書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三門峽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedbyvariousprominentmembersoftheidealcommunityandrepresentativesofregionalindustries.

問題1選項

A.congested

B.projecting

C.conspicuous

D.outstanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞prominent意為“突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的”；A選項“congested”意為“堵塞的，擁擠的”；B選項“projecting”意為“突出來的；伸出的”；C選項“conspicuous”意為“顯著的；顯而易見的”；D選項“outstanding”意為“杰出的；顯著的；未解決的；未償付的”。句意：出席招待會的有理想社區(qū)的杰出人士和區(qū)域行業(yè)代表。由題干可知，and是并列連詞，and前后意思相近。所以可推測出prominentmembers與representatives（代表）意思相近。由此可知，prominent在此處最可能是“杰出的，卓越的”的意思，四個選項中outstanding具有“杰出的”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

縱觀國際國內(nèi)大勢，我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期內(nèi)涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，贏得主動，贏得優(yōu)勢，贏得未來，確保到2020年實現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)成小康社會的宏偉目標(biāo)。

【答案】AnexaminationofboththecurrentinternationalanddomesticenvironmentsshowsthatChinaremainsinanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuchcanbeachieved.Weneedtohaveacorrectunderstandingofthechangingnatureandconditionsofthisperiod,seizeallopportunities,respondwithcool-headednesstochallenges,andgaininitiativeandadvantagestowinthefutureandattainthegoalofcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020.

3.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問題1選項

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問題2選項

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問題3選項

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問題4選項

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

問題5選項

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我們的英雄是運動員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實用教育的地方，而不是為了知識而追求知識）可知父母會希望孩子們在學(xué)校接受實用教育，選C選項“未來職業(yè)的實踐能力”，同時可知D選項“對知識追求的信心”錯誤；A選項“獨立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項“對世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C選項正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（歷史學(xué)家兼教授理查德?霍夫施塔特在《美國生活中的反智主義》一書中寫道：“知識分子被視為一種權(quán)力或特權(quán)而遭人憎恨?！边@本曾獲普利策獎的書探討了美國政治、宗教和教育中的反智主義的根源）可推測出歷史上美國人有反智主義，選A選項“低估智力”，同時可知B選項“傾向于理智主義”錯誤；C選項“支持學(xué)校改革”未提及；D選項“抑制天生的智力”屬于過度推測。因此A選項正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段RichardHofstadter的觀點，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實用性、常識和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)）可以推測反智主義的教育體現(xiàn)為“讀書無用論”；根據(jù)第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch說：“學(xué)校一直處于一個實踐比知識更重要的社會中?！保㏑avitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新書《落后：一個世紀(jì)的失敗學(xué)校改革》追溯了學(xué)校中反智主義的根源，書中的結(jié)論是：美國學(xué)校絕沒有對美國人厭惡才學(xué)進(jìn)行抵制）可以推測出Ravitch并不屬于反智主義，她不認(rèn)為讀書無用，而是覺得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（學(xué)校可以成為一種平衡）；根據(jù)第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（愛默生和其他一些超自然主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和高強度的書本學(xué)習(xí)會使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判斷出Emerson支持讀書無用論，即為反智主義。由此可知他倆的觀點相反；A選項“相同”；B選項“相似”；C選項“互補”；D選項“相反”，其余三項和原文表達(dá)的觀點不符，因此D選項正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（愛默生和其他一些超自然主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和高強度的書本學(xué)習(xí)會使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判斷出Emerson支持讀書無用論，即為反智主義，選B選項“理性主義的反對者”，同時可知C選項“一個支持智力的學(xué)者”錯誤；A選項“教育改革的先驅(qū)”和D選項“常規(guī)學(xué)校教育的倡導(dǎo)者”和原文無關(guān)。因此B選項正確。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實用教育的地方——而不是為了知識而追求知識）可以推斷出作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校只是送孩子去接受實用教育的地方，而不是去為了知識而追求它的地方，側(cè)面表達(dá)了作者認(rèn)為知識是應(yīng)該需要去追求的，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根據(jù)霍夫施塔特的說法，才學(xué)不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一種我們勉強欣賞的品質(zhì)。才學(xué)是頭腦中批判、創(chuàng)造和沉思的一面。智力尋求掌握、操縱、重新安排和調(diào)整，而才學(xué)則檢查、思考、創(chuàng)造奇跡、推理、批評和想象。）可知作者認(rèn)為智力是天生的，但是才學(xué)是可以通過檢查、思考、創(chuàng)造奇跡、推理、批評和想象這一系列所追求到，并沒有提到才學(xué)僅次于智力，選C選項“它需要被追求”，同時可知A選項“它僅次于智力”錯誤；B選項“它從常識演變而來”和D選項“它是力量的基礎(chǔ)”不符合原文，排除。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Theyarealsocontactingthemilitarytoaidinthe______ofthecallingcardsandcellphones.

問題1選項

A.attribution

B.distribution

C.contribution

D.tuition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項attribution“歸因，屬性”，B項distribution“分布，分配”，C項contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”，D項tuition“學(xué)費，講授”。根據(jù)句子意思“他們還聯(lián)系了軍方，幫助……電話卡和手機”可知，A、D選項不符合語境；inthedistributionof表示“在……方面分配/分發(fā)”符合句子語義。句意：他們還與軍方聯(lián)系，幫助分發(fā)電話卡和手機。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

問題2選項

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題3選項

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題4選項

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

問題5選項

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開頭介紹了“復(fù)興”一詞的來源及興起。第二段寫文藝復(fù)興影響人們音樂思考和音樂創(chuàng)作的方式。第三段寫這一時期的音樂風(fēng)格多變，很難定義為單一的音樂類型。C項對文意的概括比較全面，所以C項正確。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（對于這些學(xué)者而言，文藝復(fù)興意味著對人類價值而非精神方面的回歸）。C項“重視人類價值觀的主張”符合原文意思。

3.B項“僅僅描述人生經(jīng)歷中快樂的部分”不是藝術(shù)家和作家的目的，故選B。

4.“disseminated”出現(xiàn)在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（這些觀點的改變深深地影響了文藝復(fù)興時期的音樂文化——人們思考音樂的方式以及音樂的創(chuàng)作、體驗、爭議和）。所以，C項spread“傳播”正確。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世紀(jì)半葉，音樂變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國家以不同的速度變化，但我們無法定義一種文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D項“音樂無法長時間的保持一種形式”正確。

6.單選題

Governmentsallaroundtheworldhaveincreasedtheirfocus（1）meansoffightingterrorismandwaysofpreventingnaturaldisasters,anditisinthiscontext（2）“theInternationalEmergencyManagementConference”hasavitalroleto（3）.Asaninternationalconferencewiththepurposeofbringingtogetheranumberof（4）groups,whoareallinvolvedinemergencymanagement,（5）isessentialtoexchangeinformationifwewanttoimproveourabilityandunderstandingofthisimportantwork.Eventhoughsomecountriesaresmalland（6）isolated,theyare（7）exemptfromterrorismornaturaldisasters.Muchhasbeenachieved,butthereisalwaysmorethatremainsto（8）andaconferencelikethis,（9）knowledgeandinformationisshared,（10）centralinthepursuitforabetterunderstandingofthiswholearea.

問題1選項

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.to

問題2選項

A.that

B.why

C.where

D.when

問題3選項

A.give

B.act

C.make

D.play

問題4選項

A.interest

B.interested

C.interests

D.interesting

問題5選項

A.it

B.which

C.that

D.this

問題6選項

A.geophysically

B.geotropically

C.geometrically

D.geographically

問題7選項

A.anyway

B.bytheway

C.innoway

D.intheway

問題8選項

A.doing

B.bedone

C.bedoing

D.havedone

問題9選項

A.which

B.whom

C.where

D.what20.

問題10選項

A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查習(xí)慣搭配。Focuson“專注于”。結(jié)合此處語義，C為正確答案。

2.【試題解析】考查語法。由空格所在這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的判斷出此處考查強調(diào)句：itis...that...。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】考查固定短語。playavitalrole“起重要作用”。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

4.【試題解析】考查語法?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ修飾groups，結(jié)合語境，B為正確答案。interested“感興趣的；有利害關(guān)系的”。

5.【試題解析】考查語法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，本句話真正的主語為toexchangeinformation，空格處作形式主語，故選A。

6.【試題解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項geophysically“地球物理學(xué)地”；B選項geotropically“屈地性地”；C選項geometrically“幾何學(xué)上地”；D選項geographically“在地理上；地理學(xué)上”。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項anyway“以任何方式”；B選項bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下；在途中”；C選項innoway“決不”；D選項intheway“妨礙；擋道”。根據(jù)句意，C選項正確。

8.【試題解析】考查語法。綜合考慮，空格處和to構(gòu)成動詞不定式表將來，本句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語和表語為被動關(guān)系，因此B為正確答案。本句句意為：……但是總是有更多問題有待處理。

9.【試題解析】考查語法。結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處為非限定性定語從句，需要一個關(guān)鍵詞引導(dǎo)，作為狀語修飾關(guān)鍵詞conference，因此C為正確答案。

10.【試題解析】考查主謂一致。主語aconference為單數(shù)，句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故B為正確答案。

7.單選題

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管體育運動在Joe的家庭中占主導(dǎo)地位，但是當(dāng)這些運動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運動。

考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，受打擊，覆蓋；affect影響，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影響。根據(jù)后半句句意“當(dāng)這些運動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時，他會放棄體育運動”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，C符合句意。

8.單選題

Theboywasso（

）inthegamethathedidn’tnoticehermotherstandingbehindhim.

問題1選項

A.attracted

B.suffocated

C.immersed

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項attracted“被吸引的”；B選項suffocated“感到壓制；感到束縛”；C選項immersed“專心于，沉浸在”；D選項submerged“浸沒在水下的”。填入形容詞做表語，由so...that...句型中that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句的信息可知immersed(in)“專心于，沉浸在”符合題意，句意為：這個男孩專心看比賽，沒有注意到她的母親站在他身后。故答案選C。

9.不定項選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個特點將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個特點展開，由此可知B選項“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項“哪位早期的爵士樂手對節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談?wù)摵芏鄻肥?；C選項“為什么美國的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項“什么樂器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂隊”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項正確。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個性的主要機會。A選項“在表演時創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項“準(zhǔn)備音樂改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對。因此A選項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂隊也有獨唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團(tuán)和嘉年華樂隊通常也會有一兩個這樣的“get-off”音樂家。”可知，“get-off”音樂家的功能是獨唱。A選項“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項“教新音樂的舞蹈動作”，文中只提到獨唱并沒有說舞蹈動作；C選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂隊”與原文不符；D選項“在樂隊或管弦樂隊中提供獨奏表演”與原文提到的獨唱特色相對應(yīng)。因此D選項正確。

第4題:詞義推測題。由unadorned這個詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項“可愛的”意思不同；B選項“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項“紊亂的”錯誤；D選項“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個特點將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個特點展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個特點展開的。A選項“把討論分成兩個主要部分”符合題意；B選項“提出相反的觀點”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點，B錯誤；C選項“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Themostpressingproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.

問題1選項

A.urgent

B.difficult

C.terrifying

D.puzzling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項urgent“緊急的，急迫的”；B選項difficult“困難的”；C選項terrifying“令人恐懼的”；D選項puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何經(jīng)濟體系面臨的最緊迫的問題是如何利用其稀缺的資源。句中劃線詞的定義是“緊迫的”，與A選項最為接近，因此A選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Whereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath’sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe2lstcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?

Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasing,butthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn’tprevent.

Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.

ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases.“Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15%-30%maximum,”saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal’'sbehaviorfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal’sbehaviorswitchesback.

Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa“l(fā)ittlebitsilly”atthemomentbutdoesn’tdi