書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-廣州城市職業學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Architecturalpressuregroupsfoughtunsuccessfullytosaveaterraceofeighteenthcenturyhousesfrom（）.

問題1選項

A.abolition

B.demolition

C.disruption

D.dismantling

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了動詞辨析。abolition“廢除；廢止”；demolition“毀壞；拆毀（帶有破壞感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆開，拆卸（機器或結構）”，根據terrace“臺階；門廊”可知此處應該選擇動詞demolition，故正確答案為選項B。句意為：建筑力學群體沒有能夠成功保護一個十八世紀的臺階免遭拆除。

2.單選題

Attheheightofthefinancialcrisis,alltheycoulddowas______andhopethatconditionswouldimprove.

問題1選項

A.holdon

B.getalong

C.geton

D.lookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項holdon“堅持；稍等”；B選項getalong“與……和睦相處”；C選項geton“繼續做；開始做”；D選項lookon“把……當作”。句意：在金融危機最嚴重的時候，他們能做的只有______，并希望情況會有所改善。they和橫線處構成主謂關系，在金融危機時，只有A選項holdon“堅持”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.不定項選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命運（被抓到真實的或者虛假的交通違規要罰款的命運）），根據關鍵詞some可知，A選項“大部分人被抓到交通違規之后反應很強烈”錯誤；B選項“摩托車司機可能會被警察錯誤地指控了”文中沒有提及；C選項“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護”錯誤，第一段這個例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規，起訴交警部門后勝訴了，所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護的；第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），這就是說D選項“紅路燈會說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn這項決定更加激發了關于增加使用該設備的決定），從fueled這個詞可知并不是這項判決引起的討論，而是討論本身就存在，判決加重了討論，A選項“引發了關于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯誤；B選項“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”；C選項“判決發現支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”，這兩項文中都沒有提及；定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris將于本周發布的民意調查顯示，69%的美國人支持使用該設備。但是，至少有7個州打回了關于安裝這些設備的提案），所以D選項“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實細節題。由題干關鍵詞“Opponents”（反對者），我們定位到文章第二段倒數第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反對者……認為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分問題在于，幾乎所有的設備都是由私人公司操作的，他們負責從安裝機器到識別違規行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機的動機。），這里可知C選項“攝像頭確實是私人公司安裝的”排除；從關鍵詞minimal可知D選項“攝像頭是在警察的監控之下的”是錯誤的，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實細節題。根據關鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部門發誓，研究表明，機器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。）第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事實并非如此，華盛頓警察局執行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納（TerranceGainer）堅持認為。“我們減少了死亡人數。”）這兩句可以看出交警部門認為攝像頭維持了交通秩序，所以選B選項“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項“攝像頭不應該由私人公司運營”，D選項“公司運營攝像頭的目的不應該賺錢”，這兩個都不是交警部門的看法，C選項“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項“細微的”；B選項“普遍的”；C選項“巨大的”D選項“無限的”。根據題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達70美元的罰款，因而該公司總收入相當可觀）”，我們根據后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元，華盛頓入賬1280萬美元。“這一切都是關于錢，”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。），從這句可以看出，華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數量巨大，不然不會受到來自國會議員的批評。由此推測，答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“這一切都是關于錢”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說，他是主要的批評者。）所以選B選項“鮑勃?巴爾強烈反對美國特殊賺錢方式”。A選項“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領導者”不符合文意，鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對者但是不是眾議院的領導者，排除A；C選項“鮑勃?巴爾對技術是否充滿信心”，文中沒有提及，排除；D選項“質疑電子收集信息的權威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點態度題。A選項“積極”；B選項“消極”；C選項“漠不關心”；D選項“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現象，文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現出作者的態度，所以對于作者的態度我們是不明確的，答案選D。

第8題:事實細節題。根據題干的關鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”，我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在歐洲，部署了數以千計的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里（美國）更不受歡迎，心懷不滿的司機們已經開始采取行動，尋找隱藏的攝像頭，并用汽車撞倒它們。）”，由此答案選D選項“采用極端的手段對付攝像頭”，從最后一段可以看出，歐洲司機也不支持攝像頭的安裝，所以A選項“支持攝像頭的安裝”錯誤；B選項“數以千計的攝像頭被毀壞”，數以千計的攝像頭是總數而不是被毀壞的數量，所以不選；C選項“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及，所以排除。

4.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:economical“節儉的，經濟的；經濟實惠的”；B:economy“經濟；節約”；C:economic“經濟上的，經濟學的”；D:economics“經濟學”。句意：盡管史密斯博士不是一個經濟學家，但是長期以來，對政府的經濟上的政策來說，他是一個嚴厲的評論家。根據語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

5.單選題

TherewereincessantdemandsfortheresignationoftheGeorgianpresidentfromtheofficeforhisinefficientrunningofstateaffairs.

問題1選項

A.occasional

B.temporary

C.continuous

D.intermittent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞incessant意為“不斷的；連續的”；A選項“occasional”意為“偶然的，臨時的”；B選項“temporary”意為“暫時的，臨時的”；C選項“continuous”意為“連續的，持續的；繼續的”；D選項“intermittent”意為“間歇的；斷斷續續的”。句意：由于格魯吉亞總統管理國家事務效率低下，不斷有人要求他辭職。由題干可知，hisinefficientrunningofstateaffairs（他管理國家事務效率低下），所以可以推測出讓他辭職的要求應該是持續不斷的，由此可推知incessant在這里是“不斷的”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問題2選項

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問題3選項

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問題4選項

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問題5選項

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年來，科學家們一直試圖確定太陽常數，即到達地球的太陽能總量。然而，即使在地球上最無云的地區，太陽常數也無法精確測量。”可知本文的主題是solarconstant太陽常數，主要討論太陽常數的測量問題。故C項正確。

2.判斷推理題。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最無云的地區，太陽常數也無法精確測量。大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃顆粒吸收和散射陽光，阻止某些波長的光到達地面。所以作者提到氣體分子和塵埃顆粒是想說明這兩者阻礙了對太陽常數的精確測量。故D項正確。

3.細節事實題。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科學家們認為，這些波動與太陽黑子上大群太陽黑子的出現和消失相吻合。太陽黑子是太陽表面上相對黑暗的區域，具有很強的磁場，溫度比太陽表面的其他部分低2000華氏度。可知太陽常數的波動與太陽黑子的活動有關，故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.盡管太陽活動極大期的數據顯示太陽活動緩慢而穩定地減少。一些科學家認為，隨著時間的推移，該衛星的老化探測器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯誤地顯示出太陽常數的下降。可知由于衛星的老化有可能使得探測不敏感，所以科學家認為太陽活動極大期的信息可能不準確。故C項正確，

5.文章最后一段講了對于太陽常數的研究已經展開，這是項復雜而艱巨的工程，需要持續不斷的研究和努力。故A項正確。

7.單選題

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

問題2選項

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

問題3選項

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

問題4選項

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

問題5選項

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節題。題目中明確出題段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相應的信息點(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案來源句則為第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution這個規則主要目的是讓銀行家為不良風險負責以及修復公眾對金融機構的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出來。選項中的“senseofresponsibility”則對應到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加銀行的責任），其他的選項則與最佳選項無緣，在定位區間中沒有相應的信息。

2.細節題。題干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”則是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息點則為"short-termism"，所以最佳選項則為"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他選項在定位信息中未提及。

3.細節題。此題的定位信息為題干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，從四個選項的褒貶正負來看indirect、minimal和temporary為中性的表述，只有B選項的adverse為明確的負面表達，意思為“不利的”，與原文中的“hinder”對應上。

4.例證題。根據題干的具體信息定位，美國和法國的例子是用來支撐什么論點。原文的第五、六段則提供了具體的信息，第五段中美國延遲發放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼，繼而促進緩解“短期主義”盛行的現狀；第六段則提及在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權。所以，最佳選項應為“促進長期主義的方法”。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項里的patience可以對應到全文中反復出現的主題詞"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出現多次，所以B選項為最佳標題，體現主旨大意；其余選項均不能概括全文，故排除。

8.單選題

Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.(1’*10=10’)

Regardlessoftheirpoliticalaffiliation,inallcountrieswomenmustovercomeahostofstumblingblocksthatlimittheirpoliticalcareers.“Mostobstaclestoprogressconsistof（11）ofvariouskinds,”saystheInter-ParliamentaryUnion(IPU),aGeneva-basedorganization（12）139parliaments,includingthelackoftime,training,information,self-confidence,money,support,motivation,women’snetworksandsolidaritybetweenwomen.

Ineveryculture,prejudiceandstereotypes（13）hard.Thebeliefstillholds（14）thatwomenbelonginthekitchenandwiththechildren,notatelection（15）orintheSpeaker’schair.Themediaoftenreinforcetraditionalimagesofwomen,whouponenteringpolitics,alsobearthebrunt（正面沖擊）ofverbalandphysical（16）.

Inimpoverished（貧窮的）countriesrackedbycivilconflictsanddeterioratingeconomicandsocialconditions,womenare（17）bythetasksofmanagingeverydaylifeandlookingaftertheirfamilies.

TheIPUstressesthegenerallackofchild-carefacilities—often（18）aprivilegedfew—thereluctanceofpoliticalpartiestochangethetimesandrunningofmeetingsandtheweakbackingwomenreceivefromtheirfamilies.Thatsupport,whichis（19）aswellasfinancial,isallthemorevitalbecausewomenhaveinternalized（20）imagesofthemselvessincethedawnoftimeandoftensufferfromlowself-confidence.

問題1選項

A.deficiencies

B.deficits

C.defects

D.flaws

問題2選項

A.embracing

B.composing

C.comprising

D.constituting

問題3選項

A.persist

B.vanish

C.revive

D.die

問題4選項

A.sway

B.water

C.truth

D.proof

問題5選項

A.assemblies

B.conventions

C.associations

D.rallies

問題6選項

A.penalties

B.attacks

C.tortures

D.abuses

問題7選項

A.strapped

B.bandaged

C.restrained

D.inhibited

問題8選項

A.allowedfor

B.putinfor

C.reservedfor

D.compensatedfor

問題9選項

A.moral

B.mortal

C.orthodox

D.sensible

問題10選項

A.negative

B.obsolete

C.undesirable

D.vice

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】11.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項deficiency“不足；缺乏”；B選項deficit“赤字”；C選項defect“缺點，缺陷”；D選項flaw“瑕疵，缺點”。該段介紹了阻礙婦女生涯的因素，如缺乏時間、培訓等等，根據下文的關鍵詞lack可以推斷出，A選項符合題意。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項embrace“擁抱”；B選項compose“構成；寫作”；C選項comprise“包含；由……組成”；D選項constitute“組成，構成”。空格處可翻譯為：一個139個議會的總部設在日內瓦的組織，因此空格處為“包括”之意。B、C、D選項均有此意，但B選項常用作被動形式，即becomposedof；D選項constitute在這里應用作139parliamentsconstitutetheIPU的形式，因此C選項正確。

13.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配diehard意為“非常頑固、難以根除”。句意：在每種文化中，偏見和成見都很難消除。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配holdsway意為“支配；統治”，句意：婦女應待在廚房里、應和孩子在一起這種觀念仍然占主導地位。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項assembly“集合；集會”；B選項convention“大會；[法]慣例”；C選項association“協會；聯盟”；D選項rally“集會（與政治相關的）”。由關鍵詞election可以推斷出D選項符合題意。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項penalty“罰款，罰金；處罰”；B選項attack“攻擊；抨擊”；C選項torture“折磨；拷問；歪曲”；D選項abuse“濫用；虐待；辱罵”。bearthebruntofverbalandphysical16可翻譯為“承受言語和身體的沖擊”，此處用attack“攻擊；抨擊”最為合適，C、D用在此處顯得程度過于嚴重了。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項strap“用帶捆綁，用帶固定；捆扎”；B選項bandage“用繃帶包扎”；C選項restrain“抑制、控制做不好的事”；D選項inhibit“抑制；禁止”。womenare17bythetasksofmanagingeverydaylifeandlookingaftertheirfamilies可翻譯為“婦女被管理日常生活和照顧家庭的任務所”，因此A選項最符合文意，可翻譯為“束縛”。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項allowfor“考慮到，慮及”；B選項putinfor“申請”；C選項reservefor“為……而保留”；D選項compensatefor“賠償，補償”。根據前文可知，照顧兒童的設施是缺乏的，那么可以推斷出，空格處是指少數享有特權的人還是可以享受到這些設施的，因此C選項符合題意。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項moral“道德的；精神上的”；B選項mortal“凡人的；致死的”；C選項orthodox“正統的；傳統的”；D選項sensible“明智的；通情達理的”。空格處是形容“婦女得到的支持”，根據financial可推斷出，與經濟支持相對應的一般是道德、精神上的支持，A選項符合文意。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項negative“消極的”；B選項obsolete“廢棄的；老式的”；C選項undesirable“不良的；不受歡迎的”；D選項vice“副的；代替的”。根據oftensufferfromlowself-confidence（經常缺乏自信）可推斷出，A選項正確。

9.單選題

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

問題1選項

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

問題2選項

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

問題3選項

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theu