TextAnalysis

ResourcesLead-inActivitiesLearningaboutgenderstereotypeLearningtoevaluatethetextbyleitmotifActivereading2:MappingAdamandEveLead-inactivitiesApoemSexisminlanguageSexismintheworkplaceGenderstereotypeWhatisstereotype?Stereotypesaregeneralizations,orassumptions,thatpeoplemakeaboutthecharacteristicsofallmembersofagroup,basedonanimage(oftenwrong)aboutwhatpeopleinthatgrouparelike.Stereotype:刻板印象。即是相關一團體特征正面或負面信念.任何共享一項含有社會意義之特征社會團體都會成為偏見目標.在社會中經常將種族,宗教,年紀,性別,社會地位和文化背景等,作為劃分依據.人們劃歸為團體組員是因為他們共享了含有社會意涵特征

GenderstereotypeMoreGender

stereotypeActivereading2:

EmbarkationInsidetheboxwriteyourpresumptionsaboutwhatidealhusbandsorwivesarelike.

Idealhusband

Idealwife1.tough2.capable3.reliable1.caring2.patient3.faithful

Apoem

ReadapoemwrittenbyAlfredTennyson.DiscusswhetheryouagreewithitandthentranslateitintoChinese.Manforthefieldandwomanforthehearth.Manfortheswordandfortheneedleshe.Manwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheart.Mantocommandandwomantoobey.

----AlfredTennysonclickApoemActivereading2:

Embarkation1.男耕女織，男武女文， 男剛女柔，男尊女卑。2.男人耕作女持家；男上戰場女紡紗。 男人冷靜女優柔；男施命令女聽話。3.男人主外女主內，男人舞劍女縫衣， 男人理智女多情，男人吆喝女相隨。4.男持外，女主內， 男打仗，女制衣。 男有腦，女有心， 男發令，女執行。MoreApoemActivereading2:

Embarkation5.男人是大地主宰，女人是家庭皇帝， 男人用利劍打天下，女人用利針守家門， 男人用腦征服女人，女人專心征服男人， 男人慣于命令女人，女人習慣服從男人。

Thesebeliefsaresoingrainedinourconsciousnessthatmanyofusthinkthatgenderrolesarenatural,sowedon’tquestionthem.Evenifwedon’tconsciouslysubscribetothemaspartofourownbeliefsystem,ourculturebombardsuswithmessagesaboutwhatitmeanstobemenandwomentoday.SexisminlanguageActivereading2:

Embarkation

WorkingroupstocollectexamplestoshowsexisminEnglishandChineselanguage.clickExampleActlikeaman!Thissentenceimpliesthatmenshouldnotcryandshouldbebraveandlooktough.SexisminlanguageWomenarefragile.Eg:Frailty,thynameiswomen. Womanismadetoweep. Womanismadeofglass.

More

Womenarechangeable.

Eg:Women,windandfortuneareever changing.

Ifmenknewallthatwomenthink,they’dbetwentytimesmoredaring.

女人心海底針。 女大十八變。Womenareignorant.Eg:Longhairandshortwit.

頭發長，見識短。

女子無才便是德。 婦人之見。 男子漢不一樣婦人普通見識。Sexisminlanguage

Womenareevil.Eg:

天下最毒婦人心.

唯女子小人難養.

紅顏禍水. It’stimehemadeanhonestwomanoutofyou. Chinesecharactersdenotingnegativequalitiesthatcontainthefemaleradical女,suchas奸,嫉etc. MoreWomenaretalkative.Eg:

Onetongueisenoughforawoman.

Womenwillhavethelastword.

長舌婦。 三個女人一臺戲。一個女人500只鴨子Menareintelligentandcapable.Eg:Menarenaturalleaders;womenarenot. Womenarenaturalcarers;menarenot. He’shisownman. He’samanoftheworld.

男兒當自強。MoreSexisminlanguage（2）

EnglishandHanlanguagearemale-centered,biasedinfavorofmen,derogatorytowardswomen.1.Apersonofunknownsexisreferredtoashe,notshe;Eg:Hewholaughslastlaughsbest. Everyonemustdohishomeworkwell.2.Man,andmencanbeusedgenericallytorefertobothmaleandfemale.Eg:

Manproposes,Goddisposes.謀事在人，成事在天 chairman/MadameChairman,policeman3.Somewordsindicatingfemale’sprofession,arecreatedbyaddingaprefix/suffixorbycombiningthemwithawordreferringtofemale.Eg:waitress/heroine/womandoctor/ladylawyerSexismintheworkplaceActivereading2:

Embarkation

Makealistoftheproblemsfacedbywomenwhosharethesameworkplaceasmen.clickThinkabout:jobopportunitiescontractsandpaypossibilitiesforpromotionSexismintheworkplace1.Judgedintheworkplaceonthebasisoftheirlooks2.Lesspaidthanmalesholdingthesamejob3.Difficulttogetpromotion:glassceiling4.Sexualharassment

clickAnyMore?UKSomestatisticsestimatethatabout72%ofwomenworkershaveexperiencedsexistbullyingatwork,while85%ofwomenworkersbelievethatthereisabiastowardsmalesintheirworkplaces.USAwomenmayaccountforonly25percentoftheupper-levelmanagersinlargecorporations.Andalthoughhalfoftheemployeesinthelargest,mostprestigiousfirmsaroundtheUnitedStatesmaybewomen,perhapsasfewas5percentorlessactuallyholdseniorpositions.InGeneralIngeneral,womenareunder-representedinthehigher-status,higher-payingoccupations,suchaslaw,engineering,politicarenaandmedicine.Incontrast,womenareover-representedinthelower-payingoccupations,suchasschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.“Glassceiling”isthesituationwhereawomanissuccessfulinacompany,butthenshehitstheglassceiling–thisinvisiblebarrierwhichstopshergoinganyhigherinhercareer.“Glass”ismetaphorical.Glassistransparentandsometimesinvisible,butitisthere.AdamandEve1.

Howwasthemanmade?

Hewasmadefromthedustoftheground.

2.Whywasthewomancreatedandwhywasshecalledwoman?

Ahelpersuitablefortheman. Shewasmadeoutofaribtakenoutoftheman.

Listenandanswerthequestions.Script

AfterAdamandEveweredeceivedbytheserpentintoeatingthefruitoftheforbiddentree,theywerepunishedbytheLordGod.Continuelistening.clickAdamandEveActivereading2:

EmbarkationBackAdamandEveActivereading2:

Embarkation

Tothewomanhesaid,“Iwillgreatly________yourpaininchildbirth.Inpainyouwillbringforthchildren.Your_______willbeforyourhusband,andhewill_____overyou.”ToAdamhesaid,“Becauseyouhavelistenedtoyourwife’svoice,andhaveeatenofthetree,ofwhichI______________you,saying,'Youshallnoteatofit,'cursedisthe________foryoursake.In______youwilleatofitallthedaysofyourlife.Thornsalsoandthistleswillitbringforthtoyou;andyouwilleattheherbofthefield.Bythe_____ofyourfacewillyoueatbreaduntilyoureturntotheground,foroutofityouweretaken.Foryouare______,andtodustyoushallreturn.”

Listenandcompletethesentences.multiplydesiregroundtoilsweatdustcommandedruleTextorganisationUnderstandingleitmotifTextAnalysis

Sentencesandwords

AnoverviewofthetopicMarked:Womenin

theworkplaceDetails:MarkedwomenclickclickTextOrganisation03Definitionofthetermmarkedthewaylanguagealtersthebasemeaningofawordbyaddingsth.

Differencesbetweena“marked”andan“unmarked”wordinmeaningextrameaningVSnospecialmeaning

TheoptionofmeninbeingunmarkedClothes:brownorblueslacks& standard-styleshirtsoflightcolorsShoes:dark,closed,comfortable&flatNomake-up23Back1clothesflat-lacedspikeheelscomfortableshoesspike

heelsattractivehairstyle

no

particularnotcarehowshelookssurnameheavyattractive

lightattractivewithoutbeingalluringnomake-up

hostilerefusalclicktitlesclickclickmake-upmarkedwomanclotheswanttobeattractivesingletight/

revealingspikeheelscouldhavebeensexynotsexyauthorityunderminedbuttoned

lowavoidsthbrightcolorsattractiveBackcolournobright

titlesspikeheels

MissDoctor

uppityBack

Mrs.

MsmarriedConserva-tiveunmarried

Conserva-tiveunwillingto

letonabout

marriageliberatedrebelliousover-achieverTextOrganisationsurnamesspikeheelshersurname+husband’sBacktakeherhusband’ssurnamekeep

herownsurnamemarriedtraditionallessherselfmodernliberatedwishtokeep

herownidentitymarriedmiseryfor

othersmixedfeelingActivereading2:NavigationUnderstandingleitmotif

anideaorathemewhichisexploited throughoutapassagethekeytounderstandingthewholepassagetheideawhichisreferredtomostfrequentlyleitmotifthethirdword

inthe1stsentencethekeyword

inthetitlethefinalword

inthepassageleitmotif:

markednessabout30times

inthepassageMoreActivereading2:NavigationFromwhichfieldhasthewriterborrowedthetermmarked?Iborroweditfromlinguistics.BackUnderstandingleitmotifThewriter:

DeborahTannen2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweena“marked”andan“unmarked”word?“unmarked”wordnormalcommon

positive

“marked”wordneutralnoticeableusedinaparticularwayhaveaspecialmeaningnegativeBack3.Whatisthedifferencebetweena“marked”andan“unmarked”appearanceintheworkplace?

normalneutralcommon

differentparticularnoticeableunmarkedunlikelytobecommentedmarkedYourTextlikelytobecommentedBackitwouldbeacontrasttoallthosewithanunmarkedappearance.because4.Whyisnomake-up“marked”forwomen?manyormostwomenwearsomemake-up.becauseAwomanwearingnomake-upinacontextwhereitisexpectedthatmake-upwouldbewornnoticeablydifferentitis“marked”.soisBack5.Howoftendomenwear“marked”clothesintheworkplace?cowboyshirtanecklacedhippieinjeansNotoftenorrarelyBack6.Whatistheconnectionbetween“marked”and“sexy”?unmarked

(amongwomen)noticeableand“marked”

(andinappropriate)attractive&

smartclothessexyclothesunmarkedsexyclothessmartly&

conservatively

“marked”

Back7.Whyarewomen’stitles(Mrs,MissandMs)allmarked?Missmarriedbutperhapsconservativeortraditionalunmarriedbutperhapstraditionalunwillingtogiveinformationaboutbeingmarried;moremodern,liberated,rebelliousorfeministBack8.Inwhatsensearewomen’ssurnamesmarked?Backtaketheirhusband’ssurnameastheirmarriedsurnameusetheiroriginalsurnamefromtheirownfamily

USmarriedwomantraditionalorwillingtoadoptherhusband’sidentitymodern,liberated,orwishtokeeptheirownidentityDifficultsentencesandWordsDifficult

sentence1(P7)Althoughnomanworemake-up,youcouldn’tsay…awomandidn’twearmake-up.Explainwhy?Ifawomandidn’twearmake-upattheconference,itmeanssomethingparticularbecauseitseemscommonornormalthatwomenshouldwearmake-upforsuchaformaloccasion.Butwecouldn’tsaythatthemendidn’twearmake-upwiththesamemeaning,becausepeopledon’texpectthemtowearanyataconferenceinthefirstplace.click即使男人不化裝，但男人不化裝含義和女人不化裝含義卻大不相同。clickBackDifficult

sentences3.…butalsoapossiblyunintendedoneofavailability…thattheycouldhavebeen.(Para11)Activereading2:ResourcesWhatmessagedoesthewomansendunintentionally?

Sheissingle.clickTranslatethesentence.但與此同時，她也在無意間表露了自己是單身、想找男友意思。假如她衣服不性感，那也傳達了另一個信息：即讓人知道她原來能夠穿得更性感。clickWhatdoestheyreferto?Whatcouldtheyhavebeen?

Theyrefertoherclothes.Herclothescouldhavebeensexy.clickBackDifficult

sentences4.Isometimestrytoduckthesevariously…(hencereactionsofcongratulatorysurprise,like“Goodforyou!”).(Para14)Whatimpressiondoesshegivebygivinghertitleas“Dr.”?

Activereading2:ResourcesMoreSheismoreimportantthanotherpeople,orsheisanover-achiever,whotriesextremelyhardtobesuccessful.clickTranslatethesentence.我有時會選擇“博士”頭銜，以避開這幾個帶標識稱謂選項。但這么做又會給自己帶來風險，標明自己要么驕傲自大（于是乎招來譏諷反應，比如“對不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一個結果欲過強人（那么對方反應就是祝賀式驚奇，比如“你真行！”）。clickBackThepeoplenowrecognizesthehighstatusof“doctor”withamockapology,meaning“I’msorry,Ididn’trealizewhoyouwerebecauseIamonlyanordinaryperson!”Whydopeoplereplywith“Excuseme!”?

Difficult

sentence4Amarriedwomanwhowantstohavehercakeandeatittoomayusehersurnameplushis.(Para16)

Whatdoestohaveone’scakeandeatittoomean?Tohaveyourcakeandeatitisaproverbwhichmeans“tohaveallthebenefitsofasituationwhennormallyifyouhaveonething(thecake)youcannothavetheother(eatthecake)”.clickBackDifficult

sentences5（P16)Butthistooannouncesthatsheisorhasbeenmarried…whoneedstoalphabetizeit.Paraphrasethesentence.Itmeansthatthenameismuchlongerandmorecomplicatedthanusual,whichcanseemlike“atongue-tyingstring”:astringofwordsthataredifficulttosay,likeatonguetwisterwhichtiesyourtongueinknots.Suchatonguetwisterisverydifficultforpeoplewhoneedtoputthenameinalistwithalphabeticalorderbecausetheydon’tknowwhichofthelasttwonamestouse.clickBack但這也一樣表明她已經結婚，而且還經常會造成一串長得叫人說不清名字，而當必須按字母次序排列姓名時，也會讓人倍感無奈。Translatethesentence.

Usefulexpressions

1.基本含義1.basemeaningActivereading2:ResourcesMore2.復數標識2.pluralmarking3.被提名奧斯卡最正確女配角獎演員3.anOscarnomineeforBestSupportingActress4.性別標識4.gendermarkers5.帶碟形領結牛仔襯衫5.acowboyshirtwithstringtie6.三件套西服6.athreepiecesuit7.帶項鏈穿牛仔褲嬉皮士裝7.anecklacedhippieinjeans8.標準淺色襯衫8.standard-styleshirtsoflightcolors9.···數量多得驚人9.Therangeof…isstaggering10.平跟系帶鞋10.flatlacedshoes Useful

expressions

11.細高跟鞋11.spikeheelsActivereading2:Resources14.襯衣領口開得低.14.Theblouseisbuttonedlow.12.緊身衣或坦胸露背衣服12.tightorrevealingclothes13.無意間犯了一個錯誤13.slipintoafaultline15.失去權威16.heavy/lightmake-up16.濃/淡妝17.attractivewithoutbeingalluring17.既俏麗又不妖媚18.getincreasedattention18.吸引了…更多注意15.undermineone’sauthority19.sarcasticresponses19.譏諷反應20.belessherself20.自我意識較弱21.tohaveone’scakeandeatittoo21.兩全其美22.一串長得叫人說不清名字22.atongue-tyingstringEnglishtoChineseTranslatetheparagraphintoChinese.

womencan’tevenfilloutaformwithouttellingstoriesaboutthemselves.Mostapplicationformsnowgivefourchoicesfortitles.Menhaveonetochoose-“Mr.”-sotheirchoicecarriesnomeaningotherthantosaytheyaremale.Butwomenmustchooseamongthree,eachofthemmarked.Awomanwhocheckstheboxfor“Mrs.”or“Miss”communicatesnotonlywhethershehasbeenmarriedbutalsothatshehasconservativetastesinformsofaddress,andprobablyotherconservativevaluesaswell.Checking“Ms.”declinestoletonaboutmarriage(whereas“Mr.”declinesnothingsincenothingwasasked),butitalsomarksthewomanwhochecksitonherformaseitherliberatedorrebellious,dependingontheattitudesandassumptionsoftheonemakingthejudgment.

Isometimestrytoduckthesevariouslymarkedchoicesbygivingmytitleas“Dr.”-andtherebyriskmarkingmyselfaseitheruppity(hencesarcasticresponseslike“Excuseme!”)oranover-achiever(hencereactionsofcongratulatorysurprise,like“Goodforyou!”).clickActivereading2:ResourcesEnglishtoChinese

womencan’tevenfilloutaformwithouttellingstoriesaboutthemselves.Mostapplicationformsnowgivefourchoicesfortitles.Menhaveonetochoose-“Mr.”-sotheirchoicecarriesnomeaningotherthantosaytheyaremale.Butwomenmustchooseamongthree,eachofthemmarked.Awomanwhocheckstheboxfor“Mrs.”or“Miss”communicatesnotonlywhethershehasbeenmarriedbutalsothatshehasconservativetastesinformsofaddress,andprobablyotherconservativevaluesaswell.

女人一填表就會暴露自己個人經歷。現在大多數申請表會給出四種稱謂選擇。男人只有一個選擇，即“先生”（Mr.)，這除了表明他們是男性之外沒有其它任何含義。女人則必須從三種稱謂中選一個，而任何一個都是標識性。

假如一位女士勾選了“太太”（Mrs.)或者“小姐”（Miss)稱謂，那么他不但暴露了自己婚姻情況，而且還表明她在稱謂方面很保守，或許在其它價值觀念方面也很保守。MoreActivereading2:ResourcesEnglishtoChinese

Checking“Ms.”declinestoletonaboutmarriage(whereas“Mr.”declinesnothingsincenothingwasasked),butitalsomarksthewomanwhochecksitonherformaseitherliberatedorrebellious,dependingontheattitudesandassumptionsoftheonemakingthejudgment.

假如她選擇“女士”（Ms.)這一稱謂，那么說明她拒絕透露自己婚姻情況（而男士選“先生”這個稱謂時則沒有有意隱瞞任何事情，因為原來就沒有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中候選“女士”這一稱謂人會被標識為思想解放人或叛逆者，這就要看評判她人持什么樣態度和看法了。BackActivereading2:ResourcesEnglishtoChinese

Isometimestrytoduckthesevariouslymarkedchoicesbygivingmytitleas“Dr.”-andtherebyriskmarkingmyselfaseitheruppity(hencesarcasticresponseslike“Excuseme!”)oranover-achiever(hencereactionsofcongratulatorysurprise,like“Goodforyou!”).

我有時會選擇“博士”頭銜，以避開這幾個帶標識稱謂選項。但這么做又會給自己帶來風險，表明自己要么驕傲自大（于是乎招來譏諷反應，比如“對不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一個成功欲過強人（那么對方反應就是祝賀式驚奇，比如“你真行！”).BackActivereading2:ResourcesChinesetoEnglish

TranslatetheparagraphsintoEnglish.

我們對理想丈夫或妻子假設顯示出我們性別期待以及我們對性別期待反應。假如大多多