書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heisquitesurethatit’s（）impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.

問題1選項

A.absolutely

B.exclusively

C.fully

D.roughly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。absolutely“絕對地，完全地（語氣上非常肯定，側重表示程度）”；exclusively“唯一地，專有地，排外地”；fully“充分地，完全地（側重表示數(shù)量）”；roughly“粗糙地，粗略地”。句意：他非常確定在兩天被完成這項任務是完全不可能的。A項符合題意。

2.單選題

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

問題1選項

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ajubilant意為“喜慶洋洋的，歡欣鼓舞的”；exultant意為“狂喜的；興高采烈的”；conciliatory意為“調(diào)解的，安撫的”；reverent意為“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意為“樂于接受的”。

句意：婚禮開始時，客人們都喜氣洋洋。

3.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B選項infavorof“贊成”；C選項inspiteof“不管，盡管”；D選項inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：這個目標是用莊稼，野草甚至是動物排泄物來（）為絕大多數(shù)美國人生產(chǎn)活動提供動力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學物來充當燃料的，所以答案選D。

4.單選題

Christoldustohandin

ourtermpapernextMonday.

問題1選項

A.towriteourpaperbyhand

B.tosubmit

C.tocorrect

D.toproof-read

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。題目中handin表示“提交，遞交；呈送；上交”，A選項為“手寫論文”；B選項為“提交；呈送”；C選項為“改正”；D選項表示“校對”。句意：克麗絲告訴我們，下周一要交學期論文。因此，根據(jù)句意可知正確答案是B選項。

5.單選題

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

問題1選項

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項drugged“用藥麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B選項drifted“漂流；移向”；C選項prescribed“給……開（藥）；規(guī)定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“給……開（藥）治療……”；D選項floated“漂浮”。句意：醫(yī)生給我做了x光胸透，還給我______了藥。根據(jù)語境，這里指醫(yī)生給我開藥，C選項prescribed“給……開（藥）”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.

問題1選項

A.assert

B.inform

C.ascertain

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】assert斷言，聲稱；inform通知；ascertain探明，確定；notify通知，公布。句意：我們可能永遠無法確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質(zhì)。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Hehadthegoodfortuneto（

）withProf.Wangfor3years.

問題1選項

A.study

B.bestudying

C.havestudied

D.havebeenstudying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。由時間狀語“for3years”可知該句應該用完成時，故排除AB兩項，學習與主語之間是主動的關系，故C項正確。句意：他有幸與王教授一起學習了3年。

8.單選題

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

問題1選項

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項ducked“躲避”，強調(diào)快速閃躲，后面一般接賓語；B選項evaded“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”；C選項escaped“逃離，逃脫；避開；泄出”；D選項dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避時，目的是免受傷害，可作及物動詞，也可以加副詞或介詞。句意：他迅速躲到樹后，以免被朝他這個方向扔來的石頭弄傷。結合此處關鍵詞behind（到……后面），得知D選項正確。

9.單選題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Theearliest（1）abouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'saccuracytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartas（2）frommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywas（3）withthestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthe（4）thatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographers（5）thatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyis（6）establishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariously（7）tobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anything（8）makingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.Itshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakefor（9）theconceptofartimposedbythe（10）ofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

問題1選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題2選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題3選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題4選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題5選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題6選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題7選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題8選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題9選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題10選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:I

第4題:A

第5題:E

第6題:B

第7題:M

第8題:K

第9題:L

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:1.由下文“whether….”可知此空填controversies正確，句意：最早關于攝影和藝術關系的爭論集中在…

2.bedistinctfrom“與…不同”。

3.beidenticalwith“與…一致”。

4.由that….可知此空指有人指責。句意：有人指責攝影是沒有靈魂的、對現(xiàn)實的機械復制…

5.此空應填一個動詞，句意：攝影師們宣稱，這是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對平庸視覺的反抗，是一種與繪畫同等價值的藝術。

6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此處意為：具有諷刺意味的是，現(xiàn)在攝影被安全地確立為一門藝術，許多攝影師認為它自命不凡或與此標簽不相關。

7.claimtodosth“聲稱做某事”。

8.anythingbut“根本不，決不”。

9.takeforgranted“認為是理所當然的”。

10.此處要填名詞。句意：它顯示了他們僅僅把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強加的藝術概念視為理所當然的程度：藝術越好，對藝術的傳統(tǒng)目標就越有顛覆性。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

第6題:

第7題:

第8題:

第9題:

第10題:

10.單選題

Packingallthegoodswilltake____days.

問題1選項

A.anotherten

B.otherten

C.thetenmore

D.theotherten

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.anotherten另十天B.otherten另十天

C.thetenmore另十天D.theotherten另十天

【答案】A

【考查點】語法結構。

【解題思路】句意：包裝所有貨物需要……天。根據(jù)選項可知，這里指包裝貨物還需要另外十天。anothertendays表示另外十天，another用作形容詞的基本意思是“另一個的”符合語法結構。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

other用在the或形容詞性物主代詞之后時，與單數(shù)名詞連用表示“(兩個中的)另一個”這里指另一個十天，因此不能用other，所以排除B、D選項；在本句中tendays為一個整體，不能將其拆開，因此不能選C。

【句意】把所有貨物裝箱還要花10天時間。

11.單選題

Thoughherparents____hermusicalability,JerriLou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.

問題1選項

A.pourscornon

B.heappraiseupon

C.giveventto

D.castlightupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析與上下文語義。A選項pourscornon“嘲笑”；B選項heappraiseupon“大加稱贊”；C選項giveventto“發(fā)泄；吐露”；D選項castlightupon“使明白；闡明（某個問題或情況）”。句意：雖然她的父母____她的音樂能力，JerriLous的鋼琴真的彈得不好。根據(jù)Though“雖然”推斷，前后兩個分句意義發(fā)生轉折，后一個分句是貶，那么前一個分句應該是褒，B選項最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

12.單選題

Intohernineties,herthinking（）acuteandhercharacterforceful.

問題1選項

A.remained

B.retained

C.maintained

D.contained

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項remained“保持”；B選項retained“保存”；C選項maintained“維護”；D選項contained“包含”。句意：雖已年屆九旬，她（）頭腦敏銳，個性很強。題干的意思是雖然她年紀很大了，但還是保持清晰的頭腦，因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】commonplace陳腐的,平凡的;standardized標準化的;competitive有競爭力的,競爭的;generalized廣泛的,普遍的。句意：即使是通過學校的系統(tǒng)把教科書規(guī)范化,教學的方法也會有很大的不同。

14.單選題

Thegovernment（）aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

問題1選項

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府征收煙草稅，這激起煙草行業(yè)的反對。

考查固定搭配pronounce宣告，斷言；impose征稅，強加，通常與on搭配使用;compile編譯，編制；prescribe指示，規(guī)定。因此，B項符合句意。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰能否認海的偉大呢？我愛海，并不僅僅因為她的顏色美麗，和藏在海底那許多有趣的玩意兒，而是愛她的胸襟廣闊，化污穢為清潔。她容納無數(shù)的細流，盡管她們的顏色有黑的也有黃的，一旦流到了海的懷抱，便立刻變成碧綠的了。碧綠是代表和平，代表一種靜美。一個人，哪怕他的脾氣有如虎狼那么兇暴，我相信如果常住在海濱，一定會變得和羔羊一般馴良；同時，那些心懷狹隘的人，如果常與海做朋友，我相信他也會改變成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我對于海，好像著了魔似的一天比一天迷戀起來，我愛它，甚至一天也不能離開它。有時清早起來便奔向海濱，迎著血紅的太陽由海邊升起；有時特地在陽光將要落山的吋候，去領略海灘的黃昏滋味。我更愛看菇立在海中央的燈塔，我佩服那守燈塔的人，他每天機械地守住自己的崗位，給與往來的航行者一種光明的指示；假若沒有他，這海而將被黑暗所包圍，來往的船只，隨吋都有觸著暗礁的危險。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

16.單選題

Whatifarchitectscouldbuildlivingsystemsratherthanstaticbuildingsdynamicstructuresthatmodifytheirinternalandexternalformsinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment?Thisideaismakingwavesinthefieldofarchitecture.Houses,forexample,mightshrinkinthewintertoreducesurfaceareaandvolume,thuscuttingheatingcosts.Theycouldcoverthemselvestoescapetheheatofthesummersunorshakesnowofftheroofinwinter.Skyscraperscouldchangetheirprofiles,swayingslightlytodistributeincreasedloadsduringhurricanes.

Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.Architectshavebeenworkingtoimprovethecontrolsystemsinbuildingsformanyyears,butshape-shiftingtechnologyisatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment.

Oneapproachbeingpursuedbyresearchersistoimitatenature.Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.“Thesestructurescanbendandtwist,butnoelementinthestructurebendsandtwists,”saysRobertSkeltonoftheStructuralSystemsandControlLaboratoryattheUniversityofCaliforniainSailDiego.“It'sthearchitectureoflife.”

WhileDr.Skeltonisworkingonsolvingtheengineeringequationsassociatedwithtensegritysystems,Tristand’EstreeSterkattheOfficeforRoboticArchitecturalMedia&theBureauforResponsiveArchitecture,anarchitecturalpracticebasedinVancouver,Canada,hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（氣動的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.

Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.Andjustastheperformanceofacarcanbesimulatedinadvancetochoosethebestdesignforarangeofdrivingconditions,thesameshouldbedoneforbuildings,arguesGianCarloMagnoli,anarchitectandtheco-directoroftheKineticDesignGroupattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Heisdevisingblueprintsforresponsivehouses.‘Weneedtoevolvedesignsforthebestperformingresponsive-buildingmodels,”hesays.

Sowillweendupwithcitiesofskyscrapersthatwaveinthebreeze?Itsoundscrazy.But,saysMr.Sterk,manyideasthatwereonceconsideredcrazyarenowcommonplace.“Electricitywasastrangeidea,butnowit'suniversal’hesays.Dynamic,intelligent,adaptablebuildingsare“thelogicalnextstep”,heclaims.

1.Whichtechnologyisneededforsuch“responsivearchitecture”?

2.AccordingtoPara.3,manynaturalconstructions（

）.

3.WhatcontributiondoesSterkmaketoresponsivearchitecture?

4.TowhichofthefollowingisMagnolilikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Thechangeofinternalandexternalforms.

B.Thealteractionofprofiles.

C.Controlsystemsappliedtomanualcontrols.

D.Structuralcomponentscapableofchangingthebuilding’sshape.

問題2選項

A.cancausechangetoelementsinthestructure

B.aremotivatedbybiologicalmaterialarchitecture

C.canchangetheirshapewithoutaffectingtheirstructuralintegrity

D.arefragilestructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelements

問題3選項

A.Hemakesarchetypesofshape-changingbuildingframes.

B.Heusesrodsandwirestobethewallsofabuilding.

C.HedoesmoreforresponsivearchitecturethanDr.Skelton.

D.Hehasinventedthe‘brain’tocontrolbuilding.

問題4選項

A.Cruise-controlsystemsshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings.

B.Architectsneedtoperfecttitledesignsofresponsivebuildingforthebestmodels.

C.Thedevelopmentofbuildingsisnothingcomparedtothatofcars.

D.Theperformanceofabuildingshouldbemonitoredinadvance.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段第一句‘Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.這種“響應式建筑”將依賴兩種技術：能夠決定做什么的控制系統(tǒng)，以及能夠根據(jù)需要改變建筑形狀的結構組件。’確定D選項‘能夠改變建筑物形狀的結構部件’正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段‘Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.許多自然結構，包括蜘蛛網(wǎng)，都是“張拉整體系統(tǒng)”——由許多相互關聯(lián)的元素組成的強大結構，可以在不失去結構完整性的情況下改變形狀。’確定C選項‘能在不影響其結構完整性的情況下改變其形狀’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段‘hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（氣動的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.已經(jīng)開始構建基于張拉整體結構的可變形“建筑信封”原型。輕量級的骨骼框架,由金屬桿和電線和由氣動控制(氣動的)“肌肉”，作為建筑物的墻壁；調(diào)整他們的配置來改變建筑的形狀。斯特克還在開發(fā)一種“大腦”，這種大腦可以根據(jù)來自內(nèi)部和外部傳感器的信息為這樣一座建筑設定環(huán)境。確定B選項‘他用金屬桿和電線做建筑物的墻’表達不完整，C選項‘他在響應式架構方面比斯凱爾頓博士做得更多’沒有提及，D選項‘他發(fā)明了控制建筑的“大腦”’，文章是說‘還在開發(fā)中，沒有完成，’句意不符合，所以A選項正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句和第二句’Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.從巡航控制系統(tǒng)到安全氣囊傳感器，汽車已經(jīng)能夠監(jiān)控自己的性能并在一定程度上自主行動。這樣的反應行為對汽車來說是正常的，建筑師認為同樣的想法也應該被納入建筑中。確定A選項‘巡航控制系統(tǒng)應納入建筑物’正確。

17.單選題

Inthepastfewyears,reformershaveembracedadisarminglysimpleideaforfixingschools;Whynotactuallyflunkthosestudentswhodon’tearnpassinggrades?BothDemocratsandRepublicanshavebegunattackingthepracticeof“socialpromotion”--shuttlingbadstudentstothenextgrade,advancingthemwithpeerseveniftheyarefailing.MakeFtrulymeanfailure,themovementsays.

LastweekinLosAngeles,thereformerslearnedjusthowornery,thecurrentsystemcanbe.AccordingtoaplanreleasedTuesdaybytheL.A.schooldistrict,endingsocialpromotiontherewilltakeatleastfouryears,couldcosthundredsofmillionsofdollars—andprobablywouldrequireflunkingabouthalfthedistrict’sstudents.That’sapessimisticassessment,butit’snotjustbureaucrats’caterwauling.Rather,L.AschoolsuperintendentRubenZacariaswasaneagerconverttothecrusadeagainstsocialpromotion.InFebruaryheunveiledanambitiousplantoendunwarrantedpromotionsinfivegradesduringthe1999-2000schoolyear~afullyearaheadofthetimetablesetbyastatelaw.

Atthetime,Zacariasacknowledgedthathisgoalwouldbehardtomeet.Heestimatedthatasmanyas6ofevery10studentswouldflunkiftheyhadtoadvanceonmerit.Zacariaswantedtospend$140millioninthefirstyearalonetohelpthesekids.Whysomuch?Becauseamountainofresearchshowsthatendingsocialpromotiondoesn’twork.IfitjustmeansmoreFs.Kidswhoaresimplyforcedtorepeatgradesoverandoverusuallydon’timproveacademicallyandoftendropout.Zacariaswantedmoretutoring,summerschoolandintensivelearningclasses.Unqualifiedstudentswouldn’trisetothenextgrade;norwouldtheybedoomedtoredoworktheyalreadyfailed.Itwasaforward-lookingplanthatZacarias,70,didn’thavetheclouttoenact.Hewasn’tpopularenough—theschoolboardrecentlyboughtouthiscontractafterabitterpowerstruggle—butevenfellowreformersthinkhisplanwastoomuch,toosoon.Saysboardmember.DavidTokofsky:“You’vegottheunionswhowanttheirsay.And,ofcourse,there’sthefacilitiesissue:Wheredoyousendalltheseeighth-gradersifyoucan’tsendthemtohighschool?”Thedistrictnowsaysitwillstopadvancinglow-achievingstudentsonlyintwogrades(secondandeighth),anditwillbeginnextyear.

LosAngelesisn’ttheonlyplacethathasrunintoroadblockswhiletryingtoendsocialpromotion.InNewYorkCity,someadvocateshavesaidinlawsuitsthatparentsweren’tnotifiedearlyenoughthattheirkidswereflunking.AndinChicago,whichledthenationontheissue,aparents’grouphasfiledcivilrightscomplaintsallegingthatthepromotioncrackdownholdsbackadisproportionatenumberofblackandLatinokids.

Still,thewaronsocialpromotioncouldhaveonesalutaryconsequence:ifeveryschooldistricttakesL.A.’sapproach,strugglingstudentswillgetalotmoreteachinghelp,notjustakickintherearastheyfinishanotherunproductiveschoolyear.

1.“Socialpromotion”is（）.

2.Educationofficialsgivethereformprospectapessimisticassessmentbecause（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseofZacamastoshowthat（）.

4.Itseemsthattheeffortatendingsocialpromotion（）.

5.Towardtheproposalofendingsocialpromotion,theauthor’sattitudeseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.asimpleideaforfixingschool

B.flunkingstudentswhodon’tearnpassinggrades

C.makingFmoreorlessmeaningless

D.apoliticalmovement

問題2選項

A.ittakestoolongtime,coststoomuchandmayproduceundesirableresult

B.thereisnofeasibleplanyet

C.itinvolvestoomanystudents

D.itisnotapprovedbystatelegislature

問題3選項

A.endingsocialpromotiondoesn’twork

B.schoolsdonothavetheabilitytoenacthisplan.

C.planslikehisaretooambitious

D.it’shardtoreachagreementontheissueofendingsocialpromotion

問題4選項

A.isconfrontingalotofresistance

B.hasprovedfruitless

C.haslittlehopeofsuccess

D.doesmoreharmthangood

問題5選項

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.objective

D.biased

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,“socialpromotion”指即使成績差的學生考試不及格,還是會把他們送進下一年級,讓他們與同齡人一起進步。而改革者們認為要讓“F”真正意味著失敗,很顯然socialpromotion使“F”失去了原本的意義,所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的二三句,結束該學區(qū)的社會推廣活動至少需要四年時間,可能會花費數(shù)億美元,而且可能需要該學區(qū)約一半的學生不及格。這是一個悲觀的估計選項A花費時間長,成本高,可能會產(chǎn)生不良的后果與原文表述一致,所以正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,大量的研究表明,停止社會推廣是行不通的。但是Zacarias的計劃由于他在董事會的失利以及其他改革者的反對而失敗了,作者其實是想表明,停止“社會促進”很難達成統(tǒng)一的意見所以才會失敗。所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第四段第一句“LosAngelesisn’ttheonlyplacethathasrunintoroadblockswhiletryingtoendsocialpromotion.”洛杉磯并不是唯一一個在試圖結束“社會促進”時遇到障礙的地方。所以選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Still,thewaronsocialpromotioncouldhaveonesalutaryconsequence...”盡管如此,“社會促進”的斗爭可能會產(chǎn)生一個有益的結果...由此可知,作者的態(tài)度是積極的,選項B正確。

18.單選題

Forsometimescientistshavebelievedthatcholesterol(膽固醇)playsamajorroleinheartdiseasebecausepeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,ageneticdefect,havesixtoeighttimesthenormallevelofcholesterolintheirbloodandtheyinvariablydevelopheartdisease.Thesepeoplelackcell-surfacereceptorsforlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL’s),whicharethefundamentalcarriersofbloodcholesteroltothebodycellsthatusecholesterol.Withoutanadequatenumberofcell-surfacereceptorstoremoveLDL’sfromtheblood,thecholesterol-carryingLDL’sremainintheblood,increasingbloodcholesterollevels.ScientistsalsonoticedthatpeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemiaappeartoproducemoreLDL’sthannormalindividuals.How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?

Sincescientistscouldnotexperimentonhumanbodytissue,theirknowledgeoffamilialhyper-cholesterolemiawasseverelylimited.However,abreakthroughcameinthelaboratoriesofYoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversityinJapanin1980.Watanabenoticedthatamalerabbitinhiscolonyhadtentimestothenormalconcentrationofcholesterolinitsblood.Byappropriatebreeding,Watanabeobtainedastrainofrabbitsthathadveryhighcholesterollevels.Theserabbitsspontaneouslydevelopedheartdisease.Tohissurprise,Watanabefurtherfoundthattherabbits,likehumanswithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,lackedLDLreceptors.This,scientistscouldstudytheseWatanaberabbitstogainabetterunderstandingoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans.

PriortothebreakthroughatKobeUniversity,itwasknownthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor,calledverylow-densitylipoproteins(VLDLs),whichcarrytriglyceridesaswellasrelativelysmallamountsofcholesterol.ThetriglyceridesareremovedfromtheVLDL’sbyfattyandothertissues.Whatremainsisaremnantparticlethatmustberemovedfromtheblood.WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor.Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.TheLDLreceptorsthushaveadualeffectincontrollingLDLlevels.TheyarenecessarytopreventoversynthesisofLDL’sfromVLDLremnantsandtheyarenecessaryforthenormalremovalofLDLfromtheblood.Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.

54.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

55.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

56.ThepassageimpliesthatiftheWatanaberabbitshadhadasmanyLDLreceptorsontheirliversasdonormalrabbits,theWatanaberabbitswouldhavebeen______.

57.ThepassageimpliesthatWatanaberabbitsdifferfromnormalrabbitsinwhichofthefollowingways?

問題1選項

A.presentingahypothesisanddescribingcompellingevidenceinsupportofit

B.raisingaquestionanddescribinganimportantdiscoverythatledtoananswer

C.showingthatacertaingeneticallycauseddiseasecanbetreatedeffectivelywithdrugs

D.explainingwhatcausesthegeneticmutationthatleadstoheartdisease

問題2選項

A.Whichbodycellsaretheprimaryusersofcholesterol?

B.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

C.WhereinthebodyareVLDLremnantsdegraded?

D.WhyareLDLsecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

問題3選項

A.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelopheartdisease

B.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelophighconcentrationsofcholesterolintheirblood

C.lessusefulthantheyactuallyweretoscientistsinthestudyoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans

D.unabletosecreteVLDLfromtheirlivers

問題4選項

A.WatanaberabbitshavemoreLDLreceptorsthandonormalrabbits.

B.ThebloodofWatanaberabbitscontainsmoreVLDLremnantsthandocsthebloodofnormalrabbits.

C.Watanaberabbitshavefewerfattyissuesthandonormalrabbits.

D.WatanaberabbitssecretelowerlevelsofVLDL’sthandonormalrabbits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關注……”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段先是提出一個問題，即第一段最后一句How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?（科學家們想知道，一種導致血液中低密度脂蛋白清除速度減緩的基因突變，是如何導致這種攜帶膽固醇的蛋白質(zhì)的合成增加的呢？），接著作者就第一段的這個問題展開了論述，并詳細描述了能解決第一段提出的問題的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項“提出一個問題，并描述一個導致答案的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項“提出一個假設，并描述有力的證據(jù)來支持它”中的hypothesis（假設）并不符合文意。C項“表明某種由基因引起的疾病可以用藥物有效治療”和D項“解釋導致心臟病的基因突變的原因”都只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提供信息來回答以下哪個問題？”。文章最后一段詳細的描述了VLDL殘留物是如何產(chǎn)生以及肝臟是如何清除VLDL殘余物，第五句提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘體進入肝臟，與LDL受體結合并被降解），所以文章提供信息回答了“VLDL殘留物在身體何處被降解”這個問題，故C項“VLDL殘留物在身體的何處被降解？”正確。A項“哪些細胞是膽固醇的主要使用者？”、B項“科學家是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)低密度脂蛋白以一種前體的形式從肝臟分泌出來的？”和D項“為什么LDL以前體的形式從肝臟分泌？”在文中都沒有相關信息解釋其原因。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，渡邊兔可能……”。最后一段中提到WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor…IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s….Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.（通過研究渡邊兔，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)清除VLDL殘余需要LDL受體……在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉化為低密度脂蛋白……有了這些知識，科學家們現(xiàn)在正在開發(fā)藥物，以顯著降低某些家族性高膽固醇血癥患者的膽固醇水平。），可知，渡邊兔因為缺乏LDL受體所以它血液中的低密度脂蛋白會過多從而引起高膽固醇，這對科學研究有很大幫助，從而反推，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，那么它對科學研究來說沒什么意義，所以C項“在科學家對人類家族性高膽固醇血癥的研究中，它們實際上沒有那么有用”正確。A項“比正常兔子更不容易患心臟病”和B項“在它們的血液不太可能比正常的兔子發(fā)展高濃度的膽固醇”在文中沒有相關信息可以推斷。D項“無法從他們的肝臟分泌VLDL”，不管低密度脂蛋白受體的數(shù)量多少，肝臟都會分泌VLDL，所以D項錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題干意思是“這篇文章暗示渡邊兔在以下哪方面不同于正常的兔子