書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東食品藥品職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clash“沖突、撞擊”；B選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞、墜毀”；C選項(xiàng)smash“粉碎、撞擊”；D選項(xiàng)strike“罷工、撞擊”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“plane飛機(jī)”可聯(lián)系crash“碰撞、墜毀”符合語(yǔ)境，句意為：飛機(jī)墜毀前，飛行員跳傘逃生。故正確答案選B。

2.單選題

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)包容性，但也可能會(huì)增加沖突的幾率。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)有好的結(jié)果和不好的結(jié)果，并且沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)更有可能是好的還是不好的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能有不同的結(jié)果”正確，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生之間的沖突不可避免”和C選項(xiàng)“讓不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起弊大于利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生互相有偏見(jiàn)”：根據(jù)第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起可能會(huì)減少偏見(jiàn)），可知文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)是偏見(jiàn)可能會(huì)減少，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)偏見(jiàn)的存在。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生在整個(gè)大學(xué)生涯中獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就。研究人員認(rèn)為這可能是社會(huì)壓力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇文章中，大學(xué)一年級(jí)唯一的黑人學(xué)生Samboakye說(shuō)：“如果你周圍都是白人，你就得證明自己。”），可知與白人室友同住的黑人學(xué)生更加努力，因此獲得了更高的學(xué)術(shù)成就，D選項(xiàng)“周圍是白人同學(xué)的環(huán)境激勵(lì)黑人學(xué)生更加努力地工作以獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“黑人學(xué)生可以在學(xué)業(yè)上與白人同齡人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“白人學(xué)生往往看不起他們的黑人同學(xué)”和C選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)一年級(jí)期間，黑人學(xué)生在白人同齡人中有些尷尬”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根據(jù)最近的兩項(xiàng)研究，隨機(jī)分配的不同種族的室友更有可能經(jīng)歷緊張的沖突，以至于其中一個(gè)室友會(huì)搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安納大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，到學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，不同種族室友不住在一起的可能性是兩個(gè)白人室友的三倍。），可知不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起比同種族的學(xué)生住在一起更容易鬧矛盾，但不是一定會(huì)鬧矛盾，A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友更容易爭(zhēng)吵”正確，C選項(xiàng)“不同種族的室友相處不好”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很少有白人學(xué)生喜歡和黑人同學(xué)合住一個(gè)房間”：沒(méi)有具體提到白人學(xué)生對(duì)住宿對(duì)象的意向。D選項(xiàng)“隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策”：這里討論的是不同種族的學(xué)生住在一起的相關(guān)情況，而非隨機(jī)分配學(xué)生住宿不是一個(gè)好政策是否合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)隨意地把你們聚在一起。”本科生大會(huì)主席AlecWebley說(shuō)，“這就是整合的定義。”），可知這里的“整合”指的是把不同種族的學(xué)生隨機(jī)聚在一起，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校隨機(jī)分配室友，不考慮種族”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不同種族的學(xué)生被要求共享一個(gè)房間”和B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校為新生安排不同種族的室友”：學(xué)校沒(méi)有特意規(guī)定和硬性要求，室友都是隨機(jī)分配，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同種族的學(xué)生一視同仁”：這里的重點(diǎn)不是平等對(duì)待所有學(xué)生，給所有學(xué)生同樣的福利或待遇，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)隨機(jī)分配室友，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao說(shuō)，她告誡不要基于任何一項(xiàng)研究得出一般性結(jié)論，指出需要研究和解釋更多學(xué)生的背景特征。），可知Kao認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行足夠的研究才能給出結(jié)論，A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步研究就對(duì)其進(jìn)行概括是不科學(xué)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校在安排學(xué)生住宿時(shí)應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎”，C選項(xiàng)“在分配住宿之前，應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的種族背景”和D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該指派有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的室長(zhǎng)來(lái)處理這些問(wèn)題”：文中沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。alteration“改變；變化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供選擇的事物”；substitute“代替”，根據(jù)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”與“成功”之間的關(guān)系，我們可以知道一般來(lái)說(shuō)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”是“成功”的必要條件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”之外就沒(méi)有別的選擇符合邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：你想成功的話，除了勤奮和堅(jiān)持之外你沒(méi)有別的選擇。

4.單選題

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他選項(xiàng)都不與into搭配,而是一般與to搭配。句意:約4,000家私營(yíng)進(jìn)出口商和批發(fā)商被收歸國(guó)有,并被并入一家大型的政府壟斷企業(yè)——國(guó)有貿(mào)易公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

HowdidalankyDanishvegetarianwhowearsT-shirtstoimportantmeetingsandvotesonlyforleft-wingpoliticiansbecomethegreatSatanofenvironmentalism?Bytellingeveryoneheisanenvironmentalistbutsoundingliketheopposite.“Wearenotrunningoutofenergyornaturalresources,”writesBjornLomborg,37,anassociateprofessorofstatisticsatDenmark'sUniversityofAarhusandaformermemberofGreenpeace,inhis1998bookTheSkepticalEnvironmentalist.“Airandwateraroundusarebecominglessandlesspolluted.Mankind'slothasactuallyimprovedintermsofpracticallyeverymeasurableindicator.”

Thebook,whichwaspublishedinEnglishlastyear,becameabestseller,andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinactiononsuchissuesasdeforestationandglobalwarming."Weshoulddosomethingthatactuallydoesgoodandnotsoundsgood,”hesaysoftheexpenseofcomplyingwiththeKyotoProtocolonglobalwarming.“ForthecostofKyotoforoneyear,wecouldgivecleandrinkingwaterandsanitationtoeveryhumanbeingonearth."

SomescientistssaytheyinitiallyhopedtoignoreLomborgbutinthewakeofhisbook’spopularityhavereactedwithafuryrarelyseeninacademia.PeterRaven,chairmanoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,callsLomborg“theprimeexampleinourtimeofsomeonewhodistortsstatisticsandstatementstomeethisownpoliticalend.”Adozenesteemedenvironmentalscientists,includingRavenandHarvard’sEdwardO.Wilson,aredemandingthatLomborg’spublishercuthimloose.“WearedeeplydisturbedthatCambridgeUniversityPresswouldpublishandpromoteanerror-filled,poorlyreferencedandnon-peer-reviewedwork,”theywriteinalettercallingonCambridgetotransferpublishingrightstoapopular,non-scholarlypress.

Theproblemis,Lomborggetsmanyofhisfactsrightandprovides2,930footnotestomakethemeasytocheck.Somescientistsandenvironmentaladvocateshavemadeexaggeratedclaimsaboutenvironmentaldoom,andit’snotsurprisingthattheyhavefinallybeencatalogued.YetLomborgisasguiltyofexaggerationandselectiveuseofdataasthosehecriticizes.Heisrightthatairandwaterqualityandagriculturalproductivityhaveimprovedinmuchoftheworld.Buttolookatthedataonglobalwarming,biologicaldiversity,marinedepletionanddeforestationandstillsaythingsaregenerallygettingbettertakesawillfulblindness.That’swhyit’sashamesomanyoftheattacksonLomborgrelyonnamecalling.Allthatdoesistoavoidwhatcouldbeavaluabledebateonthesubstanceofenvironmentalpolicy—and,ofcourse,helpLomborgsellbooks.“I'mmakingafairamountofmoneyfromthebook,’’saysLomborg,‘‘AlotmorethanCambridgethought,

1.WhyisBjornLamborgcriticizedbyenvironmentalists?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatTheSkepticalEnvironmentalistisabookthat（

）.

3.ConservativesworldwidesharewithLomborgthesameviewthatdeforestationandglobalwarmingare（

）.

4.Thescientists,accordingtothetext,demandthatCambridgeUniversityPress（）.

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecriticismagainstLomborg'sbook?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehehasalwaysbeenagainstprotectingtheenvironment.

B.Becausehebelievesthatenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingworse.

C.Becauseheputforwardanewhypothesisofprotectingtheworldenvironment.

D.Becauseheclaimstobeanenvironmentalistbutdoubtsthatenvironmentalproblemsareasseriousastheyusedtobe.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasattractedattentionfromboththepublicandthescholars

B.hasbeenneglectedbythereaderssinceitspublication

C.hasbeengreatlypraisedbythereaderssinceitspublication

D.hasbeengreatlycriticizedbythereaderssinceitspublication

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.gettingworseandworsebecausenothinghasbeendoneaboutthem

B.gettingbetterandbetterbecausemuchmoneyhasbeenspentonthem

C.notseriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatgreatcostatpresent

D.seriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatanycost

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sellallthebookstoapopular,non-scholarlypress,forthebookisfulloferrors

B.stoppublishingthebookandsellthepublishingrightstoanon-scholarlypress,forthebookisnotanacademicbook

C.stoppublishinganybookswrittenbyLomborg,forheisnotacceptedbyhispeerstransferthepublishingrightsofthebooktoanotherpress,forthebookisnotwellreferenced

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotfair,forthebookiswell-referenced.

B.Itisfairandhasbeenconductedinagoodway.

C.ItpreventsLomborgfromgettingmoremoneyfromthebook.

D.Itshouldnotbename-callingbutshouldbecarriedoutinawaythatcouldstartameaningfuldiscussiononhowtosolveenvironmentalproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段第一句HowdidalankyDanishvegetarianwhowearsT-shirtstoimportantmeetingsandvotesonlyforleft-wingpoliticiansbecomethegreatSatanofenvironmentalism?可知他遭到了環(huán)保主義者的反對(duì)；再根據(jù)下一句Bytellingeveryoneheisanenvironmentalistbutsoundingliketheopposite.“Wearenotrunningoutofenergyornaturalresources,“Airandwateraroundusarebecominglessandlesspolluted.Mankind'slothasactuallyimprovedintermsofpracticallyeverymeasurableindicator.”我們沒(méi)有耗盡能源或自然資源，”“我們周圍的空氣和水污染越來(lái)越少。實(shí)際上，人類的命運(yùn)在每一個(gè)可衡量的指標(biāo)上都有所改善。”確定他表達(dá)自己是一個(gè)環(huán)保主義者，但是他的一些論點(diǎn)和看法與此相悖，所以遭到了很多環(huán)保主義者的反對(duì)，所以D選項(xiàng)‘因?yàn)樗暦Q自己是一個(gè)環(huán)保主義者但是質(zhì)疑環(huán)境問(wèn)題和以前一樣’正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句Thebook,whichwaspublishedinEnglishlastyear,becameabestseller,andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinaction..可知這本書是一本暢銷書，全世界很多保守黨都關(guān)注了這本書；再由SomescientistssaytheyinitiallyhopedtoignoreLomborgbutinthewakeofhisbook’spopularityhavereactedwithafuryrarelyseeninacademia.可知很多的科學(xué)家也都關(guān)注了這本書，綜合分析確定A選項(xiàng)‘這本書受到了很多公眾以及專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinactiononsuchissuesasdeforestationandglobalwarming.“Weshoulddosomethingthatactuallydoesgoodandnotsoundsgood，一些保守黨根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為對(duì)于采伐森林和全球變暖這些問(wèn)題并不嚴(yán)重，認(rèn)為他們對(duì)于這些問(wèn)題采取的不作為態(tài)度是正當(dāng)?shù)模_定C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不是一個(gè)需要花大成本去解決的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句內(nèi)容“WearedeeplydisturbedthatCambridgeUniversityPresswouldpublishandpromoteanerror-filled,poorlyreferencedandnon-peer-reviewedwork,’’theywriteinalettercallingonCambridgetotransferpublishingrightstoapopular,non-scholarlypress.科學(xué)家呼吁劍橋大學(xué)出版社不應(yīng)該出版這樣的錯(cuò)誤滿篇、參考不足、沒(méi)有先行評(píng)審的書籍，應(yīng)該把這本書出版權(quán)給一個(gè)普遍的、非學(xué)術(shù)性的出版社，確定B選項(xiàng)‘停止出版這本書，把出版權(quán)賣給非學(xué)術(shù)出版社，因?yàn)檫@本書不是學(xué)術(shù)著作’符合正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容That'swhyit’sashamesomanyoftheattacksonLomborgrelyonnamecalling.Allthatdoesistoavoidwhatcouldbeavaluabledebateonthesubstanceofenvironmentalpolicy—and,ofcourse,helpLomborgsellbooks.這就是為什么如此多對(duì)隆伯格的攻擊都是靠罵人來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。所有這些都是為了避免一場(chǎng)關(guān)于環(huán)境政策實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的有價(jià)值的辯論，當(dāng)然，也是為了幫助隆伯格賣書。確定作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于Lomborg的攻擊只會(huì)使得他的書賣的更好，對(duì)于解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題以及這樣有價(jià)值的研究討論是沒(méi)有作用的，所以D選項(xiàng)‘這不應(yīng)該是謾罵，而是應(yīng)該以一種能夠就如何解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題展開(kāi)有意義的討論的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行‘符合題意。

6.單選題

Isitpossibletobebothfatandfit—notjustfitenoughtoexercise,butfitenoughtoliveaslongassomeonealotlighter?Notaccordingtoa2004studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthwhichlookedat115,000nursesagedbetween30and55,comparedwithwomenwhowereboththinandactive,obese(overweight)butactivewomenhadamortalityratethatwas91%higher.Thoughfarbetterthantheinactiveobese(142%higher),theywerestillworseoffthantheinactivelean(5%higher).Asimilarpictureemergedin2008afterresearchersexamined39,000womenwithanaverageageof54.Comparedwithactivewomenofnormalweight,theactivebutoverweightwere54%morelikelytodevelopheartdisease.

That’ssettled,then.Orisit?StevenBlair,aprofessorofexercisescienceattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,describestheofficialfocusonobesityasan“obsession...andit’snotgroundedinsoliddata”.

Blair’smostfascinatingstudy,intheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationin2007,took2,600peopleaged60andabove,ofvariousdegreesoffatness,andtestedtheirfitnessontheexercisedevice,ratherthanaskingthemtoquantifyitthemselves.Thisisanunusuallyrigorousapproach,heclaims,sincemanyrivalsurveysaskparticipantstoassesstheirownfitness,orignoreitasafactoraltogether.

“Thereisan‘a(chǎn)ssociation’betweenobesityandfitness,”heagrees,“butitisnotperfect.Asyouprogresstowardsoverweight,thepercentageofindividualswhoarefitdoesgodown.Buthere’sashock:amongclassⅡobeseindividuals(withabodymassindexbetween35and39.9),about40%or45%arestillfit.Yousimplycannottellbylookingwhethersomeoneisfitornot.Whenwelookatthesemortalityratesinfatpeoplewhoarefit,weseethattheharmfuleffectoffatjustdisappears:theirdeathrateduringthenextdecadeishalfthatofthenormalweightpeoplewhoareunfit.”

Oneday—probablyaboutahundredyearsfromnow—thisfat-but-fitquestionwillbeansweredwithouttheshadowofadoubt.Inthemeantime,isthereanythingthatalltheexpertsagreeon?Ohyes:howevermuchyourbodyweighs,you’lllivelongerifyoumoveaboutabit.

1.Itcanbelearnedthatthe2008research____.

2.StevenBlairprobablyconsidersthepreviousstudiesas____.

3.ThemajordifferencebetweenBlair’sstudyandthepreviousresearchisthat____.

4.Blair’sstudyprovesthat____.

5.Itcanbeseenfromthedescriptionofthesestudiesthattheauthor____.

6.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posedachallengetothe2004study

B.confirmedthefindingsofthe2004study

C.solvedtheproblemsleftbehindbythe2004study

D.hadadifferentwayofthinkingfromthe2004study

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unreliable

B.uncreative

C.unrealistic

D.untraditional

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Blairexcludedtheparticipants’fitnessasafactor

B.Blairguessedtheparticipants’fitnessafterweighingthem

C.Blairrequiredtheparticipantstoassesstheirownfitness

D.Blairevaluatedtheparticipants’fitnessthroughphysicaltests

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theweightproblemshouldbetakenseriously

B.weightandfitnessarestronglyconnected

C.itispossibletobebothfatandfit

D.fatpeoplehaveahigherdeathrate

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.showsnopreferenceforanyresearcher

B.findsnoagreementbetweentheresearchers

C.obviouslyfavorstheBlairstudy

D.obviouslyfavorstheHarvardstudy

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.callonpeopletopayattentiontoweightproblem

B.presentthedifferentfindingsofvariousweightstudies

C.comparethestrengthandweaknessofdifferentstudies

D.offersuggestionsonhowtoremainfitandlivelonger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：根據(jù)題干“2008年的研究____”，可定位到原文第1段倒數(shù)第2句Asimilarpictureemergedin2008afterresearchersexamined39,000womenwithanaverageageof54.（2008年，研究人員調(diào)查了平均年齡為54歲的3.9萬(wàn)名女性，得出了類似的結(jié)論。）而前文a2004studyfrom…（2004年的一個(gè)研究……）介紹的就是2004年的研究。因此，“類似的結(jié)論”指的就是與2004年的研究結(jié)論類似。

2）綜合理解：由此可知，2008年的研究與2004年的研究結(jié)果是一致的，B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了2004年的研究結(jié)果”表述符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)2004年的研究形成了挑戰(zhàn)”、C選項(xiàng)“解決了2004年研究留下的問(wèn)題”，屬于曲解原文；D選項(xiàng)“與2004年的研究有不同的思維方式”，屬于無(wú)中生有，原文并沒(méi)有關(guān)于2004年和2008年兩個(gè)研究的思維方式的表述，無(wú)法對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：根據(jù)題干“StevenBlair可能認(rèn)為之前的研究是____”，可定位到原文第2段最后一句StevenBlair,…,describestheofficialfocusonobesityasan“obsession...andit’snotgroundedinsoliddata”.（StevenBlair將官方對(duì)肥胖的關(guān)注描述為一種“癡迷……而且它沒(méi)有可靠的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)。”）

2）綜合理解：由此可知，Steven認(rèn)為以前的研究依據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)不可靠，A選項(xiàng)“不可靠的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“缺乏創(chuàng)造性的”、C選項(xiàng)“不切實(shí)際的”、D選項(xiàng)“非傳統(tǒng)的”沒(méi)有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：根據(jù)題干“Blair的研究和之前的研究的主要區(qū)別是____”，可定位到原文第3段最后一句Thisisanunusuallyrigorousapproach,heclaims,sincemanyrivalsurveysaskparticipantstoassesstheirownfitness,orignoreitasafactoraltogether.（他聲稱，這是一種異常嚴(yán)格的方法，因?yàn)樵S多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的調(diào)查要求參與者評(píng)估自己的健康狀況，或者完全忽略它作為一個(gè)因素。）根據(jù)this往前定位一句可得Blair的研究方式，原文第3段第1句Blair’smostfascinatingstudy,…,took2,600peopleaged60andabove,ofvariousdegreesoffatness,andtestedtheirfitnessontheexercisedevice,ratherthanaskingthemtoquantifyitthemselves.（布萊爾……的一項(xiàng)最引人注目的研究中，對(duì)2600名60歲及以上的不同肥胖程度的人進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，并讓他們?cè)诮∩碓O(shè)備上測(cè)試他們的健康狀況，而不是讓他們自己評(píng)價(jià)。）

2）綜合理解：由定位信息可得，兩者的主要區(qū)別在于，之前的研究是讓被研究者自己評(píng)估自己的健康狀況，而Blair則讓被研究者在健身設(shè)備上進(jìn)行測(cè)試，D選項(xiàng)“Blair通過(guò)體能測(cè)試來(lái)評(píng)估參與者的健康狀況”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“Blair在給參與者稱重后猜出了他們的健康狀況”，表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文；A選項(xiàng)“Blair排除了參與者的健康因素”、C選項(xiàng)“Blair要求參與者評(píng)估自己的健康狀況”表述錯(cuò)誤，這些不是Blair的研究，而是其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)研究，屬于張冠李戴。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：根據(jù)題干“Blair的研究證明____”,可定位到原文第4段。

A選項(xiàng)“體重問(wèn)題應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待”，Blair的結(jié)論中并未提及這一點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有，排除。

B選項(xiàng)“體重和健康緊密相關(guān)”，可定位到第4段第1、2句“Thereisan‘a(chǎn)ssociation’betweenobesityandfitness,”heagrees,“butitisnotperfect.Asyouprogresstowardsoverweight,thepercentageofindividualswhoarefitdoesgodown.”（“肥胖和健康之間有一種‘聯(lián)系’，”他表示同意這一說(shuō)法，“但這種聯(lián)系并不完美。隨著體重的增加，健康人群的比例會(huì)下降。”由此可知，原文雖然提到了體重和健康之間有聯(lián)系，但并未說(shuō)兩者之間緊密相關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度，排除。

C選項(xiàng)“既胖又健康是可能的”，可定位到第4段第3句Buthere’sashock:amongclassⅡobeseindividuals(withabodymassindexbetween35and39.9),about40%or45%arestillfit.（但令人震驚的是：Ⅱ階層的肥胖人群（體重指數(shù)在35到39.9之間）中，約有40%或45%的人仍然健康。）由此可知，有的肥胖人群依然健康，該選項(xiàng)表述符合原文。

D選項(xiàng)“肥胖的人死亡率更高”，可定位到第4段最后一句Whenwelookatthesemortalityratesinfatpeoplewhoarefit,weseethattheharmfuleffectoffatjustdisappears:theirdeathrateduringthenextdecadeishalfthatofthenormalweightpeoplewhoareunfit.（當(dāng)我們觀察健康的肥胖者的死亡率時(shí)，我們看到脂肪的有害影響消失了：他們?cè)谖磥?lái)十年的死亡率是正常體重不健康的人的一半。）由此可知，肥胖者未來(lái)十年的死亡率比正常體重者要低，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾，排除。

2）綜合理解：綜上，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

1）精準(zhǔn)定位：本文詢問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)三個(gè)不同研究的態(tài)度或者偏好。首先，根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句Inthemeantime,isthereanythingthatalltheexpertsagreeon?Ohyes:howevermuchyourbodyweighs,you’lllivelongerifyoumoveaboutabit.（與此同時(shí)，有什么是所有專家都同意的嗎？哦，有：不管你的體重有多重，如果你稍微動(dòng)一動(dòng)，你會(huì)活得更久。）由此可知，研究人員之間一致的觀點(diǎn)是存在的，B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)研究人員之間沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致結(jié)論”，表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。其次，根據(jù)第3段第1句Blair’smostfascinatingstudy,…（Blair最有吸引力的研究……），作者用對(duì)Blair研究的描述是mostfascinating，由此可知，作者是非常贊成Blair的研究的；另外，從全文的行文來(lái)看，本文一共5段，作者在第1段就介紹完了2004和2008年的研究，而介紹Blair的研究用了2~4一共3段，從這個(gè)角度也可以看出作者更看重Blair的研究。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)任何研究者都沒(méi)有偏愛(ài)”、D選項(xiàng)“顯然支持哈佛的研究”，表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文。

2）概括理解：由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“顯然支持Blair的研究”，表述符合原文。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

6.判斷推理題。

1）句內(nèi)線索：根據(jù)本文最后一段最后兩句Inthemeantime,isthereanythingthatalltheexpertsagreeon?Ohyes:howevermuchyourbodyweighs,you’lllivelongerifyoumoveaboutabit.（與此同時(shí)，有什么是所有專家都同意的嗎？哦，有：不管你的體重有多重，如果你稍微動(dòng)一動(dòng)，你會(huì)活得更久。）由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“呼吁人們注意體重問(wèn)題”表述錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為不管體重怎么樣，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)讓人活得更久，作者的重點(diǎn)不是體重，而是健康，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

2）上下文線索：本題詢問(wèn)作者寫篇文章的目的。從全文來(lái)看，本文一共5段，第1段介紹完了2004和2008年關(guān)于“肥胖和健康”的研究，第2~4段介紹Blair關(guān)于“肥胖與健康”的研究，最后一段總結(jié)，展望未來(lái)的研究會(huì)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并且提出研究人員都同意的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“介紹不同體重研究的不同發(fā)現(xiàn)”，表述符合原文。

3）排除錯(cuò)項(xiàng)：C選項(xiàng)“比較不同研究的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)”，原文只是介紹了這些研究的方法和結(jié)論，并沒(méi)有比較各研究的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)還是在于介紹，而非比較。該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理，排除；D選項(xiàng)“提供關(guān)于如何保持健康和長(zhǎng)壽的建議”，雖然在最后一句提出要長(zhǎng)壽就要多運(yùn)動(dòng)，但是全文大部分內(nèi)容主要還是介紹關(guān)于肥胖與健康的不同研究，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理，排除。

綜上所述，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

7.單選題

Shewasthevictimofherneighbor’smaliciousgossiping.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.malevolent

B.violent

C.lenient

D.benevolent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.malevolent惡毒的，有惡意的；壞心腸的B.violent暴力的，猛烈的

C.lenient寬大的，仁慈的D.benevolent慈善的，樂(lè)善好施的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】從gossiping（流言蜚語(yǔ)）可知，劃線單詞malicious是一個(gè)貶義詞，表示“惡意的”，只有A選項(xiàng)含義最為接近。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞意思不符合。

【句意】她是鄰居惡意誹謗的受害者。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新的法律限制人們（Anewlawlimits）”。可知政府限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過(guò)限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說(shuō)到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問(wèn)題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，根據(jù)上文可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。換言之，這里的事態(tài)發(fā)展就是石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。這句話