書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林工商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therealfriendistheonewhocomestothe（

）inyourhourofneed;whoistherewithcomfortinadversityandwhoshareswithyouhisownsuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention

B.stage

C.point

D.rescue

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。attention意為“注意”；stage意為“階段”；point意為“論點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)”；rescue意為“救援，營(yíng)救”。

句意：真正的朋友是在你需要的時(shí)候來(lái)幫助你，在逆境中給你安慰，與你分享他成功的人。

2.翻譯題

Passage1

Manyhumandiseasesarecausedbytheabsenceorinappropriatepresenceofaprotein.Theproteincouldthenbeadministeredtopatientsinordertocompensateforitsabsence.Today,genetherapyistheultimatemethodofproteindelivery,inwhichthedeliveredgeneentersthebody'scellsandturnsthemintosmall"factories1'thatproduceatherapeuticproteinforaspecificdiseaseoveraprolongedperiod.Asgenetherapyhasmovedfromthelaboratoryintotheclinic,severalissueshaveemergedascentraltothedevelopmentofthistechnology:geneidentification,geneexpressionandgenedelivery.Anumberofdisease-relatedgeneswithdirectclinicalvaluehavealreadybeenidentified,andthisnumberisgrowingasthefieldrapidlyadvances.Geneswithbroaderclinicalapplicationarealsobeingutilizedtomakeceilsexpressimmuneactivatingagentslocallyatthediseasesiteortobecomesusceptibletofurtherdrugtreatmentortoimmuneresponserecognition.

Passage2

Itisthenowwell-knownIBMbrandthatformedpartofthecomputersciencerevolution.IBMreleasedtheIBM704andlatertheIBM709computers,whichwerewidelyusedduringtheexplorationperiodofsuchdevices.Duringthelate1950s,thecomputersciencedisciplinewasverymuchinitsdevelopmentalstages,andsuchissueswerecommonplace.Timehasseensignificantimprovementsintheusabilityandeffectivenessofcomputersciencetechnology.Modemsocietyhasbeenasignificantshiftfromcomputersbeingusedsolelybyexpertsorprofessionalstomoreandmorewidespreaduserbase.Bythe1990s,computersbecameacceptedasbeingthenormwithineverydaylife.Duringthistimedataentrywasaprimarycomponentoftheuseofcomputers,manypreferringtostreamlinetheirbusinesspracticesthroughtheuseofacomputer.Thisalsogavetheadditionalbenefitofremovingtheneedoflargeamountsofdocumentationandfilerecordswhichconsumedmuch-neededphysicalspacewithinoffices.

Passage3

Everyorganizationisanemotionalplace.Itisanemotionalplacebecauseitisahumaninvention,servinghumanpurposesanddependentonhumanbeingstofunction.Andhumanbeingsareemotionalanimals:subjectanger,fear,surprise,disgust,happinessorjoy,easeandunease.Recently,therehavebeenattemptstodeveloptheideaofemotionalintelligence.Emotionalintelligenceemphasizestheimpactreasoncanmakeonemotion.Theclaimmadeforthisperspectiveisthatitrepresents“anabilitytoperceive,toprocess,tounderstand,andtomanageemotionsinselfandothers.”Proponentsofemotionalintelligencemaintainthattherearedistinctindividualabilitiesandskillsthatrelatetotheexplicitmanagementofemotion.Inaddition,emotionalintelligencedevelopsovertimeandcanbeenhancedbytraining.Therefore,learningtoperceiveemotioninothersandmanagetheseemotionssuccessfullyisanimportanttoolineverymanager'sguidebook.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefrontthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

許多人類疾病是由某種蛋白質(zhì)的缺失或不當(dāng)?shù)拇嬖谒鸬摹？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)給病人服用這種蛋白質(zhì)來(lái)填補(bǔ)這種缺失。現(xiàn)今,基因療法是蛋白質(zhì)輸送的最尖端的方法。這一療法將基因輸入人體細(xì)胞內(nèi),該基因能夠?qū)⑦@些細(xì)胞變成長(zhǎng)期生產(chǎn)對(duì)特定疾病具有治療功能的蛋白質(zhì)的小型“工廠”。隨著基因療法走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室并應(yīng)用到診所中,出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)涉及該技術(shù)發(fā)展的核心問(wèn)題：包括基因識(shí)別,基因表達(dá)和基因輸送。有一些與疾病相關(guān)并具有直接治療意義的基因已經(jīng)被識(shí)別,隨著這一領(lǐng)域的飛快發(fā)展,這一數(shù)字在增加。具有更廣泛治療應(yīng)用的基因同樣被用來(lái)促使細(xì)胞在病灶部位表達(dá)免疫力,或使其有助于后續(xù)的藥物治療或免疫反應(yīng)識(shí)別。

Passage2

眾所周知,IBM品牌構(gòu)成了電腦科學(xué)革命的一部分。IBM曾發(fā)售IBM704型電腦,并在之后發(fā)售IBM709型號(hào)電腦,在人們對(duì)電腦還處于探索時(shí)期時(shí),這兩種電腦得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在20世紀(jì)50年代后期,電腦科學(xué)還處于發(fā)展階段,這些問(wèn)題很常見(jiàn)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,電腦科學(xué)技術(shù)的實(shí)用性和效用得到了顯著的提高。現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,電腦已經(jīng)不再是僅僅供專家或?qū)I(yè)人士使用的,而是獲得了越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。到了20世紀(jì)90年代,電腦己經(jīng)被視作日常生活中的必備品。在這一期間,電腦主要被用來(lái)做數(shù)據(jù)登記,許多人偏愛(ài)使用電腦來(lái)提高他們工作的效率。這同時(shí)還免去了占用稀缺的辦公室空間的大量的文件和檔案記錄的必要性。

Passage3

每個(gè)組織都是一個(gè)具有情感的場(chǎng)所。這是因?yàn)樗侨祟惖陌l(fā)明,服務(wù)于人類的目的并依賴于人類才能運(yùn)作。而人是有情感的動(dòng)物：憤怒、恐懼、驚訝、厭惡、快樂(lè)或歡喜、放松和不安等。近來(lái),有人試圖發(fā)展情感智力這一觀念。情感智力強(qiáng)調(diào)理性對(duì)情感的影響。從這一視角出發(fā)的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為情感智力代表了“一種認(rèn)知、處理、理解和控制自己和他人情感的能力”。情感智力的主張者斷言人們具有與情感控制直接相關(guān)的不同的個(gè)人能力和技巧。此外,情感智力是隨著時(shí)間的推移而發(fā)展的并且能夠訓(xùn)練得以加強(qiáng)。因此,學(xué)會(huì)觀察他人的情感并成功地控制這些情感是每個(gè)管理者應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握的重要技能。

3.單選題

35.Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregion[A]tocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,but[B]requireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensation[C]thatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstruct[D]itsfurtherdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tocoverallits

B.require

C.thatharm

D.its

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。B選項(xiàng)的require主語(yǔ)是donation，單數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)把require改為requires。

4.單選題

Shewentintoadeep____aftertakinganoverdoseofsleepingpills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbalance

B.unbelief

C.coma

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.unbalance不平衡B.unbelief疑惑

C.coma昏迷D.uncertainty不確定性

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“服用了過(guò)量的安眠藥后”可知，空格處所填詞是服用過(guò)量安眠藥帶來(lái)的后果，C選項(xiàng)coma“昏迷”符合語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】她服用了過(guò)量的安眠藥后陷入了深度昏迷之中。

5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于這座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻滿是公寓樓的山坡上可能會(huì)使你想到香港；這里密集的人口會(huì)讓你想到東京；而那橫跨長(zhǎng)江兩岸、仿效布魯克林大橋豁然聳立的龐大新建筑物，或許會(huì)讓你想到紐約。

放眼望去，到處都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的橋梁和新蓋的高聳入云的住宅樓。事實(shí)上，這類新建筑實(shí)在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于讓人感到驚訝不已的往往不是什么新的高樓大廈，而是偶然瞥見(jiàn)一座舊建筑。

當(dāng)然，在此之前中國(guó)已經(jīng)有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的東部地區(qū)為數(shù)不少。這些城市從華北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠鑲嵌在中國(guó)沿海各地。但是重慶的迅速崛起卻象征著一種新的開(kāi)端：這表明北京正在大力推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成果，將其延伸到幅員遼闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，那里是全國(guó)四分之三人口的家園。

中國(guó)內(nèi)地的城市一個(gè)接一個(gè)競(jìng)相城鎮(zhèn)化，其中很多城市公開(kāi)炫耀它們的目標(biāo)，聲稱要在幾年內(nèi)建成“世界大都市”。但無(wú)論從城市大小、追求目標(biāo)還是改革規(guī)模來(lái)衡量，擁有1200萬(wàn)人口的重慶仍是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

6.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈(zèng)送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒(méi)人能阻止她嫁給他，因?yàn)樗偸俏倚形宜亍８鶕?jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知答案A

7.單選題

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已經(jīng)投入,為了使這個(gè)大教堂恢復(fù)到其以前的華麗。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。refresh更新，使精力恢復(fù)，使得到補(bǔ)充；restore恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；restoreto使恢復(fù)到…；renovate更新，修復(fù)，革新，刷新；renew使更新，續(xù)借，復(fù)興。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的華麗”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)measure表示“測(cè)量，措施，程度”，B選項(xiàng)threshold表示“入口，門檻，開(kāi)始”，C選項(xiàng)permit表示“許可證，執(zhí)照”，D選項(xiàng)statute表示“法規(guī)，法令，條例”。由后文的關(guān)鍵信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中國(guó)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)化外國(guó)人在中國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)業(yè)的程序，說(shuō)明中國(guó)將會(huì)降低外國(guó)人來(lái)中國(guó)的門檻。由此可知，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句話通常點(diǎn)出主旨大意。通篇文章都在談?wù)撊藗冇捎趯?duì)工作沒(méi)有激情和興趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦慮之中的現(xiàn)實(shí)。所以C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)中毫不重要的一個(gè)小部分，盡管一切運(yùn)作正常”符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段的最后一句話‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他們生活和死亡從來(lái)沒(méi)有面對(duì)過(guò)人類作為情感和智力獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)。’確定真正的原因是作為“情感與理智上獨(dú)立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的”個(gè)人被忽視。D選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思與文章內(nèi)容相悖。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。文章第三段開(kāi)頭提到‘Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.生活在社會(huì)上層階級(jí)的人需要面對(duì)更為激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此面臨著更大的焦慮，同時(shí)也更沒(méi)有安全感‘。所以A和B選項(xiàng)排除。第三段最后一句提到“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一個(gè)人需要頻繁地去證實(shí)他不比其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者差或比他更好，這樣頻繁的焦慮和壓力正是人類抑郁和生病的原因。”，所以C選項(xiàng)排除。所以正確答案為D。

4.語(yǔ)義理解題。文章最后一段作者提到了解決方法：Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和充分發(fā)揮他的潛力---即愛(ài)和理性的潛力---是一切社會(huì)安排的目標(biāo)。作者不贊同回到工業(yè)革命前的生產(chǎn)模式或是19世紀(jì)自由市場(chǎng)資本主義，所以A和B選項(xiàng)排除。作者贊同旨在激發(fā)人類愛(ài)和理智無(wú)限潛能的社會(huì)事業(yè)，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及，排除。

5.作者觀點(diǎn)題。作者提出了由于工業(yè)主義后在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生的焦慮，但是文章最后一段，作者并不僅僅是表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的不滿意，而是以寬容的方式提出更好的建議來(lái)改善現(xiàn)狀。所以D選項(xiàng)“寬容”符合題意。A“贊同”和C“懷疑”都不符合文意，排除。B‘不滿’比較片面，排除。

10.單選題

Plasticheartvalvesandotherhuman“spareparts”have（

）possiblemanyrecentdevelopmentsinsurgery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.madeit

B.beenmade

C.made

D.become

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)為Plasticheartvalvesandotherhuman“spareparts”（塑料心臟瓣膜和其他人體器官“零件”），賓語(yǔ)為manyrecentdevelopments（最近許多的發(fā)展），主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B選項(xiàng)。句子的賓語(yǔ)在possible后面不需要形式賓語(yǔ)，故排除A選項(xiàng)。havebecomepossible表示“……成為可能”，havemadepossible表示“使……成為可能”，根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：塑料心臟瓣膜和其他人體器官“零件”使最近許多的發(fā)展成為可能。

11.單選題

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout擊倒;distinguish區(qū)別,辨別;overture作動(dòng)詞意為建議;extricate使擺脫,解救。句意：任何一位民主黨總統(tǒng)都將試圖把美國(guó)從伊拉克的混亂中解救出來(lái),但所有人都將面臨嚴(yán)格的約束。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto______theweeklystaffmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preside“主持，指揮”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面常接over；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹”；C選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任主席，主持(會(huì)議、討論等)”，為及物動(dòng)詞；D選項(xiàng)dominate“支配，控制”。句意：經(jīng)理出差了，我被要求主持每周的員工會(huì)議。

13.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果他昨天就開(kāi)始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.（

）heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatlittle

B.Somuch

C.Howmuch

D.Solittle

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他聲稱自己在天文學(xué)方面是一個(gè)專家，但是實(shí)際上他在這方面相當(dāng)無(wú)知。他所知道的都是過(guò)時(shí)和不準(zhǔn)確的。

語(yǔ)法題。考查名詞性從句。heknowsaboutit為后面句子的主語(yǔ)部分，因此本句為名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，且句子中缺少成分，故應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，再根據(jù)句意可知他對(duì)天文學(xué)是無(wú)知的，因此應(yīng)選little表示否定的意義，故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat（

）peoplewerethinking

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usual

B.general

C.normal

D.ordinary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)媒體表達(dá)出來(lái)的觀點(diǎn)與普通大眾所想之間存在巨大的差距。usual“普通的”;general“一般的”；normal“正常的；正規(guī)的”；ordinary“普通的，平凡的”。ordinarypeople“普通人，一般人”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling.Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Inthe2ndparagraph,thestatement“Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”suggestthat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthelastparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s.

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Humawaycontinuously

B.Climaticallyalmostunnecessary.

C.Artificially-cooledspace.

D.Withmildtemperatures.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Neutral

B.Critical

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第二段中，‘我的童年沒(méi)有冰箱，但我吃得不錯(cuò)并且很健康’意味著……”。文章第二段提到了沒(méi)有冰箱的那幾十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都來(lái)，食品商、屠夫、面包師傅等一周來(lái)兩三次，東西沒(méi)有被浪費(fèi)，也沒(méi)有變質(zhì)（Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者為什么說(shuō)在冰箱發(fā)明之前沒(méi)有任何東西被浪費(fèi)”。文章第二段提到了沒(méi)有冰箱的那幾十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都來(lái)，食品商、屠夫、面包師傅等一周來(lái)兩三次。肉可以從星期日吃到星期三，剩余的面包和牛奶變成了各種小蛋糕。東西沒(méi)有被浪費(fèi)，也沒(méi)有變質(zhì)。由此可知在冰箱發(fā)明之前人們掌握了怎樣處理剩余食物的方法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，哪類人從冰箱的發(fā)明中受益最少”。文章第三段提到冰箱的發(fā)明并沒(méi)有對(duì)食物的保存起太大作用（Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation），真正的作用是促進(jìn)了市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷，硬件、電力、各種飲料、肉類等等，由此可知從中獲益最少的是消費(fèi)者，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪句話表明了冰箱對(duì)于環(huán)境的危害”。文章最后一段提到“冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是顯而易見(jiàn)的，但是它對(duì)人類幸福的貢獻(xiàn)卻微不足道……你可能會(huì)想念漢堡包，但至少你能擺脫那可怕的嗡嗡聲”（Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“持續(xù)不斷的噪音”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者對(duì)冰箱的態(tài)度……”。文章第二段作者提及自己親身經(jīng)歷：沒(méi)有冰箱吃得很好并且很健康。接著又談到了冰箱的發(fā)明并沒(méi)有對(duì)食物的保存起很大作用，并且認(rèn)為很多地方是不需要冰箱的，由此可知作者對(duì)冰箱是持批判態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or―independentlyofanycourse―simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocompriseincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.

4.Accordingtothispassage,____.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,scientificsubculturemeans____.根據(jù)文章，科學(xué)亞文化意味著______。

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsA.由科學(xué)家組成的文化團(tuán)體

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedB.那些科學(xué)知識(shí)非常有限的人

C.thescientificcommunityC.科學(xué)社區(qū)

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscienceD.對(duì)科學(xué)有貢獻(xiàn)的人

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scientificsubculture可定位到Para.1第三句，該處講到“亞文化（subculture）是科學(xué)家生活的地方”。可以推斷科學(xué)亞文化就是一個(gè)社區(qū)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由科學(xué)家組成的文化團(tuán)體”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“那些科學(xué)知識(shí)非常有限的人”屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科學(xué)有貢獻(xiàn)的人”屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause____.我們需要了解科學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientistsA.要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)和沮喪的事情是不容易的

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.B.科學(xué)影響著我們生活的方方面面

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubcultureC.科學(xué)家生活在一個(gè)特定的亞文化中

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceD.這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞scienceaffectsaspectofourlife可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過(guò)教育的人至少需要對(duì)它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作有所了解。（Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife）”。這里的it指代上一句中的science，即科學(xué)涉及到方方面面。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“要理解那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)和沮喪的事情是不容易的”，文中提到如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，就比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征以及具體的科學(xué)概念。該選項(xiàng)偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家生活在一個(gè)特定的亞文化中”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“這樣更容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征”，文中講到如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，才會(huì)比較容易理解科學(xué)的一般特征。這里屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho____.這篇文章中提到的書是為那些____的讀者。

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscienceA.聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的外行

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgetsB.擅長(zhǎng)生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfactsC.在干巴巴的事實(shí)倉(cāng)庫(kù)里工作（的人）

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscienceD.想要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)膚淺的理解（的人）

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處明確表示這本書是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解膚淺的聰明的學(xué)生或外行而寫的（fortheintelligentstudentorlayperson）。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“擅長(zhǎng)生產(chǎn)各種小玩意（的人）”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在干巴巴的事實(shí)倉(cāng)庫(kù)里工作（的人）”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“想要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)膚淺的理解（的人）”，文中說(shuō)到的是學(xué)生和外行而寫，他們對(duì)科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)膚淺。而不是想要對(duì)科學(xué)有膚淺認(rèn)識(shí)的人寫。這里屬于偷換概念。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothispassage,____.根據(jù)文章，____。

A.EnglishisasexistlanguageA.英語(yǔ)是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyB.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageC.婦女正在為消除我們語(yǔ)言的不足作出重大貢獻(xiàn)

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientistsD.男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)該用來(lái)指代科學(xué)家

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】Para.3中可知我們用男性的名詞代指未指明的人（usesmalenounsorpronouns），為了消除這種歧視，我們采取了措施。也就是說(shuō)我們不應(yīng)該用男性名詞或代詞指未指明的人，其中也包含科學(xué)家。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言”，文中只是說(shuō)隨著越來(lái)越多的婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并做出重大貢獻(xiàn)，這一人口已成為社會(huì)各階層中明顯趨勢(shì)的一部分。然而，在討論這些變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面對(duì)的是一種隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言。A選項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，女性的作用才迅速增加”，文中提到越來(lái)越多的女性進(jìn)入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。B選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“婦女正在為消除我們語(yǔ)言的不足作出重大貢獻(xiàn)”，文中提到越來(lái)越多的婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻(xiàn)。并沒(méi)說(shuō)在消除語(yǔ)言不足方面。C選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thispassagemostprobablyis____.這一段很可能是____。

A.abookreviewA.一個(gè)書評(píng)

B.theprefaceofabookB.一本書的序言

C.thepostscriptofabookC.一本書的附言

D.theconcludingpartofabookD.書的結(jié)尾部分

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)Para.2“這本書是為……而寫”（Thisbookiswrittenfor）以及最后一段“我們還努力使這本書既有娛樂(lè)性又有知識(shí)性（triedto