書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Herfacegaveher（

）whenshetoldalie.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.out

D.away

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)她撒謊吋，她的面容出賣了她。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。Giveoff釋放，放出，發(fā)出（氣體、熱量、氣味等）;giveup放棄,戒除,認(rèn)輸;giveout分發(fā),散發(fā),公開(kāi),宣布（消息等）;giveaway錯(cuò)失（優(yōu)勢(shì)）,泄露（秘密）,使露出真面目。因此D符合句意。

2.單選題

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：第一段中提到這幾位偉人的名字是為了表明什么？根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的初識(shí)源于歷史和社會(huì)的研究，尤其是從反思性實(shí)踐者的思想而來(lái)，譬如摩西、凱撒大帝和詹姆斯?麥迪遜；在我們自己的時(shí)代就來(lái)源于甘地、溫斯頓?丘吉爾、毛澤東和亨利?基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的目的，是想表明他們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的貢獻(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案選C。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法總體上是怎樣的。根據(jù)原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力存在多種解釋并且大多數(shù)的定義都不一致。因此，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的觀點(diǎn)是分化的，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，幾十年的學(xué)術(shù)分析為我們提供了350多種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的定義。僅在過(guò)去的75年里，人們就對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了成千上萬(wàn)的實(shí)證研究，但對(duì)于如何區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，或許更重要的是如何區(qū)分有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和無(wú)效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以及有效的組織和無(wú)效的組織，卻沒(méi)有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的本質(zhì)還沒(méi)有被掌握”符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.詞匯題。將thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，這些瀝青坑位于洛杉磯，里面存放著一長(zhǎng)串史前動(dòng)物的遺骸，這些動(dòng)物前來(lái)調(diào)查，但從未離開(kāi)過(guò)這個(gè)地區(qū)。由此可知，這些瀝青坑是那些想要問(wèn)問(wèn)題的人的陷阱。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了多年來(lái)，我們對(duì)什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及誰(shuí)能行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能的看法發(fā)生了很大變化；第二段雖然我們對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的認(rèn)識(shí)有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，但是這樣的研究還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；最后兩段講了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的解釋五花八門，但這些解釋都不充分且互相抵觸，許多理論都只是暫時(shí)的，經(jīng)不住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。由此可知，文章主要闡述的是對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的理論不一致，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。look在此處作感官動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來(lái)……”后面接形容詞。same一般與the連用，alike為形容詞，意為“相像的，十分相似”。

句意：“那些女孩是同卵雙胞胎，不是嗎？”“是的，她們看起來(lái)十分相似”。

4.單選題

Hewasextremely（

）bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agitate“使..不安”；B選項(xiàng)exploit“開(kāi)發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女兒的疾病使他特別焦慮不安。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂(lè)意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識(shí)到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.填空題

The18th-centuryGeneva-bornphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseaupromoteda(n)________viewofeducationthatemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualself-expression.(influence)

【答案】influential

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的a(n)和橫線后的view，可知橫線處為形容詞，用來(lái)形容view。influential的意思為“有很大影響的”，符合語(yǔ)境，指的是盧梭的教育觀對(duì)世界影響很大。

【句意】18世紀(jì)日內(nèi)瓦出生的哲學(xué)家盧梭提出了一種有影響力的教育觀，即強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自我表達(dá)的重要性。

7.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto____awayalltherocks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.haul（用力）拖；拉；拽B.transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷

C.repel擊退；驅(qū)逐D.dispose排列；布置；安排

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你必須先……所有的巖石。根據(jù)句意，進(jìn)入隧道前要把阻擋的巖石移走。因此選A選項(xiàng)正確，表示用力拖走巖石。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)transfer“（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、學(xué)校、環(huán)境；該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；

C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你首先得把所有的石頭都拖走。

8.翻譯題

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中國(guó)有5000多年的歷史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

歷史上，中國(guó)在短期內(nèi)被劃分為多個(gè)部分，并且不同的區(qū)域由不同的群體管轄。

從公元前21世紀(jì)的夏朝開(kāi)始至清朝結(jié)束，中國(guó)歷史上經(jīng)歷過(guò)幾十個(gè)朝代的變更。

每個(gè)朝代在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科學(xué)技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域都有獨(dú)特的成就。

漢朝是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最先進(jìn)的帝國(guó),“漢族”這一名稱就得名于漢朝。

唐朝因統(tǒng)一時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、國(guó)力強(qiáng)盛而被國(guó)人銘記，因此在海外的中國(guó)人自稱為“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育與科學(xué)高度繁榮的時(shí)代。

但朝代的更替一般會(huì)導(dǎo)致連年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，給人民大眾帶來(lái)了難以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛澤東宣布中華人民共和國(guó)的成立。

毛澤東思想作為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的政治和軍事指導(dǎo)思想被廣泛應(yīng)用。

9.單選題

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講太多公司在沒(méi)有了解國(guó)外的語(yǔ)言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷，付出了昂貴的代價(jià)。也就是說(shuō)文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)，這里是指犯了營(yíng)銷的錯(cuò)誤。所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是講：翻譯錯(cuò)誤是國(guó)際廣告中許多錯(cuò)誤的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是舉例說(shuō)明，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容，一位美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場(chǎng)，但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒(méi)有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是，在南美許多國(guó)家，“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容可知，為了防止不同國(guó)家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的方法，我們需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免開(kāi)玩笑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

Manypartsofanaircraftare______together.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reshuffled

B.repulsed

C.reverted

D.riveted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reshuffled進(jìn)行崗位調(diào)整；更改職責(zé)配置B.repulsed拒絕；驅(qū)逐

C.reverted回復(fù)；歸還D.riveted吸引??；用鉚釘固定住

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息partsofanaircraft（飛機(jī)的零件）和關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可知，空格處填入“組裝，固定”符合句子意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】飛機(jī)的許多部件是用鉚釘鉚接在一起的。

11.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,（

）focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職，他期待一個(gè)新的主要集中于國(guó)內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此后半句為主句,而且主語(yǔ)為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。故選D。

12.翻譯題

AlotoftheforeignerswhocometoBeijingarrivewithanxiety,thinkingthattheChinesearedistant.ButIthinktheyareveryaffable,muchliketheSpanish.Sure,theyspeakadifferentlanguage,havetheirownvaluesandcodesofbehaviorbutIdonotagreewiththeviewthattheyareverystand-offish.Onejusthastomakeanefforttoconnectandneverprejudge.

HasChinachangedmeasaperson?Well,Iwouldn’trememberhowIwasbeforebecauseIwassoyoungand30yearsisalongtime.ButIsupposecominghereopenedmyeyestoalotofthings.FromtheChineseIlearnttopersevereandtohavenolimitsforeffortandwork.I’vebeeninfectedbythat.ButIalsolearnttherelativityofthings:nothingiscompletelyandabsolutelygoodandnothingiscompletelyandabsolutelybad.And,yes,thevalueofwaiting,butalsothesenseofjumpingtowardsopportunity.IlearnedalotofthingsbutIcontinuetolearn.

EventhoughI’vebeenhereforalongtimeIwouldnotsayIhavetwoidentities,aSpanishoneandaChineseone.NaturallyIamSpanishbecauseIwasbornandraisedinBarcelona.Iamhereonlyasanobserver.AndIthinkitisgoodtobeassuch.Notasonewhodoesnotknowwherehisrightfulplaceisbutonewhoisinvolved.Ido,however,believeonecanbecomeChinesebecauseChinahasastrongforce.ButIdonotthinkI’deverbecomeChinese.IcanonlysaythatIcanarriveatunderstandingofwhatitistobeChinese.

【答案】很多初到北京的外國(guó)人覺(jué)得忐忑不安，認(rèn)為中國(guó)人不夠熱情。但我認(rèn)為他們非常友好，這點(diǎn)很像西班牙人。當(dāng)然他們說(shuō)著不同的語(yǔ)言，有他們自己的價(jià)值和行為準(zhǔn)則，但我不同意把他們看成是冷漠的人。一個(gè)人只是必須通過(guò)努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)溝通，而絕不要武斷。

中國(guó)有沒(méi)有改變我的為人之道呢？噢，我都記不得我曾經(jīng)是個(gè)怎么樣的人，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我是那么年輕，而30年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。但我認(rèn)為，我來(lái)這里見(jiàn)識(shí)了許多事情。我從中國(guó)人身上學(xué)到了百折不撓和不遺余力地工作。我被這些精神感染了。但我也學(xué)會(huì)了事物的相對(duì)性：凡事沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的好，也沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的壞。此外，是的，我還學(xué)會(huì)了等待的價(jià)值，還有把握機(jī)遇的意義。我學(xué)到了很多但我還將繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。

盡管我在這里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，我不想說(shuō)我具有兩種身份，一個(gè)西班牙人和一個(gè)中國(guó)人。本質(zhì)上講我是西班牙人，因?yàn)槲以诎腿_那出生成長(zhǎng)。我在這里只是作為一個(gè)旁觀者。而我認(rèn)為這樣很好。不是作為一個(gè)不知自己確切身份的人，而是一個(gè)具有參與感的人。盡管我的確相信一個(gè)外國(guó)人有可能變成中國(guó)人，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)具有一種強(qiáng)大的力量。但我不認(rèn)為我曾一度成為中國(guó)人，我只能說(shuō)，我能夠理解怎樣才算是中國(guó)人。

13.單選題

Hardlyaweekgoesbywithoutsomeadvanceintechnologythatwouldhaveseemedincredible50yearsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hardtoimagine

B.hardtobelieve

C.hardtoinvent

D.hardtounderstand

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hardtoimagine難以想象的B.hardtobelieve難以相信

C.hardtoinvent難以發(fā)明的D.hardtounderstand難以理解的

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】原句中incredible用來(lái)形容的是“幾乎每周都有技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)常理來(lái)說(shuō)，這在50年前是可能做到的，所以難以讓人相信，原詞incredible“難以置信的”，因此，B選項(xiàng)hardtobelieve“難以相信的”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)hardtoimagine“難以想象的”，與原詞詞義不夠相近；

C選項(xiàng)hardtoinvent“難以發(fā)明的”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義；

D選項(xiàng)hardtounderstand“難以理解的”，與原詞詞義不夠相近。

【句意】幾乎每周都有一些技術(shù)進(jìn)步，這在50年前似乎是不可思議的。

14.翻譯題

我國(guó)高等教育大眾化過(guò)程需要更加關(guān)注4個(gè)問(wèn)題：理解高等教育規(guī)模擴(kuò)大的本原，加強(qiáng)人文素質(zhì)教育，平衡優(yōu)秀與平等的關(guān)系，協(xié)調(diào)大學(xué)與政府、市場(chǎng)間的關(guān)系。所有這些都要以明析高等教育哲學(xué)的一個(gè)根本問(wèn)題為前提，即大學(xué)的根本使命和目標(biāo)如何定位的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)代大學(xué)一定要使學(xué)生和公眾都能夠理解大學(xué)最終和最基本的使命是什么。大學(xué)不是提供獲利的手段和就業(yè)單位的場(chǎng)所，而是要激發(fā)他們理性的光輝和力量，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生堅(jiān)持長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)地、全面地看待個(gè)人、社會(huì)與歷史的發(fā)展所需要的能力。

【答案】【參考譯文】MoreattentionshouldbepaidtofourissuesduringthemassificationofChinesehighereducation:(1)howtounderstandtheprimecauseoftheexpansionofhighereducation;(2)howtoreinforceliberaleducation;(3)howtobalancetherelationshipbetweenequalityandexcellence;and(4)howtoharmonizetherelationshipbetweentheuniversity,thegovernmentandthemarket.Allthesearebasedontheorientationabouttheultimatemissionandgoalofuniversities.Modernuniversitiesmustmakestudentsandthepublicunderstandtheirultimatemission.Auniversityisnotaplacewherestratagemsforprofitsandopportunitiesofemploymentareprovided;rather,itshouldinspirestudents’rationalisticpotencies,cultivatetheirabilitytolookuponthedevelopmentofindividuals,societyandhistoryfromalong-termandall-aroundperspective.

15.問(wèn)答題

Theattacksonambition(A)comefromvariousangles:itspublicdefendersarefewandimpressive,(B)wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,(C)aqualitytobeadmiredandinculcatedintheyoung,(D)isprobablylowerthanhaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.

【答案】D；改成isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeen。Lowerthan后面的句缺少主語(yǔ)。

16.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledMyViewonJob-hoppinginnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines:

1.有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作，因?yàn)椤?/p>

2.有些人喜歡經(jīng)常換工作，因?yàn)椤?/p>

3.你的觀點(diǎn)

【答案】略

17.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D選項(xiàng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)shouldhavedone，這里用了省略，表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做，但卻沒(méi)有做的事情。句意為：我上周沒(méi)有把申請(qǐng)表發(fā)出去，但我應(yīng)該發(fā)出去的。D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Sheansweredwithan（）“No”totherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eloquent

B.effective

C.emotional

D.emphatic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eloquent“意味深長(zhǎng)的；雄辯的，有口才的；有說(shuō)服力的”；B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的；實(shí)際的，實(shí)在的”；C選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；D選項(xiàng)emphatic“著重的；加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的；顯著的”。由本句“Sheansweredwithan______‘No’”（她回答不）可知她對(duì)否定這件事情的態(tài)度的堅(jiān)決，所以emphatic的意義與其對(duì)應(yīng)。句意：對(duì)于要求她出席公開(kāi)聽(tīng)證會(huì)的要求，她斷然地說(shuō)了“不”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

“I’malittleworriedaboutmyfuture,”saidDustinHoffmaninTheGraduate.Heshouldbeluck.AllhehadtoworryaboutwaswhethertohaveanaffairwithMrs.Robinson.Inthesixties,thatwasthesumtotalofpost-graduationanxietysyndrome.

Hoffman’smoderncounterpartsarenotsofortunate.TheMrs.Robinsonsaren’tsittingaroundathomeanymore,seducinggraduates.Theyareoutintheworkplace,doingthehigh-poweredjobsthegraduateswant,butcannotget.Forthosefreshoutofuniversity,desperateforworkbutunabletogetit,thereisabigimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.

Thelatestunemploymentfiguresshowthat746,000of18-24year-oldsareunemployed—arecordrateof18percent.Manyofthosewillhavegraduatedthissummer.Theyarenopanickingyet,butasthejobrejectionsmountup,theyarebeginningtofeelashamed.

Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—50percentofschool-leaversinhighereducation.Thatwasnottoosmart.TheGovernmenthasnotonlyfailedtomeetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.

Parentsfeelasbadlyletdownastheyoungpeoplethemselves.Middle-classfamiliesseetheirgraduateoffspringonthedolequeueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamiliesfeelanevenkeenersenseofdisappointment.Formanysuchfamilies,gettingachildintouniversitywasthefulfillmentofalifelongdream.Itrepresentedupwardsocialandfinancialmobility.Itwasproofthattheywerelivinginadynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.

Graduateunemploymentisnot,ultimately,apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved.Job-creationschemesforgraduatesareverylowdowninministerialin-trays.IfDavidCameron’sConservativeshadabrilliantideaforguaranteeingeverygraduateawell-paidjob,theywouldhaveunveileditbynow.Itisasocialproblem,thoughamoredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnow

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduation

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannow

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthen

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.hopeful

C.indifferent

D.furious

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.infavourof

B.doubtfulabout

C.stronglycriticalof

D.mildlycriticalof

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduates

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissue

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissue

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.26.作者以《畢業(yè)生》中的一段插曲作為開(kāi)頭，是為了______。

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowA.支持現(xiàn)在有更多女性工作這一事實(shí)

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationB.說(shuō)明很少有畢業(yè)生一畢業(yè)就開(kāi)始工作

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannowC.說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的畢業(yè)生要比現(xiàn)在少得多

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthenD.強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在和那時(shí)之間的鮮明對(duì)比

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞TheGraduate定位到第一段，文章開(kāi)頭以電影《畢業(yè)生》為例，指出60年代畢業(yè)生對(duì)將來(lái)只是有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，而且擔(dān)心的并不是找不到工作；第二段緊接著指出，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的畢業(yè)生們就沒(méi)有霍夫曼那么幸運(yùn)了，因?yàn)轭愃齐娪啊读_賓森夫人》的女士們占據(jù)著畢業(yè)生們渴望而又無(wú)法得到的高職，供需之間嚴(yán)重失衡。綜合可推斷，這是過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在就業(yè)形勢(shì)的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)是為了進(jìn)行對(duì)比，并不是題干的目的，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“渴望工作卻又找不到工作（desperateforworkbutunabletogetit）”可知，B項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.27.關(guān)于年輕畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，作者聽(tīng)起來(lái)______。

A.pessimisticA.很悲觀

B.hopefulB.很有希望

C.indifferentC.很冷漠

D.furiousD.很憤怒

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后兩句“對(duì)于那些剛走出大學(xué)校門、渴望工作卻又找不到工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)，供需之間存在著巨大的失衡（bigimbalance）。目前還沒(méi)有縮小這一差距的跡象?！?，從此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)年輕畢業(yè)生就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的態(tài)度是悲觀的，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于曲解原文，文中沒(méi)有字眼表明作者情緒激烈到憤怒的程度。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.28.作者_(dá)_____工黨政府的目標(biāo)：50%的高中畢業(yè)生接受高等教育。

A.infavourofA.支持

B.doubtfulaboutB.懷疑

C.stronglycriticalofC.強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)

D.mildlycriticalofD.溫和批評(píng)

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位到第四段第一句“當(dāng)然，指責(zé)政府很容易，尤其是工黨長(zhǎng)期吹噓（trumpeted）的目標(biāo)：50%的高等教育畢業(yè)生”，從trumpeted一詞可知作者對(duì)工黨的做法的嘲諷和不屑之情；結(jié)合第二句“那不太聰明（nottoosmart）”可知，作者對(duì)工黨政府的批評(píng)還是比較溫和，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文，文中作者明確指出“并未達(dá)到該目標(biāo)（failedtomeetitstarget）”，所以這并不是懷疑的態(tài)度；

C選項(xiàng)也屬于曲解原文，作者雖然批評(píng)工黨的做法，但文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)批評(píng)的過(guò)激字眼，strongly并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?29.以下關(guān)于父母感受的陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.A.工薪階層的父母也同樣感到失望。

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.B.父母和他們的孩子同樣感到失望。

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.C.中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的父母感到更失望。

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.D.父母比孩子更失望。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章倒數(shù)第二段首句“父母和年輕人一樣感到非常失望”，可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段第三句“工薪階層家庭的失望感更加強(qiáng)烈（anevenkeenersenseofdisappointment）”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)定位第二句“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭看到他們的畢業(yè)生子女在領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的隊(duì)伍中，不明白他們?yōu)槭裁匆秾W(xué)費(fèi)”，第一句講的是“父母和孩子一樣失望”，所以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)父母同樣感到失望，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)與原文相反，也屬于反向干擾。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.30.在文章的最后，作者暗示______。

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesA.將會(huì)有為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計(jì)劃

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueB.大學(xué)生失業(yè)更多的是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueC.大學(xué)生失業(yè)既是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題，也是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissueD.保守黨在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題上做得還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到最后一段第一句“從根本上說(shuō)，畢業(yè)生失業(yè)并不是一個(gè)有待解決的政治問(wèn)題（apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved）”，換句話說(shuō)，畢業(yè)生失業(yè)是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題，但是不容易解決；最后一句又說(shuō)“這是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題（asocialproblem），盡管這個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題比人們可能意識(shí)到的更根深蒂固”，所以畢業(yè)生失業(yè)問(wèn)題既是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題也是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位最后一段第二句“為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的計(jì)劃在政府部門的公文中處于非常低的位置”可知，為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計(jì)劃暫時(shí)沒(méi)有，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)作者明確指出，這個(gè)問(wèn)題不是想解決就能解決的政治問(wèn)題，所以屬于曲解原文。

20.單選題

Thegrowthstrategyisacorporate-levelstrategythatseekstoincreasetheleveloftheorganization’soperations.Thisincludesincreasingsuchpopularquantitativemeasuresassalesrevenues,numberofemployees,andmarketshare.Growthcanbeachievedthroughdirectexpansion,verticalintegration,horizontalintegration,ordiversification.

Growththroughdirectexpansionisachievedbyinternallyincreasingafirm’ssales,productioncapacity,orworkforce.Nootherfirmsareacquiredormergedwith;instead,thecompanychoosestogrowbyitselfthroughitsownbusinessoperations.Forinstance,McDonald’shaspursuedagrowthstrategybywayofdirectexpansion.Thecompanyhasgrownbyawardingfranchises(經(jīng)營(yíng)許可)topeoplewhoarewillingtobetrainedintheMcDonald’swayandbyopeningcompany-ownedoutlets.

Acompanymightalsochoosetogrowbyverticalintegration,whichisanattempttogaincontrolofinput(backwardverticalintegration),output(forwardverticalintegration)orboth.Inbackwardverticalintegration,theorganizationattemptstoagaincontrolofitsinputsbybecomingitsownsupplier.Forinstance,UnitedAirlineshadcreateditsownin-flightfoodservicebusiness.Inforwardverticalintegration,theorganizationgainscontrolofitsoutputs(productsorservices)bybecomingitsowndistributor.Fore