸制的分歧。

4.單選題

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

問題1選項

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake兇吉難卜；選項A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：這家公司瀕臨破產，成千上萬的工作崗位岌岌可危。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問題1選項

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標準，常強調變化的差異性和職權等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長度”；quantity“數量”。句意：這家報紙沒有提到由于火災所造成的損害程度。C項符合題意。

6.單選題

Inaddition,findingsrevealthatmalesreceivemoreteacherattentionthanfemales,boysreceivemorespecificcommentsabouttheiracademicperformance,[A]thattherearedifferences[B]favoringmalesintaskassignment,in[C]teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehaviorbasedongender,aswellasinsuchareasasoverallcurriculumdesign,classroomactivities,andeducationaltracking(particularlyinmath,science,vocationalcourses,[D]andextracurricularactivities).

問題1選項

A.thattherearedifferences

B.favoringmalesin

C.teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehavior

D.andextracurricularactivities

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。表示某方面有區別時，應使用therearedifferencesin…，B和C選項應為并列關系，B選項前少了一個in。

7.翻譯題

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看來，美國的整個男子漢思想是很可憐的。就連“做個男子漢！”這樣的表達也讓我覺得是一種侮辱和謾罵。它意味著愚蠢、冷酷、順從、像士兵一樣魯莽，還指不愿意思考。男人意味著“有男子氣概”——人們在思考男人的時候怎么能不考慮男子氣概的可怕野心呢？

2.我有點反對我們把男孩變成男人的方式。到目前為止，這一點應該十分清楚。我絲毫不感到奇怪，美國總統在周末例行休假的時候，把自己打扮成牛仔——這既說明他沒有安全感又說明他想討好別人。

3.寫作只有在產生財富時才有男人味。有錢才有男人味。酗酒也意味著男人味，讓另一個男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美國男人必須捕殺獅子、獵取野鴨、肩上扛滿刀槍，以證明他像別的男人一樣殘忍。刻板印象中男人氣概的一切都不利于心智生活。

4.即便是在受女權主義影響的美國，做男人也是一種特權。如果不是由于這種觀念被世人廣為認同，那談上述情況就毫無意義了。相反，做男人是一個過重的、帶有懲罰性質的負擔。身為男人糟糕透頂，有男子氣概則讓人心驚膽戰。

8.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.beingbased被根據B.havebeenbased被根據

C.base根據D.bebased被根據

【答案】B

【考查點】時態與語態。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據說……”，所以空格處的動詞要用原形；主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時wassaid，而base這個動作應該是發生在wassaid之前，所以應用現在完成時，故選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A項不符合固定搭配；

C、D項不符合時態。

【句意】據說這篇報道是根據可靠的消息來源寫成的。

9.單選題

Ⅳ.(CriminalLaw)

ThefirstchallengeforcriminalresponsibilityforcollectiveperpetrationsiswhetherthenotionofcollectiveactioncanbemadesenseforthepurposesofInternationalCriminalLaw.AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.Iftherequirementsforcollectiveactionaresettoostrictthenmanyparticipantswillbeexcused.Ontheotherhandtoolaxrequirementsincreaseprosecutor’sdiscretionandallowchargingwiderrangeofindividuals,attheexpenseofimplicatingtoomanyindividualsandpossiblyrenderingpunishmentcontroversialandover-inclusiveonthelevelofthesystem.

Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.Besidesidentifyingindividualsinvolvedincooperativeharmdoingcollectiveintentionwillbenecessaryforattributionofharmtosuchcausallyresponsibleindividuals.Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.

Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt,asitjumpstodrawthemembershipalongthestatelines,whichultimatelyleadstoproblemsof“guiltlesssincerity”and“excessoftransmissionbybirth”.Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations,thisworkdiscardssuchissuesasirrelevantforthepurposesofexcusesandjustificationsundertheRomeStatute(國際刑事法院羅馬規約).Collectiveactionincasesofcrimesagainsthumanityorwarcrimescouldbemanifestedinspontaneouscoordinatedactions,mobviolence,governmentactionsordecentralizednetworksoutsidethecolorofthelaw.Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.Thiswayevenleadersandinfluentialdecisionmakerswouldclaimthattheyfollowednecessityorthattheircrueltyweredeterminedbytheanarchic,anomicorelseapocalypticconditionsofwar.

63.Thebesttopicforthefirstparagraphis___.

64.Todeterminecollectiveintentionsisnecessary___.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTmentionedintheparagraph3?

66.PerpetratorscanandoftenmanipulatethefollowingBUT___.

問題1選項

A.CriminalResponsibilityforCollectivePerpetrations

B.TheDefectofSettingTooStrictaLevel

C.TheDifficultiesinChoosinganAppropriateDescriptiveLevelofCollectiveAction

D.TheDefectofSettingTooLaxaLevel

問題2選項

A.toholdanyparticularindividualresponsible

B.tochargeeveryoneresponsible

C.foraconsiderationofdecisionmethod

D.toattributeharmtoindeterminatecauses

問題3選項

A.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdilutestheproblemsofcollectiveintentions.

B.Theretroactivesuspensionoflegalorderissometimesrelevanttohumanrightsviolations.

C.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltstemsfrompublicinternationallaw.

D.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdealswithmembershipthroughstateresponsibility.

問題4選項

A.militaryculture

B.religiousortraditionalinstitutions

C.ideologyorlegalsystem

D.collectiveaction.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】63.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據題干定位到原文第一段AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.（正如庫茨所指出，將成員納入和排除在集體行動之外的問題“總是規范性和事實性的”，因為“選擇適當的描述水平”仍然是一個法律政策問題）可知選C選項“在選擇適當的集體行動描述水平方面的困難”；A選項“集體犯罪的刑事責任”；B選項“等級設置過嚴的缺陷”以及D選項“水平設置過松的缺陷”都是為了證明選擇適當的集體行動描述水平的困難，是這一觀點的論據，不足以概括第一段的內容。因此C選項正確。

64.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第二段第一句Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.（在任何情況下，集體意圖檢驗都是必要的，以便能夠追究任何特定個人的責任，而不是將所有人歸為一個極端，或將傷害歸因于另一種不確定的原因）可知選A選項“追究任何特定個人的責任”，同時可知B選項“追究每個人的責任”，D選項“將傷害歸因于不確定的原因”不符合原文；第二段Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.（此外，正如道德責備一節所論證的那樣，如果沒有集體意圖的概念，集體行動中決策方法的考慮也是不可能的，這對于道德責備的分配是必要的）可知集體行動中決策方法的考慮對道德責備的分配是必要的，而不是對集體意圖必要，C選項“考慮決策方法”邏輯關系錯誤。因此A選項正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第三段Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt（集體罪責的“浪漫”論點淡化了集體意圖的問題）對應A選項“集體犯罪的論點淡化了集體意圖的問題”；第三段Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations（然而，追溯中止法律命令或國家官員豁免的問題有時仍然是起訴侵犯人權行為的相關法律障礙）對應B選項“追溯中止法律秩序有時與侵犯人權有關”；第二段Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.（這種“浪漫”的吸引力部分源于國家機構涉嫌違反國際公法的反人類罪（通過“國家和組織政策”）和戰爭罪）對應C選項“集體有罪的論點源于國際公法”；D選項“集體犯罪的論點通過國家責任來處理成員問題”未在第三段提及。因此D選項符合題意。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干關鍵字“Perpetrators”定位到原文最后一段Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.（各種消極或不確定的事實，如軍事文化、宗教或傳統機構、意識形態或法律制度，可以而且往往被肇事者操縱，將集體行動與歷史、自然甚至超自然原因相結合）對應A選項“軍事文化”，B選項“宗教或傳統機構”以及C選項“意識形態或法律體系”；不涉及D選項“集體行動”。因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe（

）ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

問題1選項

A.conceptual

B.considerate

C.optimal

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:語言專家相信學一門外語最佳的年齡是6歲。

conceptual概念上的。considerate體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的optimal最佳的；最理想的。component組成的，構成。

11.單選題

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

問題1選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題2選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題3選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題4選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題5選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

【答案】第1題:J

第2題:E

第3題:F

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.deference遵從，尊重F.alternative可供替代的；可供選擇的事物

B.emulation仿效G.multiplicity多樣性，多種多樣

C.impediment妨礙，阻礙H.alleviate減輕，緩和

D.demonstration示范，證明I.justified有正當理由的；證明……正當

E.appellation名稱，稱呼J.ratified批準

1.【答案】J

【解題思路】根據have可知，havesth.done為固定搭配，表示“完成某事”，所以空格處要填入一個過去分詞，只有I項和J項能選。由句子意思“他決定通過公司全體成員的投票來______他的意見”可知，空格處填入“批準”符合句意。因此，該題選擇J項。

【句意】他不滿于自己的意見能夠毫無異議地獲得通過，于是決定通過公司全體成員的投票來批準他的意見。

2.【答案】E

【解題思路】分析句子結構可知，空格處應為名詞。Prefer…to…表示“相比……更喜歡……”，根據前半句中的thetitleof（……的稱謂）可知，空格部分表示“稱呼”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇E項。

【句意】相對于其他任何稱呼，我寧愿稱作古代哲人，即一個世界公民。

3.【答案】F

【解題思路】分析句子結構可知，空格處應為形容詞，只有F項和I項能選。根據句子意思“它通過引出適用于存在事實的一般原則，然后對與這些原則相一致的______可能性進行理智的考察來發揮作用”可知，由possibilities可推斷，空格處填入alternative符合句意。因此，該題選擇F項。

【句意】它通過引出適用于存在事實的一般原則，然后對與這些原則相一致的各種可能性進行理智的考察來發揮作用。

4.【答案】A

【解題思路】分析句子結構可知，空格處應為含有動作意義的名詞。由句意“他們______有學問的人的理解力，同樣也______有地位的人的理解力”可知，選項中只有deference符合句子意思。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

【句意】他們既尊重有學問的人的理解力，同樣也尊重有地位的人的理解力。

5.【答案】C

【解題思路】分析句子結構可知，空格處應為名詞。由or可知，空格處的詞語與前面的stand（停滯）含義相近，選項中只有impediment表示“停滯”的意思。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

【句意】人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當之書使之順暢。

12.單選題

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto（

）herinvitationtotheparty.

問題1選項

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。refute“駁倒，反駁，用證據證明是假的”；reject“拒絕，謝絕，指斷然拒絕接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他擔心他將不得不拒絕她的參加聚會的邀請。婉拒符合題意。故D項正確。

13.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

14.單選題

“GangnamStyle”，the（

）popularsongfromSouthKoreanrecordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTubeever.

問題1選項

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。sanely“穩健地，理智地”；insanely“瘋狂地，精神錯亂地”；rationally“理性地，講道理地”；insatiably“貪得無厭地，無法滿足地”。句意：韓國唱片藝人PSY的瘋狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了觀看次數最多的視頻。因此B選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

問題1選項

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。第一個空格指代前面句子中的名詞unmonitoredworkers。第二個空格處做賓語從句中的謂語動詞，主語是productivity，因此只能用三單形式。因此B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

問題1選項

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。題目中becontraryto表示“與……相反”；A選項besimilarto表示“與……類似的，相似的”；B選項beoppositeto表示“與……相反的，對立的”；C選項為“可預見的，可預知的”；D選項為“有異議的，有爭論的”。由句意可知，他的位置與老師相反。因此，正確答案是B項。

17.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalkbeforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

7.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause____.

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

9.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT____.

10.Thephrase“paystributeto”inPara.7isclosestinmeaningto____.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”?

12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches.

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.toinformpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項

A.expressesone’ssympathyorpity

B.expressesone’sadmirationorrespect

C.expressesone’scomfortorencouragement

D.expressesone’ssadnessormelancholy

問題5選項

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題6選項

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

【解析】7.事實細節題。

1）精準定位：根據題干“作者認為口語仍然是不可替代的，因為____”，可定位到原文第2段Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:Persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.（口語可以有各種重要的功能：勸說或激勵、告知、表達敬意、娛樂、或單純介紹某人或某事或接受某事。）

2）綜合理解：A選項“它一直被用來激勵或說服人們”，是原文提到的原因之一，但不是全部，該選項屬于以偏概全，排除；B選項“它在娛樂業中扮演著重要的角色”，原文雖然提到了entertaining，但原文指的就是娛樂，而不是選項中所說的娛樂業，更沒有說在娛樂業中扮演著重要角色，該選項屬于偷換概念，排除；C選項“它在人類交流中扮演著重要的角色”，該選項是對原文各種功能的概括，表述正確；D選項“它在日常生活中很有用”，可定位到原文第8段It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（不僅僅是在世界論壇上，公眾演講扮演著重要的角色。在我們自己的生活中，它也會有驚人的幫助。）根據句意，該選項指提到了日常生活一個方面，而沒有提到其他方面，屬于以偏概全，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

8.事實細節題。

1）精準定位：題干“關于公眾演講的作用，下列哪個陳述是不正確的？”

A選項“在世界論壇上的發言可以為解決世界問題帶來有效的措施”可定位到原文第4段最后一句WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.（當各國領導人2009年12月在哥本哈根會晤時，活動人士富有說服力的言辭鼓勵他們承諾采取更堅定的行動。）哥本哈根會晤是世界論壇，但是原文指是說發言“鼓勵他們承諾采取更堅定的行動”，而不是選項中所說“帶來了有效的解決措施”，該選項表述錯誤，屬于過度推理。

B選項“在流行病時期，醫療權威的演講可以讓人們平靜下來”，可定位到原文第6段最后兩句WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.（當H1N1流感大流行出現時，“豬流感”的想法嚇壞了許多人。世界衛生組織官員的信息豐富的講話幫助人們控制恐慌情緒，以便采取明智的預防措施。）世界衛生組織官員地演講安撫了人們對H1N1流行病的恐慌情緒，選項表述正確。

C選項“在戰斗前，高級軍官的演講可以提高士兵的士氣”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.（在戰爭期間，將軍們用鼓舞人心的演講讓軍隊做好戰斗準備。）將軍演講可以鼓勵士兵做好戰斗準備，即提高士氣，選項表述正確。

D選項“悼念死者的演講可以安慰哀悼者”，可定位到原文第7段第1句Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontribution