書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-楊凌職業技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運動生涯結束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細節判斷題。根據題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個黑人棒球運動員)。B選項與此不符。

4.細節歸納題。文中提到的每個名人在其領域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

2.單選題

Wehaveinvested（

）￡80,000inthisproject,buttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問題1選項

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；approximately“大約”；reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：盡管我們已在這個項目上投資了大約8萬英鎊，但是直到現在我們拿回一分錢的希望都沒有。C項最符合句意，故答案C

3.單選題

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

問題1選項

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項required“要求”；B選項acquired“獲得，取得”；C選項inquired“詢問，問明”；D選項inspired“激發，鼓舞”。句意：這個作品在作曲者的追隨者中（）經典的地位，作品和追隨者心目中的地位是需要獲得的，所以B選項acquire最合適。

4.單選題

Wehavehasamarvelousholiday.Onlythelasttwodayswereslightly（）byweather.

問題1選項

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項damage“損害”；B選項enhance“提高、增強”；C選項spoil“破壞、掠奪”；D選項diminish“減少、縮小”，句意為：我們度過了一個美好的假期。只有最后兩天因為天氣有點掃興。C選項符合句意。

5.不定項選擇題

AdvancesincampaignagainsttheIslamicStateinSyriaandIraqareforcingtheextremiststoabandonterritorythere,generatingconcernsthattheyarecarvingoutanewstrongholdinoil-richLibya,SecretaryofStateJohnF.KerrysaidTuesday.

“Aseverybodyhereknows,thatcountryhasresources,”Kerrysaidataconferenceof23foreignministersfromnationsthatformthecoreofacoalitionfightingtheIslamicState.“Thelastthingintheworldyou'dwantisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenue.”

Inajointstatement,bothKerryandItalianforeignministerPaoloGentiloniexpressedconcernoverthe“growinginfluence”ofIslamicStateinLibya.Theyvowedto“continuetoNationalAccordinitseffortstoestablishpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.”

KerryruledoutmilitaryinterventioninLibyabytheUnitedStatesinnearfuture.Buthesaidthatcouldchangeiftherewere“someturnofevents,likeweaponsofmassdestructionendingupinthehandsofthewrongpeople”.

Libyahasbeeninastateofchaossince2011whenMoammarGaddafiwasousted.Tworivalgovernmentssubsequentlyemerged,andcontinuingconflicthasfoiledeffortstoestablishaunitedLibyangovernment.

ThoughtheemergingthreatinLibyacommandedmuchofthediplomats'attention,thesituationinSyriaremainstroublesome.SuccessinpushingIslamicStatefightersoutofanestimated40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraqand20percentto30percentofthelandtheyheldinSyriahascreateditsownsetofurgentproblems.

Fleeingfightersoftenbooby-traphomesanddemolishbuildings,whichthenneedtobeclearedandrebuiltbeforeresidentscanreturn.Kerryurgedhisfellowforeignministerstodonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesinthoseareas.

NowthatU.N.-backedSyriapeacetalksaimedatendingthewarhavestartedinGeneva,KerrycalledonRussiatostopbombingoppositionfightersandtheSyriangovernmenttogranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.

Withtheonsetofpeacetalks,acease-fireshouldfollowshortly,hesaid.

“Weareatthetable,andweexpectacease-fire,”hesaid.“Andweexpectadherencetothecease-fire,andweexpectfullhumanitarianaccess.”

InGeneva,whereU.N.envoyStaffandeMisturaonMondaydeclaredtheofficialopeningoftalksbetweentheSyriangovernmentandopposition,bothsidessaidthatasfarastheywereconcerned,negotiationshadnotyetbegun.

Inastatement,theoppositiondelegationsaidSyrianrebelsarefacing“amassiveaccelerationofRussianandregimemilitaryaggression...includingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurev"nearthecitiesofAleppoandHomsoverthepasttwodays.

TheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusedtheoppositionofactinglike“amateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians”.Syria'sUnitedNationsambassador,BasharJaafari,representingSyrianPresidentBasheral-Assad,saidhissidechallengedtheparticipationoftwo“terrorist”groupsintheoppositiondelegation,accordingtothestate-runSyrianArabNewsAgency.

TheObamaadministrationiseagerforthepeacetalkstobeginandhaspressuredtheoppositiontoparticipate.Oppositionrepresentativeshavesaidtheagreed-uponrulesforthenegotiations,inaU.N.resolution,callforanendtobombardmentsandgovernmentsiegesofcivilianareas,aswellasthereleaseofprisoners.

RussianForeignMinisterSergeiLavrovtoldreporterstherethathisgovernmentconsideredmembersofJaishal-IslamandAhraral-Shamtobeparticipatingintheoppositiondelegationintheir“personalcapacity”ratherthanasofficialrepresentatives.LavrovalsosaidthatheconsidersittheresponsibilityoftheUnitedStates,asleaderofthecoalitionagainsttheIslamicStateinSyriaandIraq,topreventconflictamongthevariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverthosecountries.

1.BothKerryandPaoloGentiloniagreeduponthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhatdidKerryurgehisfellowforeignministerstodo?

4.WhatdidtheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusetheoppositionof?

問題1選項

A.ContinuingtomonitorcloselythedevelopmentsinLibya.

B.BeingreadytosupporttheGovernmentofNationalAccordinestablishingpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.

C.ImmediatemilitaryinterventioninLibya.

D.ConcernoverthegrowinginfluenceofIslamicStateinLibya.

問題2選項

A.TheextremistsinLibyaareforcedtoabandontheirterritoryinSyriaandIraq.

B.AccordingtoKerry,thelastthingAmericawantsisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenueinLibya.

C.AunitedLibyangovernmenthasbeensuccessfullyestablished.

D.LongtimedictatorMoammarGaddafiwasoustedin2011.

問題3選項

A.TopushIslamicStatefightersoutofapproximate40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraq.

B.Todonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesdestroyedbyfleeingfighters.

C.TodriveIslamicStatefightersoutofthelandtheyheldinSyriaandadheretotheceasefire.

D.Tostopbombingoppositionfightersandgranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.

問題4選項

A.Performinglikeamateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians.

B.AcceleratingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurenearthecitiesofAleppoandHoms.

C.Participatinginbombardmentsandsiegesofcivilianareas.

D.PreventingconflictsamongvariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverSyria,IraqandLibya.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.BothKerryandPaoloGentiloniagreeduponthefollowingEXCEPT______.1.除了______，克里和保羅?真蒂洛尼都同意以下內容。

A.ContinuingtomonitorcloselythedevelopmentsinLibya.A.繼續密切關注利比亞局勢的發展。

B.BeingreadytosupporttheGovernmentofNationalAccordinestablishingpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.B.隨時準備支持為利比亞人民建立和平與安全的國家團結政府。

C.ImmediatemilitaryinterventioninLibya.C.立即對利比亞進行軍事干預。

D.ConcernoverthegrowinginfluenceofIslamicStateinLibya.D.對伊斯蘭國在利比亞日益增長的影響力的擔憂。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第四段“克里排除了美國在不久的將來對利比亞進行軍事干預的可能性。但他表示，如果事態出現某些轉折，比如大規模殺傷性武器最終落入錯誤的人手中，會改變這一立場。”，從中可知，C選項“立即對利比亞進行軍事干預”中的Immediate不符合原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“繼續密切關注利比亞局勢的發展”根據解題思路可知，克里和保羅?真蒂洛尼排除了美國在不久的將來對利比亞進行軍事干預的可能性，但是如果事態變化會改變立場，這說明他們將繼續關注利比亞的局勢發展，該項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“隨時準備支持為利比亞人民建立和平與安全的國家團結政府”定位至第三段第二句“他們誓言要繼續全國團結，為利比亞人民建立和平與安全的努力”，從中可知，B項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“對伊斯蘭國在利比亞日益增長的影響力的擔憂”定位至第三段第一句“在一份聯合聲明中，克里和意大利外長真蒂洛尼都對伊斯蘭國在利比亞日益增長的影響力表示擔憂”，從中可知，D項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?2.根據文章，下列哪個選項是錯誤的？

A.TheextremistsinLibyaareforcedtoabandontheirterritoryinSyriaandIraq.A.利比亞的極端分子被迫放棄了他們在敘利亞和伊拉克的領土。

B.AccordingtoKerry,thelastthingAmericawantsisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenueinLibya.B.根據克里的說法，美國最不希望看到的就是一個虛假的哈里發國，可以從利比亞獲得數十億美元的石油收入。

C.AunitedLibyangovernmenthasbeensuccessfullyestablished.C.一個統一的利比亞政府已經成功建立。

D.LongtimedictatorMoammarGaddafiwasoustedin2011.D.長期獨裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第五段的內容“自2011年卡扎菲被推翻以來，利比亞一直處于混亂狀態。隨后出現了兩個對立的政府，持續的沖突阻礙了建立一個統一的利比亞政府的努力。”，從中可知，C項“一個統一的利比亞政府已經成功建立”與原文不符，所以本題選C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“利比亞的極端分子被迫放棄了他們在敘利亞和伊拉克的領土”根據第一段“……打擊敘利亞和伊拉克伊斯蘭國的行動取得進展，正迫使極端分子放棄那里的領土……”可知，A項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“根據克里的說法，美國最不希望看到的就是一個虛假的哈里發國，可以從利比亞獲得數十億美元的石油收入”根據第二段第二句“在這個世界上，你最不希望看到的就是一個虛假的哈里發國，卻能獲得數十億美元的石油收入”可知，B項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“長期獨裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻”根據解題思路可知，該項符合原文，也屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhatdidKerryurgehisfellowforeignministerstodo?3.克里敦促其他外交部長做什么？

A.TopushIslamicStatefightersoutofapproximate40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraq.A.將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在伊拉克控制的大約40%的領土。

B.Todonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesdestroyedbyfleeingfighters.B.向一個穩定基金捐贈更多的錢，用于重建和恢復被逃跑的戰士摧毀的服務。

C.TodriveIslamicStatefightersoutofthelandtheyheldinSyriaandadheretotheceasefire.C.將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在敘利亞控制的土地，并遵守停火協議。

D.Tostopbombingoppositionfightersandgranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.D.停止轟炸反對派戰士，并允許人道主義援助進入被圍困的城鎮。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據題干定位至第七段最后一句“克里敦促各國外長向一個穩定基金捐贈更多資金，用于重建和恢復這些地區的服務”，可知，B選項“向一個穩定基金捐贈更多的錢，用于重建和恢復被逃跑的戰士摧毀的服務”與原文相符。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在伊拉克控制的大約40%的領土”定位至第六段第二句“成功（successin…）將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在伊拉克控制的約40%的領土，以及在敘利亞控制的20%至30%的領土……”，可知，A項是已經完成了，該項不符合題干，屬于曲解原文；

C選項“將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在敘利亞控制的土地，并遵守停火協議”中的“將伊斯蘭國武裝分子趕出他們在敘利亞控制的土地”同樣不符合題干，屬于曲解原文；

D選項“停止轟炸反對派戰士，并允許人道主義援助進入被圍困的城鎮”定位至第八段“……克里呼吁俄羅斯（KerrycalledonRussiato…）停止轟炸反對派武裝人員，并呼吁敘利亞政府允許人道主義救援進入被圍困的城鎮”，可知，“停止轟炸反對派戰士，并允許人道主義援助進入被圍困的城鎮”是克里呼吁俄羅斯去干的事情，而不是題干中的“其他外交部長”，所以該項屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.WhatdidtheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusetheoppositionof?4.敘利亞政府代表團對反對派有何指責？

A.Performinglikeamateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians.A.表現得像業余人士，而不是職業政客。

B.AcceleratingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurenearthecitiesofAleppoandHoms.B.阿勒頗和霍姆斯市附近醫院和關鍵基礎設施的襲擊加速。

C.Participatinginbombardmentsandsiegesofcivilianareas.C.參與轟炸和圍攻平民地區。

D.PreventingconflictsamongvariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverSyria,IraqandLibya.D.防止在敘利亞、伊拉克和利比亞使用攻擊機的各方之間發生沖突。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據題干定位至倒數第三段第一句“敘利亞政府代表團指責反對派的行為是‘業余的，不是專業的政治家’”，從中可知，A選項“表現得像業余人士，而不是職業政客”符合原文，故A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“阿勒頗和霍姆斯市附近醫院和關鍵基礎設施的襲擊加速”是敘利亞反對派的一則聲明，并不是敘利亞政府的指責內容，該項屬于張冠李戴；

C選項“參與轟炸和圍攻平民地區”也是反對派在一項聯合國決議中達成的談判規則的要求，該項屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“防止在敘利亞、伊拉克和利比亞使用攻擊機的各方之間發生沖突”是俄羅斯外長的發言，該項也屬于張冠李戴。

6.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

問題1選項

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

問題2選項

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

問題3選項

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

問題4選項

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

問題5選項

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一句指出了趨勢:Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科學論文上發表論文的作者的平均數量急劇上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，這也是因為美國政府機構已經開始推動‘團隊科學’)。由此可知，C項“更多的是團隊合作的產物”正確。

2.細節事實題。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，當論文出現問題的時候，這些長名單會導致更嚴重的問題)。由此可知，多個作者共同執筆，很難找出負責人，故選A項。

3.細節事實題。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(當涉及作者的任命和晉升時，著作權就發揮作用了)，因此B項“涉及作者的任命和晉升”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段給出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(畢竟，如果要根據個人的貢獻對個人做出高質量的判斷，那么法官們就能更清楚知道他們做了什么。但是，如果對整個工作的有效性產生疑問，無論是作為對其行為的挑戰，還是作為對其在該領域影響的評估，一個團隊就是一個團隊，成員們應該共同承擔責任)，因此A項“評判是針對論文本身還是其作者”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出現象:科學論文上發表論文的作者的平均數量急劇上升，然后指出此現象帶來的社會問題，最后提供了解決辦法。因此，D項“多個作者，多個問題”最適合做文章標題。

7.單選題

（）andhardworkarethecornerstonesofthiscompany.

問題1選項

A.Mutilation

B.Innovation

C.Empire

D.Strength

【答案】B

【解析】語義題。句中and連接空格跟hardwork,因此B項innovation(創新，革新)正確。

8.單選題

Oneofthemajorpleasures（1）lifeisappetite,andoneofourmajordutiesshouldbeto（2）it.Appetiteisthe（3）ofliving:itisoneofthe（4）thattellsyouthatyouarestillcurioustoexist,thatyoustillhaveanedgeonyourlongingsandwanttobiteintotheworldandtasteitsmultitudinous（5）andjuices.（6）appetite,ofcourse,Idon’tmeanjustthedesireforfood,butanyconditionof（7）desire,anyburninginthebloodthatprovesyouwantmorethanyou’vegot,andthatyouhaven’tyet（8）yourlife.Wildesaidhefeltsorryforthosewhonevergottheirheart’sdesire,butsorrier（9）forthosewhodid.Igotmineonceonly,anditnearlykilledme,andI’vealwayspreferredwanting（10）since.

Forappetite,forme,isthisstateofwanting,whichkeepsone’s（11）alive.Irememberlearningthislessonlongagoasachild,whentreatsandorgieswere（12）,andwhenIdiscoveredthatthe（13）pitchofhappinesswasnotinactuallyeatingatoffee,butin（14）itbeforehand.True,thefirstbitewasdelicious,（15）oncethetoffeewasgoneonewasleftwithnothing,neithertoffeenorlust.

So,forme,oneofthekeenest（16）ofappetiteremainsinthewanting,notthesatisfaction.Inthiscondition,ofcourse,Iknowthattheobjectofdesireisalwaysatitsmostflawlessly（17）,whichiswhyIwouldcarrythepreservationofappetite（18）ofdeliberatefasting,simplybecauseIthinkthatappetiteis（19）tolose,tooprecioustobebludgeoned（20）insensibilitybysatiationandover-doingit.

問題1選項

A.for

B.to

C.in

D.with

問題2選項

A.preserve

B.deserve

C.reserve

D.serve

問題3選項

A.wanting

B.interest

C.keenness

D.wishes

問題4選項

A.touches

B.hopes

C.senses

D.expectations

問題5選項

A.dishes

B.meals

C.smells

D.flavors

問題6選項

A.By

B.With

C.Through

D.Of

問題7選項

A.dissatisfied

B.unsatisfied

C.dissatisfying

D.unsatisfying

問題8選項

A.usedup

B.usedall

C.usedover

D.finished

問題9選項

A.more

B.thesame

C.even

D.still

問題10選項

A.tohaving

B.thanhaving

C.insteadofhaving

D.butnothaving

問題11選項

A.wanting

B.desiring

C.curiosity

D.expectation

問題12選項

A.popular

B.many

C.few

D.afew

問題13選項

A.biggest

B.greatest

C.most

D.largest

問題14選項

A.tasting

B.imagining

C.biting

D.gazingat

問題15選項

A.but

B.however

C.and

D.for

問題16選項

A.happiness

B.delights

C.pleasures

D.well-being

問題17選項

A.good

B.best

C.perfect

D.most

問題18選項

A.atadegree

B.toanextent

C.tosomeextent

D.totheextent

問題19選項

A.toogood

B.sogood

C.toohard

D.tooeasy

問題20選項

A.for

B.into

C.in

D.to

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C