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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西金融職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
TheBostonMarathonisanannualmarathonsportingeventhostedbythecityofBoston,Massachusetts,onPatriots’Day,thethirdMondayofApril.Begunin1897andinspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics,theBostonMarathonistheworld’soldestannualmarathonandranksasoneoftheworld’smostwell-knownroadracingevents.ThemarathonisoneoffivemembersoftheWorldMarathonMajors.
Theeventattractsanaverageofabout20,000registeredparticipantseachyear.Inthe100thrunningoftheBostonMarathonin1996,thenumberofparticipantsreached38,000.Whiletherearecashprizesawardedtothewinnersofthemarathon,mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall.
TheBostonMarathonwasoriginallyalocalevent,butitsfameandstatushaveattractedrunnersfromallovertheworld.Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.However,corporate-sponsoredcashprizesbegantobeawardedinthe1980s,whenprofessionalathletesbegantorefusetoruntheracewithoutcashawards.Thefirstcashprizeforwinningthemarathonwasawardedin1986.
WomenwerenotallowedtoentertheBostonMarathonofficiallyuntil1972.Roberta(Bobbi)GibbisrecognizedasthefirstwomantoruntheentireBostonMarathon(in1966).In1967,KathrineSwitzer,whohadregisteredas“K.V.Switzer”,wasthefirstwomantorunwitharacenumber.Shefinished,despiteacelebratedincidentinwhichraceofficialJockSempletriedtoripoffhernumbersandejectherfromtherace.In1996theB.A.Aretroactivelyrecognizedaschampionstheunofficialwomen’sleadersof1966through1971.
Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.However,foreigndominanceoftheraceisnothingnew.Between1946and1967onlyoneAmerican(JohnJ.Kelleyin1957)wonthemarathoninanerawhenFinlandandJapanwerethedistancepowerhouses.
TheBostonMarathonisopentoallrunners,maleandfemale,fromanynation,buttheymustmeetcertainqualifyingstandards.Toqualify,arunnermustfirstcompleteastandardmarathoncoursecertifiedbyanationalgoverningbodyaffiliatedwiththeInternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederationswithinacertainperiodoftimebeforethedateofthedesiredBostonMarathon(usuallywithinapproximately18monthsprior).Prospectiverunnersintheagerangeof18-34mustrunatimeofnomorethan3:10:59(3hoursand10minutes)ifmale,or3:40:59(3hoursand40minutes)iffemale;thequalifyingtimeisadjustedupwardasageincreases.Forexample,a40-44yearoldmalecanstillqualifywithatimeof3:20:59.Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.
BesidestheOlympictrialsandtheOlympicmarathons,BostonistheonlymajorAmericanmarathonthatrequiresaqualifyingtime.ThusformanymarathonerstoqualifyforBoston(to“BQ”)isagoalandachievementinitself,makingita“people’sOlympicevent”.
1.Thefirstmarathoncompetitionbegan().
2.Mostofmarathonerstakepartintheraceto().
3.Theoriginalprizeawardedforwinningthemarathonin1800swas().
4.WhydopeoplecriticizethatAmericacan’ttrainbetterprofessionalrunnersthansomeothercountries?
5.WhocanparticipateintheBostonMarathonwithoutaqualifyingtime?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inBoston,Massachusetts
B.onPatriots’Day,1897
C.in1896SummerOlympics
D.ahundredyearsago
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.achievesuccess
B.wincashprizes
C.attractaudience
D.winanolive-branch-wovenwreath
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.moneysponsoredbycompanies
B.aprofessionalstatus
C.afloralcirclemadefromolivetrees
D.bravefame
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Becausemostwinnersoftheracecomefromforeigncountries.
B.BecauseFinlandandJapanwerethestrongteamswithqualityathletes.
C.BecauseAmericanprofessionalrunningisfarbehind.
D.BecauseonlyoneAmericanwontheracebetween1946and1967.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Malerunners.
B.Femalerunners.
C.Charityraisers.
D.Amateurrunners.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firstmarathoncompetition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics(受到1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代馬拉松比賽成功的啟發(fā)),說明第一次馬拉松比賽在1896年的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上。因此C選項(xiàng)“在1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在馬薩諸塞州的波士頓”,B選項(xiàng)“1897年愛國者日”,D選項(xiàng)“一百年前”說的是波士頓馬拉松比賽的情況,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Mostofmarathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall(大多數(shù)選手都是為了參加比賽的成就感而參加的),說明大多數(shù)選手參賽的理由是為了獲得成就感。因此A選項(xiàng)“獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“贏得現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”,C選項(xiàng)“吸引觀眾”,D選項(xiàng)“贏得一個(gè)橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“originalprize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.(在歷史上的大部分時(shí)間里,波士頓馬拉松都是免費(fèi)的活動(dòng),而贏得比賽的唯一獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)。),說明最初比賽的獎(jiǎng)品是橄欖枝花環(huán)。因此C選項(xiàng)“用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公司贊助的錢”,B選項(xiàng)“職業(yè)地位”,D選項(xiàng)“勇敢的名聲”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.(近年來,批評(píng)人士指出在這項(xiàng)賽事中外國出生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,尤其是來自肯尼亞的運(yùn)動(dòng)員占主導(dǎo)地位,以支持他們的觀點(diǎn),即美國職業(yè)長跑在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于世界其他地區(qū)。),說明批評(píng)美國沒有好的職業(yè)長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的原因是外國的運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常在這項(xiàng)比賽上獲勝。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)比賽的大多數(shù)冠軍都來自外國”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榉姨m和日本是擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的強(qiáng)隊(duì)”,D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵?946年至1967年期間,只有一個(gè)美國人贏得了比賽”都是美國長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員落后于其他地區(qū)的表現(xiàn)之一,不能完整概括批評(píng)美國的原因,所以B,D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槊绹穆殬I(yè)長跑遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國家”,原文說的是在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于其他國家,而不是整體遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國家,所以C錯(cuò)誤。
5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“qualifyingtime”可以定位到第六段,第六段最后一句說到Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.(1,250名為官方指定的本地慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌得預(yù)先設(shè)定贊助金額的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可免除資格要求。),說明為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以免除參賽資格要求。因此C選項(xiàng)“慈善募捐者”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男運(yùn)動(dòng)員”,B選項(xiàng)“女運(yùn)動(dòng)員”,D選項(xiàng)“業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
2.單選題
Chineseproductsenjoyhighinternationalprestigebecauseoftheir()quality.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.indistinctive
B.indisputable
C.indispensable
D.indistinguishable
【答案】B
【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。indistinctive“無特色的”;indisputable“無可爭議的,不爭的”;indispensable“不可缺少的”;indistinguishable“不能區(qū)別的”,由此句中的“prestige”可以知道中國產(chǎn)品享有如此聲譽(yù)是因?yàn)樗鼈兊馁|(zhì)量很好,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能用來形容這種質(zhì)量的形容詞只有indisputable,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意是:中國的產(chǎn)品享有非常高的國際聲譽(yù)是因?yàn)樗鼈儫o可爭議的質(zhì)量。
3.單選題
Manysocialservicesareprovidedby(
)societiesandorganizationsthatdonotexpectanymaterialpayment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wealthy
B.voluntary
C.helpful
D.spiritual
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。wealthy“富有的;充分的”;voluntary“自愿的”;helpful“有幫助的;有益的”;spiritual“精神的;心靈的”。句意:很多社團(tuán)自愿組織提供很多社會(huì)福利事業(yè),并不期望任何物質(zhì)報(bào)酬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
4.單選題
Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.retains
B.gains
C.achieves
D.acquires
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.retains保持B.gains獲得
C.achieves達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得;取得
【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。
【解題思路】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations做habitualways的后置定語。句意為獲得對(duì)各種情況作出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways相符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)retain在這里不符合句子邏輯;
B選項(xiàng)gain指獲得,贏得,經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益;
C選項(xiàng)achieve得到,獲得,多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。
以上選項(xiàng)均不能和habitualways搭配。
【句意】正是通過學(xué)習(xí),個(gè)人獲得了對(duì)各種情況作出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。
5.單選題
Businesstourismisverylucrativeasbusinesstravelershaveahigherspendthanleisuretourists,which()createsmorejobs.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inessence
B.incontrast
C.inturn
D.inpart
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inessence表示“本質(zhì)上,大體上”;B選項(xiàng)incontrast表示“與之相反,比較起來”;C選項(xiàng)inturn表示“反過來,輪流”;D選項(xiàng)inpart表示“部分地,在某種程度上”。由句意可知,商務(wù)旅游是非常有利可圖的,因?yàn)樯虅?wù)旅行者比休閑游客有更高的消費(fèi),這()創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有D選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此,本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
6.單選題
Inherlovetheseais___symbol:tothenarratoritclearlyrepresentseverythingthatisdestructiveinnature,butatothertimesitseemstostandforeverythinginnaturethatisserenelybeautiful.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.anenduring
B.anambiguous
C.acoherent
D.adiscrete
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enduring“持久的;能忍受的”;B選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱兩可的;不明確的,不明朗的;引起歧義的”;C選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相耦合的;粘在一起的;共格的”;D選項(xiàng)discrete“離散的,不連續(xù)的”。句意:在她的愛中,海是一個(gè)___象征:對(duì)敘述者來說,它清楚地代表了自然界中所有破壞性的東西,但在其他時(shí)候,它似乎代表了自然界中所有寧靜美麗的東西。本句表達(dá)“海是一個(gè)不明確的象征”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Wefinally()themusiciantoentertaininsteadoftheabsentspeaker.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.descendedupon
B.prevailedupon
C.weighedupon
D.lookeddownupon
【答案】B
【解析】詞組辨析題。descendedupon突然降臨、襲擊;prevailedupon說服;weighedupon壓于、使沉重;lookeddownupon看不起。句意:我們最后說服了那位音樂家來代替那位缺席的演講者。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
8.單選題
Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eliminated
B.revoked
C.modified
D.blended
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge表示“合并,融合”。A項(xiàng)eliminate“消除”,B項(xiàng)revoke“撤回,取消”,C項(xiàng)modify“修飾”,D項(xiàng)blend“混合,協(xié)調(diào)”;句意:隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失,移民將會(huì)被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。
9.單選題
The()stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.diagram
B.label
C.signal
D.mark
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。diagram“圖表,圖解”;label“標(biāo)簽”;signal“信號(hào)”;mark“標(biāo)志,記號(hào)”。句意:信封上貼的標(biāo)簽寫著“航空信件”。B項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.單選題
Themiserwillnotdonateanymoneytocharitybecauseheis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.greedy
B.thrifty
C.stingy
D.careful
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:這位吝嗇鬼是不會(huì)捐一點(diǎn)錢的,因?yàn)樗?/p>
。greedy貪婪的;thrifty節(jié)儉的;stingy吝嗇的;careful謹(jǐn)慎的。故選C。
11.單選題
Mac'sclose()tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resemblance
B.identity
C.appearance
D.relationship
【答案】A
【解析】句意:麥克和弟弟長得十分相像,人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯(cuò)。
考查固定搭配??崭裉幟~應(yīng)與to構(gòu)成搭配,根據(jù)后面句意可知A項(xiàng)“resemblanceto與…相似”正確。
12.翻譯題
Thisreduction(減化)ofBooleanexpressions(布爾表達(dá)式)eliminates(去掉)unnecessarygates(門電路),therebysavingcost,spaceandweight.
【答案】布爾表達(dá)式的化簡是去掉了不必要的邏輯門電路,從而節(jié)省成本、空間和重量。
13.單選題
Shypeopleareanxiousaboutthemselvesallthetime.Theycan’tthinkaboutotherpeople’s(1)verymuchbecausetheyaretooworriedaboutthemselvesandwhatothersarethinkingaboutthem.Theythinkotherpeoplearemoreintelligentanddo(2)better.Theythinkotherpeoplearemoreattractiveandmore(3).Theybelieveothershavemoreknowledge.Theybecameveryshyiftheyhaveto(4)withpeoplefromadifferentsocialclass,(5)iftheyhavetoworkwithmoreintelligentormoreskilledpeople.Shypeoplegetveryanxiouswhentheydon’tknow(6)toactinsituationsthatotherpeoplethinkarejustordinary.Theyfeel(7)andwanttogetoutofthesituation.
Shypeoplebehavedifferently(8)moreconfidentpeople.Theydon’twantto(9)aboutbadserviceinastoreorrestaurant.Theydon’tmakesuggestionsor(10)todothings.Theyavoidsocial(11).Theyusuallyspeakinalowvoice.
Someshypeoplehave(12)reactionswhentheyhavetofacethesesituations.Theirhandsgetcoldormoistor(13),theirmouthgetsdry,theybreakoutinacold(14),andtheirheartbeatsfaster.Theymighthave“butterflies”intheir(15),orfeellikevomiting.
Shypeoplehaveexaggeratedfeelingaboutthemselves.Theyarevery(16)abouttheiroutwardbehavior,theirfeelingsofself-consciousness,andtheirphysical(17)ofshyness.Theyaresoanxiousaboutthemselves(18)thefeelingsofothersdon’ttouchthem.Theythinkeveryoneelseisveryself-confident,(19),nooneiscompletelyself-confidentabouttheirknowledgeandsocialskills.Everyoneisshyin(20)situations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.feelings
B.benefits
C.opinions
D.interests
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.something
B.not
C.anything
D.everything
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.welcome
B.popular
C.general
D.special
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.connect
B.tact
C.relate
D.deal
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.as
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.why
B.who
C.how
D.what
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.superior
B.inferior
C.comfortable
D.ambitious
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.from
B.than
C.to
D.of
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.comment
B.disagree
C.criticize
D.complain
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.volunteer
B.initiate
C.pioneer
D.advance
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.occasions
B.situations
C.gatherings
D.appointments
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.emotional
B.physical
C.sensational
D.rational
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.sticky
B.shaky
C.pushy
D.busy
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.sweat
B.feeling
C.shiver
D.sweet
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.stomach
B.belly
C.heart
D.brain
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.conscious
B.cautious
C.involved
D.concerned
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.handicaps
B.disorders
C.symptoms
D.illnesses
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.as
B.that
C.even
D.but
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.Obviously
B.Practically
C.Previously
D.Effectively
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.particular
B.curious
C.special
D.certain
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:C
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:D
第10題:A
第11題:B
第12題:B
第13題:B
第14題:A
第15題:A
第16題:D
第17題:C
第18題:B
第19題:B
第20題:D
【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feelings“感受,感覺”;B選項(xiàng)benefits“福利,收益”;C選項(xiàng)opinions“觀點(diǎn),態(tài)度”;D選項(xiàng)interests“興趣”。句意:害羞的人總是為自己感到焦慮。他們不能過多地考慮別人的(),因?yàn)樗麄兲珦?dān)心自己,也太擔(dān)心別人怎么看他們了。根據(jù)后面的“別人怎么看他們”,可知他們不能考慮的是別人對(duì)他們的看法(態(tài)度),因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)something“某些事”;B選項(xiàng)not“不是”;C選項(xiàng)anything“任何事”;D選項(xiàng)everything“每件事”。句意:他們認(rèn)為別人更聰明,能把()做得更好。根據(jù)邏輯他們認(rèn)為別人更聰明,因此應(yīng)該是認(rèn)為別人能做好任何事,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)用于否定句中。
3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)welcome“受歡迎的,令人愉快的”;B選項(xiàng)popular“受歡迎的,流行的”;C選項(xiàng)general“一般的,普通的”;D選項(xiàng)special“特別的”。句意:他們認(rèn)為其他人更有吸引力并且更()??梢钥闯鲞@里要表達(dá)的是“他們認(rèn)為其他人更有吸引力更受歡迎”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)一般不用于形容人;而D選項(xiàng)不能體現(xiàn)他們的心態(tài)。
4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)connect“連接”;B選項(xiàng)tact“機(jī)智,老練,圓滑”;C選項(xiàng)relate“關(guān)聯(lián),關(guān)系”;D選項(xiàng)deal“約定,交易”。句意:如果他們不得不和來自不同社會(huì)階層的人(),他們會(huì)變得非常害羞。這里表達(dá)的意思是“與其他人打交道(相處)”,tactwith是“與……相處,打交道”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)or“或者”;B選項(xiàng)and“和,以及”;C選項(xiàng)but“但是”;D選項(xiàng)as“正如,作為”。句意:()如果他們必須與更聰明或更有技能的人一起工作。這里上句說的是害羞的人會(huì)變得更害羞的場(chǎng)景,而這一句話同樣也是,因此兩個(gè)句子之前是并列,并且都是舉的例子,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
6.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)why“為什么”;B選項(xiàng)who“誰”;C選項(xiàng)how“如何,怎么”;D選項(xiàng)what“什么”。句意:害羞的人在別人認(rèn)為很平常的情況下不知道該()表現(xiàn)時(shí),會(huì)非常焦慮。根據(jù)句意可以得知這里表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“如何去表現(xiàn)”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的,優(yōu)秀的”;B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的,下級(jí)的,低人一等的”;C選項(xiàng)comfortable“舒適的,舒服的”;D選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的,有野心的”。句意:他們感到(),并且想要擺脫這種情況。根據(jù)原文的邏輯可以看得出,害羞的人在這種環(huán)境下會(huì)覺得自己很差,從而想要擺脫,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
8.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)from“從……”;B選項(xiàng)than“比,多于……”;C選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于……”;D選項(xiàng)of“……的”。句意:害羞的人與自信的人表現(xiàn)()。這里表達(dá)的意思是“害羞的人與自信的人表現(xiàn)是不一樣的”,behavedifferentlyfrom“行為不同于”是固定搭配,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論,意見”;B選項(xiàng)disagree“不同意,不一致”;C選項(xiàng)criticize“批評(píng),批判”;D選項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”。句意:他們不想()商店或餐館的糟糕服務(wù)。因?yàn)楹π叩娜撕懿幌矚g人際交往,所以這里表達(dá)的意思是“哪怕他們遇到了很糟糕的服務(wù),他們也不會(huì)去抱怨”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)volunteer“志愿者”;B選項(xiàng)initiate“開始,新加入者”;C選項(xiàng)pioneer“先鋒,拓荒者”;D選項(xiàng)advance“發(fā)展,前進(jìn)”。句意:他們不會(huì)提出建議或()去做某事。volunteertodo“自愿做某事”,可以看出害羞的人是不愿意自覺去做一些事的,他們更加傾向于回避,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
11.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occasions“場(chǎng)合”;B選項(xiàng)situations“情景”;C選項(xiàng)gatherings“聚集,聚集物”;D選項(xiàng)appointments“約定”。句意:他們避免社交()。根據(jù)后文多次有提到的situation,可以判斷這里是復(fù)現(xiàn)原則,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
12.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的,易激動(dòng)的”;B選項(xiàng)physical“物理的,身體的”;C選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的,聳人聽聞的”;D選項(xiàng)rational“合理的,理性的”。句意:一些害羞的人在面對(duì)這些情況時(shí)會(huì)有()反應(yīng)。而后文講到了“手掌變冷甚至出汗”,因此可以看出,害羞的人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些生理反應(yīng),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sticky“黏的,黏性的”;B選項(xiàng)shaky“搖晃的,不可靠的,震動(dòng)的”;C選項(xiàng)pushy“有進(jìn)取心的,愛出風(fēng)頭的”;D選項(xiàng)busy“忙碌的”。句意:他們的手會(huì)變冷、變濕或(),他們的嘴會(huì)變干。根據(jù)前面說的“手會(huì)變冷,變濕”的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,可以判斷出更進(jìn)一步應(yīng)該是“手甚至?xí)澏叮〒u晃)”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sweat“汗”;B選項(xiàng)feeling“感覺”;C選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖,哆嗦”;D選項(xiàng)sweet“糖果,樂趣”。句意:他們?cè)诤涞模ǎ┲斜l(fā),他們的心跳加快。前文提到了他們會(huì)因?yàn)楹π叨骱?,因此?yīng)該是在“冷汗中爆發(fā)”,A選項(xiàng)正確。
15.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stomach“胃”;B選項(xiàng)belly“腹部,肚子”;C選項(xiàng)heart“心,心臟”;D選項(xiàng)brain“大腦”。句意:他們可能會(huì)()七上八下,或者想嘔吐。這里考查了固定搭配havebutterfliesinone’sstomach“某人的胃里感覺七上八下(很不舒服)”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
16.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的,故意的”;B選項(xiàng)cautious“小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的”;C選項(xiàng)involved“有關(guān)的,卷入的”;D選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的,關(guān)心的”。句意:害羞的人會(huì)夸大自己的感覺。他們非常()自己的外在行為。這里考查固定搭配beconcernedabout“關(guān)注……”,表達(dá)的句意是“害羞的人很關(guān)注自己的外在行為”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
17.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)handicaps“不利因素”;B選項(xiàng)disorders“無秩序,混亂”;C選項(xiàng)symptoms“癥狀”;D選項(xiàng)illnesses“疾病”。句意:他們非常關(guān)注自己的外在行為、自我意識(shí)的感覺和害羞的生理()。根據(jù)前文的一些表現(xiàn)(手心出汗等),可以看出他們有“害羞的生理癥狀”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
18.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“正如,像……一樣”;B選項(xiàng)that“由于;以至于”;C選項(xiàng)even“甚至是”;D選項(xiàng)but“但是”。句意:他們太擔(dān)心自己了,()別人的感受不會(huì)影響到他們。這里考查了固定搭配sothat“太……以至于”,表達(dá)的意思是“太擔(dān)心自己了,以至于別人的感受不會(huì)影響到他們”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
19.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obviously“明顯的,顯然的”;B選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上”;C選項(xiàng)previously“以前,預(yù)先”;D選項(xiàng)effectively“有效的,生效的”。句意:他們認(rèn)為其他人都很自信,(),沒有人對(duì)自己的知識(shí)和社交技能完全自信。根據(jù)上下句的邏輯,上句說“他們認(rèn)為人們很自信”,而后一句卻說“沒有人對(duì)自己的知識(shí)和社交技能完全自信”,可見第一句話只是害羞的人他們自己認(rèn)為的,而事實(shí)上并不是那樣的,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
20.考查形容詞。A選項(xiàng)particular“特別的,詳細(xì)的”;B選項(xiàng)curious“好奇的”;C選項(xiàng)special“特殊的,特別的”;D選項(xiàng)certain“某一,某些,必然的”。句意:每個(gè)都會(huì)在()情境下感到害羞。本句表達(dá)的意思是“每個(gè)人都會(huì)在某些情形下害羞”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
14.翻譯題
PassageOne
Abeachedwhaleisawhalewhichhasbecomestrandedonland,usuallyonabeach.Beachingisoftenfatalforwhales,astheybecomedehydratedanddie.Whaleshavebeenfoundbeachedthroughouthumanhistoryandsomanystandingscanbeattributedtonaturalandenvironmentalfactors.Therecouldbemanynaturalreasonslikeroughweather,weaknessduetooldageorinfection,difficultygivingbirth,huntingtooclosetoshoreandnavigationalmistakes.Asinglestrandedanimalcanprompttheentirepodtorespondtoitsdistresssignalsandbecomestranded.In2004,scientistsattheUniversityofTasmaniafoundalinkbetweenwhalestandingsandtheweather.ItishypothesizedthatwhencoolAntarcticwatersrichinsquidandfishflownorth,whalesfollowtheirpreyclosertowardslandmakingthemmorepronetostranding.Insomecasespredators(suchaskillerwhales)havebeenknowntopanicwhales,herdingthemtowardstheshoreline.Strandingscanbegroupedintoseveraldifferenttypes.Themostobviousdistinctionsarebetweensingleandmultiplestandings.Singlelivestrandingsareoftentheresultofanillnessorinjury,whichwouldalmostinevitablyendindeathunlessapasser-byknowshowtoreact.
Multiplestrandingsofdeadanimalsinonelocalityarerareandoftencauseagreatdealofmediacoverageaswellasrescueeffortsbysympathetichumans.Evenmultipleoffshoredeathsareunlikelytoleadtomultiplestrandingsduetothevariablewindsandcurrentsscatteringtheanimalsacrossthesea.Akeyfactorinmanyofthesecasesappearstobethestrongsocialcohesionamongsttoothedwhales.Ifonewhalegetsintotrouble,itsdistresscallsmayprompttherestofthegrouptofollowandbecomebeachedthemselves.Thereisnodefinitivespecificcauseformassstrandings.Insteadtheymayhappenduetonumerousfactorsthatcanactincombination.Manyhavebeenproposed,withsomeseekingtoexplainonlyasubsetofcases;however,theyaredifficulttoproveconclusivelyandaresometimescontroversial.
PassageTwo
Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofaJaguarXK4.2-S.Somight“PrideandPrejudice”havestartedhadJaneAusten,whowaspaid£110(£3,200,or$5,700,intoday’smoney)foroneofthebestsellingnovelsever,beenluckyenoughtoliveinanerawhichofferedthemutuallybeneficialpartnershipbetweencreativetalentandcommercialsponsorshipknownasproductplacement.
Seehowswiftlytheherorunsinhisflashnewtrainers?Noticehowluxuriantlytheshowergelfoamsontheheroine’sback?That’sprobablybecausethecompaniesthatmakethoseproductshavepaidtheproducersofthoseprogramsfatfeestoportraytheirwaresnicely.Productplacement,whichgavebirthtotheoriginalsoapoperascreatedtosellwashingpowders,isback.
Digitaltechnologyisthereason.Viewerscannoweffortlesslyskiptheads,sobroadcastersandthecompaniesthatusedtobuyairtimeforcommercialsaretryingtofindbetterwaystocatchpeople’sattention.Productplacementisonepromisingoption,butitiscontroversial.ItisallowedinAmericabutmostlybannedintheEuropeanUnion.ConsumerorganizationsacrossEuropeopposetheintroductionofproductplacement,savingitwouldunderminetrustinbroadcasters.EuropeanproducersandbroadcasterscomplainthatthisisunfairbecausetheirAmericanrivalsbenefitfromasourceofincomedeniedtothem,andsenselessbecauseAmericanprogramsanywayappearonEuropeanscreens.TheEUisthereforeplanningtolegalizeproductplacement,buttheproposalfacessomeopposition,viewerswatchingads,saythecritics,arefairgamebecausetheyknowthey’rebeingsoldstuff.Whenthey’rewatchingprograms,bycontrast,theydon’trealizethatproductsarebeingpromoted.
Butifadvertisingthatslipsimperceptiblyintopeople’sbrainsweretobebanned,agreatdealofwhatgoesonnowwouldbeoutlawed.Afterall,driversspinningpastbillboardsdon’tnecessarilyconsciouslyclockthemessagethey’veseen;oftentheyfileitunconsciously—asyoubrowsingthroughthesepages,maywellabsorbthenotionthatanexpensivewatchoranewphonewillchangeyourlifeinsomevaguebutenticingway.Asforpeoplewhobelievetheliteraltruthofwhattheyseeinsoapoperas—well,noamountofregulationcanprotectthemfromthemselves.
Anyhow,governmentsdon’tneedtopoliceentertainmentcontent-producerswilldoitthemselves.WhenFayWeldon,anovelist,wroteabookforBulgari,ajewelrymanufacturer,afewyearsago,itwasnotwidelyviewedasaliterarygem.Neithershe,noranybodyelsewithareputationworthkeeping,hastriedthatagain.Whichisjustaswell:theworldwouldhavebeenapoorerplacehadMr.BingleybeenmoreinterestedinhisridethanintheBennetgirls.
Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.
【答案】(1)【參考譯文】擱淺的鯨魚是擱淺在陸地(通常是在海灘上)的鯨魚。擱淺對(duì)鯨魚來說通常是致命的,因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)脫水死亡。在整個(gè)人類歷史中,鯨魚一直被發(fā)現(xiàn)擱淺,有很多擱淺是由于自然和環(huán)境因素??赡苡性S多自然原因,比如惡劣的天氣、年老或感染導(dǎo)致的身體虛弱、分娩困難、獵食離海岸太近以及導(dǎo)航錯(cuò)誤。
(2)【參考譯文】在一個(gè)地方多次擱淺死去的動(dòng)物是罕見的,經(jīng)常引起大量媒體報(bào)道和同情的人們的救援努力。由于多變的風(fēng)和洋流將這些動(dòng)物分散在海中,即使是多次離岸死亡也不太可能導(dǎo)致多次擱淺。其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素就是齒鯨之間強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)凝聚力。如果一頭鯨魚遇到麻煩,它發(fā)出的求救信號(hào)可能會(huì)促使其他鯨魚跟隨并擱淺。
PassageTwo
(1)【參考譯文】看到男主穿著他的新運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋跑得有多快了嗎?注意到女主角背上的沐浴露泡沫有多豐富嗎?這可能是因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品的公司已經(jīng)向這些節(jié)目的制作者支付了大筆費(fèi)用,以使他們的產(chǎn)品能被很好地描繪出來。讓被創(chuàng)造來銷售洗衣粉的最初肥皂劇產(chǎn)生的產(chǎn)品植入又回來了。
(2)【參考譯文】數(shù)字技術(shù)是原因。觀眾現(xiàn)在可以毫不費(fèi)力地跳過廣告,所以以前為商業(yè)廣告而購買廣告時(shí)間的廣播電臺(tái)和公司,正在試圖找到更好的方法來引起人們的關(guān)注。產(chǎn)品植入是一個(gè)有前途的選擇,但它卻有爭議。盡管植入式廣告在美國被允許,但是在歐盟卻通常被禁止。考慮到可能危害廣播電臺(tái)的信用,歐洲的消費(fèi)者組織反對(duì)產(chǎn)品植入。
(3)【參考譯文】但是,如果不知不覺地溜進(jìn)人們大腦的廣告將被禁止,那么如今大量進(jìn)行著的廣告將是不合法的。畢竟,轉(zhuǎn)過廣告牌的司機(jī)沒必要有意識(shí)地注視他們所見的廣告詞:他們經(jīng)常無意識(shí)地對(duì)廣告詞進(jìn)行歸檔——因?yàn)椋ㄟ^瀏覽這些廣告頁面,你可能很好地吸收這樣的概念,即一塊昂貴的手表或一部新的手機(jī)將以一些模糊但卻誘人的方式來改變你的生活。對(duì)于相信自己所看肥皂劇中字面真理的人而言,即使再多的監(jiān)管也不能讓他們免于來自自己本人的傷害。
15.單選題
Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto()foreigninvestmentinrealestate.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.manipulate
B.regulate
C.dominate
D.prevail
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱,操作”,B項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié),控制”,C項(xiàng)dominate“占優(yōu)勢(shì),支配”,D項(xiàng)prevail表示“盛行,流行”。句意:預(yù)計(jì)政府將制定新的立法來規(guī)范外國在房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的投資。因此B項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Thevegetativeformsofbacteriaareexterminatedby(
)intheair,althoughthedifferentspeciesexhibitpronounceddifferencesintheirresistance.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.combusting
B.quenching
C.shrinking
D.dehydrating
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。combust燃燒的,燒焦的;quenching(quench)壓抑;熄滅;shrinking收縮,萎縮;dehydrating脫水。句意:即使不同的物種在它們的抗?fàn)幹酗@現(xiàn)出顯著的差異,但是細(xì)菌繁殖體還是能以脫水的方式被根除。D項(xiàng)符合題意。
17.單選題
Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodformemory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.
Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.
Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—whatisreferredtoasan“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.
Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.
Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.
1.Thephrase“poringover”inthefirstsentenceofthepassagemaybebestinterpretedas(
).
2.Thereasonwhysleepisgoodforthememory(
).
3.Theexperimentersfoundthattheirsubjects(
).
4.TheBelgiangroupreachedtheconclusionthat(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lookinginterestinglyat
B.learningwithouthesitation
C.studyingwithcloseattention
D.memorizingwithafastpace
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.istobeclarifiedbybehavioralpsychology
B.isrootedinitsfunctionofrelaxingthebrain
C.liesinitscontributiontotheformationoflastingmemories
D.stemsfromitscompilingmemoriesandriddingthingsunwanted
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.learnedquicklyhowtorespondtothelightstimuli
B.pickedupthe“artificialgrammar”duringtheirREMsleep
C.pushedthebuttonfasterintheabsenceofthelightpattern
D.increasedtheirresponsetimeastheylearnttheuartificialgrammar”
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thebrainworksmoreefficientlybyknowingasetpatternofthings
B.thesecondtheoryfailedtocoverallthebrainresponsesduringsleep
C.REMsleepreactivatesconnectionsbetweenthenervesandthememory
D.it’sbeyonddoubtthatthesubjectswerelearningincontrasttounlearning
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:A
【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)原文句意:在大考之前,睡個(gè)好覺比鉆研課本對(duì)你更有好處。既然是考試,當(dāng)然會(huì)仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地復(fù)習(xí),所以選項(xiàng)C最能解釋poringover。
2.根據(jù)第一段“sleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。
3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,Maquet博士使用了一款名為PET的電子設(shè)備來研究人們白天練習(xí)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)和第二天晚上睡覺時(shí)的大腦。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求人們盡快按下按鈕,對(duì)6個(gè)位置當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的那盞燈作出反應(yīng)。當(dāng)他們學(xué)會(huì)如何這樣做時(shí),他們的反應(yīng)更快了。他們不知道的是,這些光的出現(xiàn)有時(shí)遵循一種模式——這被稱為“人造語法”。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
4.根據(jù)最后一段第一句“thenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthemateri
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