2019屆高三英語(yǔ)科普文和故事類閱讀理解含答案科普文1Terraforming（Earth-forming）otherplanets,alsoknownasplanetaryengineering（行星工程）,seemslikeataskstillcenturiesawayformankindtoaccomplish.However,itisavigoroustopicthatattractsbothpopularandscientificinterest.Whyshouldthepossibilityofterraformingotherplanetsbestudiedwhenitmaybecenturiesbeforeweknowenoughtoevendecideifit ’sidea?Mankindisgettingmoreandmorehardfactsaboutotherplanets.TheatmosphereofVenushasbeenexplored;robotshavesurveyedthesurfaceofMars;Mercury,JupiterandSaturnhavebeenstudiedbyspacecraft.Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraised,andenoughharddataisrightnowbecomingavailabletoallowustomakethefirstattemptofplanetaryengineering.Inthepast,peoplewithexcellentideasaboutterraforminghavekeptthemtothemselves,orburiedtheminadeskdrawerbecausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinterested.Butnow,awidecircleofpeoplehasbeguntodothiskindofwork.Forinstance,NASAfundedaprojectontransformingMars.Thereareseveralstrongreasonswhichdemandthatthepossibilitiesofterraformingbestudiedcarefully.First,it ’sanexcitingideaofapossiblefutureforhumanbeings.Suchthinkinghasavaluableroleinprovidingoptionsforourfuturedirections.Secondly,thetechniquesofterraformingwillalsohelpcontemporarytechnologiesinweatherandclimatecontrol.Thirdly,suchstudymayassistusindetectinganypossibleexistenceofextraterrestrialintelligence（SETI,TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence,地外文明搜索）andalien（異己的 ）civilizationsonotherplanets.Thoughthemissionisfarbeyondourreachatthemoment,weshouldatleastkeepouroptionsopen.Throughdebateandstudyonthissubject,thepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuture.Accordingtothecontext,what ’sthemeaningoftheword “speculation”inparagraph2?Theactofdiscussingsomethingwithagroupofpeople.Theactofstudyingandresearching.Theactofguessingwithoutknowingallthefactsaboutsomething.Theactingofwritingletterstoacertainorganization.Whydidpeoplekeeptheideaofterraformingtothemselvesinthepast?Theythoughtnooneelsewouldshowinterestintheidea.Theygraduallycametofindtheideacrazy.Theythoughttheideawouldnevercometrue.Theyhadfewresourcesforfurtherstudyonthistopic.WhichisNOTthereasontosupportthestudyofterraforming?Evenifwedon’tsucceedinterraforming,suchstudymayhelpustobetterunderstandtechnologiessuchasclimateandweathercontrol.Suchstudymayexploreanewdirectionofdevelopmentforhumanbeings.Suchstudymayenableustofindthelivesonotherplanets.AstheresourcesonEartharebeingdrained,it’sveryurgenttostudyhowtomigrate（遷移）tootherplanets.What’sthemainideaofthearticle?It’shighlypossiblethatterraformingotherplanetswillcometruesoweshouldincreaseinvestinginthisprogram.Eveniftheideaofterraformingotherplanetsmaytakecenturiestorealize,wehavemanyreasonstosupportsuchstudies.Terraformingotherplanetsisthebestoptionforhumanbeing ’sfuture.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingplanetaryengineeringastheiroccupation.54-57CADB科普文2CookingKillsFourMillionPeopleaYearPollutedairborneparticles（大氣懸浮顆粒）kill7millionpeopleayear,reportstheWorldHealthOrganization.ThatnewsmaynotcomeasasurprisetoanyonewhohasseenimagesofchimneysinBeijing,DelhiorMexico.Butthosefactories－oreventhejammedroadwaysofmoderncities－arenotthebiggestkiller.Eachyear,some4.3millionpeopledieearlierthantheyshouldbecauseofpollutedairinsidetheirhomes,saystheWHO.What'scausingtheairinsidepeople'shomestobesopoisonousthatitkillsaround11,000peopleaday?Stoves.“Havinganopenfireinyourkitchenislikeburning400cigarettesanhour.saysKirkSmith,aprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,whoseresearchsuggeststhathouseholdairpollutionfromcookingkilledbetween3.5millionand4millionpeoplein2013.Notallstovescausethiskindofharm.TheonesSmith'stalkingaboutarethosethatthe3billionpeopleinthedevelopingworlduseforheatandcooking,whichburnsolidfuelssuchaswood,coal,orcropwasteinsteadofgas.Thesmokefromthosefiresproducesharmfulfineparticlesandcarbonmonoxideintohomes.Poorventilationthenpreventsthatsmokefromescaping,raisingfineparticlelevels100timeshigherthanthelimitsthattheWHOconsidersacceptable.Breathingthisairdayindayouteventuallycausesalotofdiseases:morethanathirdofthe4.3milliondieofastroke,whileaquarterdieofheartdisease.Andaroundone-thirdofannuallungdiseasedeathsworldwideareduetowastefromcoalstoves.Exposuretendstobeextremelyharmfulforthepeoplewhospendthemosttimearoundthefire－usuallywomenandyoungchildren.Infact,theWHOreportsthathouseholdairpollutionalmostdoublestheriskforchildhoodlungdisease.AccordingtoKirkSmith'sresearch, .factoriesarethebiggestkillerworldwidenowadaysburning400cigarettesanhourisextremelydangeroushouseholdairpollutionfromcookingissurprisinglyharmfulsome4.3millionpeopledieearliereachyearthantheyshouldWhatshouldbethedeadlykillerinahouseholdkitchen?A.Solidfuels.B.Coalstoves.C.Poorgas.D.Cookingsmoke.Theunderlinedword“ventilation”inParagraph4probablymeans .A.airingB.cookingC.burningD.coolingTheauthorintendstotellpeople .howtoavoidpollutedairintheirhomestostopcookinginthehouseholdkitchentoguardagainsthouseholdpollutionfromcookinghowtopreventchildhoodlungdiseasesinhousehold【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中 ...whoseresearchsuggeststhat...in2013.可知此項(xiàng)研究表明由于做飯導(dǎo)致的室內(nèi)空氣污染造成了 350?400萬(wàn)人死亡，說(shuō)明室內(nèi)空氣污染的危害之大。【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知并不是所有的爐子 （stove）都有危害，有危害的是燃燒固體燃料（solidfuels）之后產(chǎn)生的煙（smoke）。【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。句意：不好的ventilation不能使煙排到室外。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知是室內(nèi)通風(fēng)條件不好。air及物動(dòng)詞 ,使房間通風(fēng) ,透氣。故答案選A。【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。 A:如何避免家中的空氣污染，本文沒(méi)有給出具體的措施。 B:告訴人們不要在廚房做飯 ,本文沒(méi)有告訴讀者不要在廚房做飯 ,而且也不符合常理。 C：告訴人們提防由于做飯而引起的室內(nèi)污染，本文主要介紹了由于做飯產(chǎn)生的煙所帶來(lái)的危害 ，因此C是正確答案。D：如何防止孩子得肺病，內(nèi)容太寬泛了，所以不對(duì)。科普文3Haveyoueverlookedtowardtheskyonafalldayandwitnessedagroupofmigratingbirds?Ifso,youprobablynotedtheV-shapedformationofthebirdsorthebirdsflyinginaball-likeformation.Whydobirdsflythisway?Manytheorieshavebeendevelopedtoexplaintheformationpatternsofdifferenttypesofbirds.Onetheoryisthatbirdsflyincertainformationstotakeadvantageofthelawsofnature.ThebirdsknowthatflyinginaV-shapedpatternwillsaveenergy.Liketheleadcyclistinaracewhodecreaseswindforceforthecyclistswhofollow,theleadbirdcutswindforceforthebirdsthatfollow.Thisdecreaseinwindforcemeansthatthebirdsuseupto70percentlessenergyduringtheirflight.Whentheleadbirdbecomestired,amorerestedbirdtakesoverthatposition.Butsavingenergyisimportantformorethanonereason.Sometimesfoodisshortduringmigrationflights.Keepingenergyenablesthebirdstoflylongerdistancesbetweenmeals.Whenfoodissighted,thebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingarea,itmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Then,thisbirdbecomesthenewleader.Ithelpsguaranteethatotherbirdswillknowexactlywhereitisgoing.Thenthewholegroupmakesachangeindirection,gentlystreamingfromtheskydowntotheground.Thisformationislikeanarrowpointingtothelocationoffood.Scientistshavealsostudiedthebirdsthatsometimesflyinaball-likeformation.Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator（天敵）isspotted.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.Thebirdswilloftendipanddiveasagroup,frustratingeventhemostpersistentenemy.Scientistsreportthatthisisaveryeffectivemethodofdefenseagainstanattack.Thebirdscarefortheirfellowfliersthroughteamwork.AstransportationexpertHenryFordoncesaid,“Ifeveryoneismovingforwardtogether,thensuccesstakescareofitself.Wh”enitcomestoteamwork,thesefeatheredfliersareasoaringsuccess!Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatbirds .movefasterthancyclistsprefertoflyinaVformationaresmarterthanotheranimalsplaydifferentrolesinaformationWhenfoodissighted, .thegroupfollowsthediscoverertheleadbirddecideswhattodothediscovererleavesthegroupthewholegroupformsastreamToprotectthemselvesfromattack,birdswill .breakintogroupscomeclosetogetherchangedirectionsD.flyupanddownWhichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ABird's-EyeViewofTeamworkSuccessTakesCareofItselfTheStrongestWillSurviveD.AScienceBehindFlying【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。文中介紹的三種隊(duì)形的飛行中,鳥(niǎo)類都是依靠團(tuán)隊(duì)的協(xié)作來(lái)完成飛行、覓食及抵御天敵的進(jìn)攻等各種活動(dòng) ，因此本題選D,其他三項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有在文中明確提到。【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句Whenfoodissighted,thebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingarea,itmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Then,thisbirdbecomesthenewleader.可知A項(xiàng)正確。【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二、三句Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator（天敵）isspotted.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.可知本題答案為 B。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。從文章的內(nèi)容看 ,作者介紹了鳥(niǎo)類的三種飛行模式 ,它們都是利用了團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作來(lái)完成各種活動(dòng)的,故選 A。故事類閱讀 1RescueThegirlwashangingbyherhandsfromtherailingsofabalcony（陽(yáng)臺(tái)的欄桿 ）.Thebalconywasonthetwelfthfloorofthehighriseblocknexttohis.Hisflatwasontheninthfloorandhehadtolookuptoseeher.Itwashalfpastsixinthemorning.Hehadbeenawakenedbythesoundofanaircraftflyingdangerouslylowoverhead,andhadgotoutofbedtolook.Hissleepyeyes,movedfromtheblueskywhichwasemptyofcloud,emptyofanythingbutthebrightdisappearingarrowoftheaircraft,andthenrestedonthehangingfigure.Hereallythoughthemustbedreaming,forthissunrisetimewasthehourfordreams.Then,whenheknewhewasn h’etd,ecideditmustbeasceneinafilm.Therewerecameramendownthere,awholefilmunit,andallthecorrectsafetyprecautionshadbeentaken.Probablythegirlwasn’tevenarealgirl,butadummy（假人）.Heopenedthewindowandlookeddown.Thecarpark,pavedcourts,grassspacesbetweentheblocks,allweredeserted.Onthebalconyrailoneofthedummy’shandsmoved,desperately.Hehadtobelievethenwhatwasobviouslyhappening.Thegirlwastryingtokillherself.Shehadlosthercourageandnowwastryingtostayalive.Allthesethoughtsandconclusionsofhisoccupiedaboutthirtyseconds.Thenheacted.Hepickedupthephoneanddialedtheemergencynumberforthepolice.Thearrivalofthepolicecarsandtherescueofthegirlbecamethefocusoftalkforthepeopleofthetwoblocks.Someonefoundoutthatitwashewhohadcalledthepoliceandhebecameanunwillinghero.Hewasamodest,quietyoungman,andwasinreliefwhenthetalkbegantodieaway.AgainhewasabletoenterandleavehisflatwithoutbeingpointedatasakindofStGeorgeandsometimesevencongratulated.Aboutafortnightafterthatmorning,hewasgettingreadytogotothetheatre,justputtingonhisovercoat,whenthedoorbellrang.Hedidn ’trecognizethegirlwhostoodoHuetshidaed.neverseenherface.Shesaid,“I’mLySdimiapson.Yousavedmylife.I’vecometothankyou.1.Whatdidthemandofirstafterhegotup?Helookeddownfromthewindow.Hewenttoseethenoisyaircraft.Hecalledthepolicetosavethegirl.Hehurriedtocheckwhowasoutside.Themomentthemansawthegirlhangingthere,hefeltitwas.scaringdesperateunbelievabledangerousWecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.themandislikedtobetalkedaboutthegirlwasunwillingtoberescuedthepolicearrivedquicklyonthescenethegirlwasactuallyanactressinafilmBCA【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第五、六句Hehadbeenawakenedbythesoundofanaircraftflyingdangerouslylowoverhead,andhadgotoutofbedtolook.Hissleepyeyes,movedfromthebluesky...他被一個(gè)低位飛行的飛機(jī)的聲音吵醒了 ,然后起床去看。他惺忪的睡眼 ,從蔚藍(lán)B。B。【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段 Hereallythoughthemustbedreaming,forthissunrisetimewasthehourfordreams.他真的以為自己是在做夢(mèng) ,因?yàn)樘?yáng)升起的時(shí)刻正是做夢(mèng)的時(shí)候。 可知當(dāng)他看到掛在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的女孩時(shí) ,他感覺(jué)是難以置信的。所以選擇 C。【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句 ...hebecameanunwillinghero.Hewasamodest,quietyoungman,andwasinreliefwhenthetalkbegantodieaway.他成了一個(gè)不情愿的英雄。他是一個(gè)溫和的、安靜的年輕人 ,當(dāng)那些談?wù)摑u漸消失的時(shí)候他感到如釋重負(fù)。可以推斷他不喜歡被談?wù)摗Ｋ赃x擇 A。故事類閱讀 2MyFirstMarathonAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces辭帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNER”S!Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.（1）Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor .A.waswelltrained B.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorun D.losthope2）WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.（3）Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?Hemadeit.C.Hegotthefirstprize.Hequithalfway.D.Hewalkedtotheend.4）Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.（1）C（2）C （3）A（4）B故事類閱讀 3WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.""Oh,stop.Thereitis!"Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus."MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine."Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（愛(ài)窺探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""What'sthisplace?"Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhom