住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)(be)attachedto“附屬于；系于”；B選項(xiàng)(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C選項(xiàng)(be)filledwith“充滿”；D選項(xiàng)(be)associatedwith“與……有關(guān)”。句意：應(yīng)注意縮短人們……連續(xù)噪音的時(shí)間。從句中的主語(yǔ)是one“人”，賓語(yǔ)是loudcontinuousnoise“響亮不間斷的噪音”。人對(duì)噪音是難以忍受的，所以需要縮短人們承受噪音的時(shí)間。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Througheffortsbyseveralenvironmentalsocieties,theAmericanbuffaloisnolongerindangerofbecomingan（）species.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinct

B.mistinct

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instinct“本能；直覺(jué)”；B選項(xiàng)mistinct沒(méi)有此類詞匯的意思；C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；獨(dú)特的”；D選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的；熄滅的”。句意：通過(guò)多個(gè)環(huán)保組織的努力，美國(guó)的水牛不再處于變成……物種的危險(xiǎn)中。施動(dòng)者是environmentalsocieties“環(huán)保社會(huì)”，承受者是Americanbuffalo“美國(guó)的水?！保Y(jié)果是美國(guó)水牛脫離了成為瀕臨滅絕的物種的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Youdon’thavetotakeallthecoursesifyouhavenointerestinthem.Theyare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.optical

C.elementary

D.critical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)optical“光學(xué)的；視覺(jué)的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“基本的；初級(jí)的”；D選項(xiàng)critical“至關(guān)重要的”。句意：如果你對(duì)這些課程不感興趣的話，那么你不必全部都上。它們是……。不必上所有的課程，因?yàn)樗鼈兪强梢赃x修的。故選A。

4.單選題

Hundredsofchickensareraisedinthe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposure

B.enclosure

C.closure

D.pressure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposure“暴露；曝光”；B選項(xiàng)enclosure“附件；圍墻”；C選項(xiàng)closure“關(guān)閉；終止”；D選項(xiàng)pressure“壓力；壓迫”。句意：……里養(yǎng)了數(shù)百只小雞。句中所說(shuō)的是圈養(yǎng)小雞，所以會(huì)需要一堵圍墻。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Allthepeoplepresentagreedthatshe’ddoneasuperbjobpromotingthenewproductandthatshe（）everywordofthepraisefromhercolleagues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.placed

B.presented

C.bestowed

D.deserved

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)placed“放置；任命”；B選項(xiàng)presented“提出；展現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)bestowed“賦予；授予”；D選項(xiàng)deserved“值得；應(yīng)得”。句意：所有在場(chǎng)的人都一致認(rèn)為她很出色地完成了營(yíng)銷新產(chǎn)品的工作，同事們對(duì)她的每一句贊美都是她……的。因?yàn)樗錾耐瓿闪斯ぷ?，她?yīng)該得到所有的贊美和榮譽(yù)。故D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Withprices（）somuch,it’shardtoplanabudget.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frustrating

B.fluctuating

C.overloading

D.overflowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)frustrating“挫?。皇咕趩省?；B選項(xiàng)fluctuating“波動(dòng)；起伏不定”；C選項(xiàng)overloading“超載”；D選項(xiàng)overflowing“溢出；擠滿”。句意：因?yàn)閮r(jià)格……太大，所以很難制定預(yù)算。開(kāi)頭使用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)表原因，故應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。價(jià)格一般都是易變的，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人類——神秘的巨人8.單選題

Allthedatasentbackfromthesatellitessuggestedthatanasteroidofaboutthesizeofanauditorium（）onitswaytoourplanet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.be

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用的一致性。that接在動(dòng)詞后面充當(dāng)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句使用的是一般過(guò)去式，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。因此空格處應(yīng)使用be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式was/were。從句中的主語(yǔ)是anasteroid“一顆小行星”為單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)使用was。句意：從衛(wèi)星發(fā)來(lái)的所有數(shù)據(jù)表明一顆像禮堂一樣大小的行星正在向我們的星球靠近。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance—’’Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlSherries;“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（）.

38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare（）.

39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apioneerofeducationreform

B.Anopponentofintellectualism

C.Ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.Anadvocateofregularschooling

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】36.推理判斷題。定位到第一段Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.（現(xiàn)今天的美國(guó)人并不是很重視智力。我們的英雄是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。）Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是為了獲取知識(shí)而追求學(xué)問(wèn)的。）由此可推論出美國(guó)的父母是希望他們的孩子能夠?qū)W習(xí)到一些實(shí)用的教育的。因此C選項(xiàng)“未來(lái)職業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際能力”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)世界的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)智力追求的自信”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均與實(shí)用教育無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

37.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的第一句Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.（現(xiàn)今天的美國(guó)人并不是重視智力。）和第二段的第一句Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識(shí)更重要的社會(huì)中）由此可推論出美國(guó)是不重視智力的，實(shí)用性遠(yuǎn)大于一切。因此A選項(xiàng)“低估智力”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于理智主義”錯(cuò)誤，第二段就說(shuō)到了美國(guó)看重實(shí)用性，會(huì)更傾向于實(shí)用主義。C選項(xiàng)“支持學(xué)校改革”在文中并未提及，可排除，D選項(xiàng)“壓抑天生的智慧”，定位到原文Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實(shí)用性、常識(shí)和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)。）由此可知，美國(guó)對(duì)于天生的智慧是認(rèn)可的，不可能會(huì)進(jìn)行壓制。因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在文章的第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識(shí)更重要的社會(huì)中，教育作家黛安?拉維奇說(shuō)。）Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無(wú)法抵消。）可以知道Ravitch對(duì)美國(guó)學(xué)校低估智力崇尚實(shí)用是不贊成的。而文章的第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛(ài)默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)約束了孩子的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來(lái)時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┱f(shuō)明Emerson對(duì)學(xué)校的教育是不看好的，會(huì)更傾向于學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)用性。由此可知這兩人的對(duì)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的。因此D選項(xiàng)“相反的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“完全一樣的”，B選項(xiàng)“類似的”，C選項(xiàng)“互補(bǔ)的”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

39.推理判斷題。定位到原文RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛(ài)默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來(lái)時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┯纱丝梢訣merson對(duì)智慧的培養(yǎng)是不贊同的。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理智主義的反對(duì)者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“一位教育改革的先驅(qū)”，C選項(xiàng)“一位贊成智力的學(xué)者”，D選項(xiàng)“一位常規(guī)教學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者”，A，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符題意，可排除。故選B。

40.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章第二段Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無(wú)法抵消。）和第三段的段首句Buttheycouldandshouldbe.（但它們可以也應(yīng)該抵消的。）說(shuō)明作者是贊成Ravitch的觀點(diǎn)的，認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該要能夠抵消美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)的厭惡，也即是說(shuō)作者是看重智力的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“智力是要追求的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“智力僅次于智慧”，B選項(xiàng)“智力是從常識(shí)演變而來(lái)的”，D選項(xiàng)“智力是構(gòu)成權(quán)力的基礎(chǔ)”均與題意不符，故選C。

10.單選題

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunging“驟降；投入”；B選項(xiàng)patrolling“巡邏；偵查”；C選項(xiàng)lounging“懶洋洋地站著”；D選項(xiàng)lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那個(gè)失業(yè)的人手里拿著雪茄在街上……，心里愁悶不安。D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義，故選D。

11.單選題

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的；易受傷害的”；B選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的”；C選項(xiàng)vicious“惡毒的；惡意的”；D選項(xiàng)robust“強(qiáng)健的；健康的”。句意：不論我們多么幸運(yùn)、多么……，我們能存活多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是有限度的。根據(jù)前面的信息lucky“幸運(yùn)的”，那么與之并列的形容詞也應(yīng)該為積極的詞匯。由此可以排除A，B，C選項(xiàng)。而后面說(shuō)到的是remainalive“活著”可以知道應(yīng)該與描述身體的詞匯有關(guān)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

NorthKoreahas（）tieswithSouthKorea,excepttheKaesongZone,ajointventurebetweenthetwoKoreas,readyingitselfforastateofthewar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.savored

B.severed

C.segmented

D.segregated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savored“盡情享受；欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)severed“斷絕；分離”；C選項(xiàng)segmented“分割；分裂”；D選項(xiàng)segregated“使隔離；使分離”。句意：除了開(kāi)城工業(yè)區(qū)這個(gè)兩國(guó)的合資企業(yè)，北朝鮮已經(jīng)……與南韓的聯(lián)系，準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都有分離的意思，由后面的名詞ties“紐帶；聯(lián)系”，可知句中是指斷開(kāi)兩國(guó)之間的聯(lián)系。severed就有斷絕關(guān)系或者斷開(kāi)聯(lián)系的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Xi,togetherwithhis（）wife,isheadedtoaBRICSsummittobeheldinDurban,SouthAfrica,aftermeetingwithRussianpresidentVladimirPutininMoscowonhisfirststatevisitasChina’spresident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gregarious

B.glamorous

C.informative

D.inevitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；B選項(xiàng)glamorous“迷人的；富有魅力的”；C選項(xiàng)informative“提供有用信息的；增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“必然的；不可避免的”。句意：習(xí)主席，和他的……的妻子，與俄國(guó)總統(tǒng)普京在莫斯科以中國(guó)主席的身份進(jìn)行第一次會(huì)晤后，一同趕赴將在南非的德班舉行的五國(guó)峰會(huì)。最好形容一個(gè)女人的詞，應(yīng)該是富有魅力的，迷人的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

MartinLutherKing（）himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.distinguished

C.differentiated

D.separated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognized“認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)到”，為及物動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別；使出名”，與as搭配，意為“以……而著名”；C選項(xiàng)differentiated“區(qū)分；使有差別”；D選項(xiàng)separated“分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)”。句意：馬丁?路德金作為非暴力民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人而聞名，并且受到美國(guó)黑人的極大尊敬。根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)從句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美國(guó)黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且廣受黑人關(guān)注。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

China,theeconomicpowerhousewithapopulationofmorethanonebillionpeople,isoftenatthe（）ofthenewsagenda.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forefront

B.edge

C.brink

D.border

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forefront“前沿；最前線”；B選項(xiàng)edge“邊緣”；C選項(xiàng)brink“邊緣”；D選項(xiàng)border“邊界；邊境”。句意：中國(guó)，這個(gè)擁有超過(guò)10億人口的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞議程的……。B選項(xiàng)edge一般是用來(lái)形容比較窄的邊緣。C選項(xiàng)brink一般是指懸崖峭壁的邊緣。D選項(xiàng)border邊界通常用來(lái)形容兩國(guó)之間的邊界線與臨界點(diǎn)。而根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞newsagenda“新聞議程”，中國(guó)經(jīng)常能夠占據(jù)新聞議程的最前沿。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯(cuò)；誤入某地”；B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會(huì)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松節(jié)油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT（）.

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.（即使有醫(yī)生，他們也常常像他們的病人一樣缺乏知識(shí)。）故A選項(xiàng)“他們不知道如何治療他們不熟悉的疾病”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)在城市建立業(yè)務(wù)更感興趣”，C選項(xiàng)“他們更關(guān)心做研究而不是治療病人”，D選項(xiàng)“他們經(jīng)常對(duì)他們病人的疾病無(wú)可奈何”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

32.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.（大多數(shù)專利藥和賣專利藥的流動(dòng)商人的藥品一樣，都不可靠。）所以我們可以推理出專利藥的效果難以保證。C選項(xiàng)“它們的效果不太好?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“它們不貴”，B選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)治療蛇咬傷有幫助”，D選項(xiàng)“它們味道很重”都不符合原文。故選C。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句，提示詞learnbackhome（從家學(xué)習(xí)到的），可以在下半句找到答案，theirEasterncousins（她們東部的表兄弟們）可推理出她們來(lái)自美國(guó)的東部地區(qū)。A選項(xiàng)Thedesert“沙漠”；B選項(xiàng)Thewest“西部”；C選項(xiàng)ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”，首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（作為她家庭健康的守護(hù)者，這位開(kāi)拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她從未想象過(guò)的情況。很少有婦女來(lái)西部就準(zhǔn)備好了應(yīng)對(duì)沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇的咬傷或箭傷的。）由此可排除AB選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，文中只說(shuō)了穿越了密西西比并沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明來(lái)自那里。故選D。

34.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（很少的婦女來(lái)到西部，就能夠準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇咬傷或者箭傷的。）A選項(xiàng)“箭傷”，C選項(xiàng)“沙漠曬傷”，D選項(xiàng)“響尾蛇咬傷”在句中都有提及，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的凍傷”并未涉及，故選B。

35.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)sincere“真誠(chéng)的”；B選項(xiàng)young“年輕的”；C選項(xiàng)resourceful“有策略的，足智多謀的”；D選項(xiàng)rich“富有的”。從第一段我們知道西部地區(qū)是比較艱苦的，定位到第二段awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.(女人可以借鑒自己在家里學(xué)到的民間智慧和療法。)由此我們可知先鋒者在西部艱苦的地方生存下來(lái)是需要有一定技巧的，故選C。

18.單選題

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareferriedisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenodearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviorsclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

ThesocialandpoliticalimplicationsorthesetwotheoriesareprofoundIntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

46.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem（）.

47.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby（）.

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

49.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

50.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowillfactorsotherthanheredity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.主旨大意題。第一段先提出“人們一直很想知道個(gè)性和行為是怎樣形成的”，然后每段都提出一個(gè)理論，最后一段得出總結(jié)這兩種理論都不能完全解釋人類行為，關(guān)于個(gè)性是先天的還是后天的這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論肯定會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。因此D選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了先天/后天的爭(zhēng)論”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“為什么一個(gè)人的行為與別人不同”，B選項(xiàng)“是什么造就了智力的不同階段”，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)科學(xué)家如何形成不同的理論”均不符題意，可排除。故選D。

47.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在原文Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.（正如人們預(yù)想的那樣，這兩種方法是非常不同的，各理論的……之間存在大量爭(zhēng)論）因?yàn)閮煞N理論是截然相反的，所以所持不同理論的人會(huì)存在大量的爭(zhēng)論。因此proponents指人，指這兩種理論的支持者。因此B選項(xiàng)“擁護(hù)者；倡導(dǎo)者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“方法；辦法”；C選項(xiàng)“原則”；D選項(xiàng)“特性”均與題意不符，可排除。故選B。

48.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.（那些支持自然派的人們認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物和遺傳因素決定的。）由此可判斷自然派認(rèn)為我們具有一定的個(gè)性和行為模式是先天具備的，因此A選項(xiàng)“我們生來(lái)就有特定的個(gè)性和行為”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境與我們的個(gè)性無(wú)關(guān)”，說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，定位在原文Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.（我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系，這是這一理論的核心。）錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“能力和特征是由行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的”與題意無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“只有極端的行為是由本能決定的”，錯(cuò)誤，定位在原文Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.（極端地說(shuō)，這一理論認(rèn)為，我們的行為在很大程度上是先天決定的，以至于我們幾乎完全受本能的支配。）可排除。故選A。

49.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第一句找到關(guān)鍵詞定位Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviors（后天理論的支持者，或者通常被稱為行為主義者）再由第四段最后一句Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.（他們對(duì)人類的看法相當(dāng)機(jī)械的；他們認(rèn)為，人類像機(jī)器一樣對(duì)環(huán)境刺激做出回應(yīng)，這些刺激是他們的行為的基礎(chǔ)。）因此C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為我們像機(jī)器一樣對(duì)環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們相信人類是機(jī)械的”太過(guò)絕對(duì)，原文說(shuō)的是quite“相當(dāng)”，只能夠說(shuō)明極度相似，并不完全等同，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他們把我們的行為比作機(jī)器”，依照原文，他們是將humanbeing“人類”比作機(jī)器，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為機(jī)械論也適用于我們”原文未提及，可排除。故選C。

50.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第五段Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.（這導(dǎo)致一些“自然”派支持者認(rèn)為黑人基因不如白人。與之相反的行為學(xué)家說(shuō)，成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了許多教育和其他白人所享有的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此他們不與白人做出相同的反應(yīng)。）由此可知，在“自然”派支持者看來(lái)黑人的低分?jǐn)?shù)是因?yàn)榛虻牟煌?。因此D選項(xiàng)“除了遺傳與意志因素?zé)o關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是教育劣勢(shì)的結(jié)果”為行為主義者的觀點(diǎn)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“是黑人智力低下的表現(xiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)“與他們的真正智慧無(wú)關(guān)”與題意無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。故選D。

19.單選題

Thepolicechargedthemanwiththe（）ofthewatch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.steal

B.theft

C.thief

D.thesis

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)steal“偷竊”，動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)theft“偷，盜竊”，名詞；C選項(xiàng)thief“小偷，竊賊”；D選項(xiàng)thesis“論文；論點(diǎn)”。句意：警察控告這名男子……了手表。本句的主語(yǔ)是Thepolice“警察”，謂語(yǔ)charged“控告”，賓語(yǔ)theman“這個(gè)男人”，with接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句中已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入偷竊的名詞。chargesb.withsth.“控告某人某事”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Thesewagesystemofthecity（）thewatersothatswimmingwasforbidden.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diluted

B.diverted

C.culminated

D.contaminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)diluted“稀釋；削弱”；B選項(xiàng)diverted“轉(zhuǎn)移；使……轉(zhuǎn)向”；C選項(xiàng)culminated“使結(jié)束；達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)contaminated“污染；弄臟”。句意：城市的污水系統(tǒng)……了這片水域，因此游泳被禁止。關(guān)鍵詞sewage“污水”和后面的結(jié)果swimmingwasforbidden“游泳被禁止了”由此可知是污水會(huì)污染這片水域。本句使用的是過(guò)去式，因此空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

“JimmywantstostayupandwatchanoldmovieonTV.”“Teno’clockis（）foraboyofhisagetostayup.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoolatehour

B.toolateanhour

C.verymuchlateanhour

D.asolatehour

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。toolateforsb.todosth是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做什么事太晚了”。句意：吉米想要熬夜看電視上的一部老電影。十點(diǎn)鐘對(duì)他這個(gè)年齡的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)太晚了。其中anhour是Teno’clock的定語(yǔ)，不可將其分開(kāi)，用來(lái)修飾10點(diǎn)鐘這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段。同理可排除AD。C選項(xiàng)中的verymuch不能用來(lái)修飾late。選B。

22.填空題

A.Savemorebylessusingastoreloyaltycard

B.Knowyouarebeingtracked

C.Youmaypayapremiumifyouarealazyshopper

D.Notetheoriginalprice

E.Steerclearof99-centstores

F.Don’tfallforpricesendingin9.99or95

G.Notethemissingdollarsigns

Remember“subliminaladvertising”—thosehiddenmessagessupposedlyusedtoselluseverythingfromcigarettestosoftdrinks?Itturnsoutwe’restillbeingmanipulatedbymarketers.Whatyoushouldknowabouttheirtactics:

56.__________.Theseso-calledcharmpricesmakeusthinktheyreflectgooddeals.Wealsotendtoroundthemdown,readingapricelike$5.99as$5.aphenomenonknownastheleft-digiteffect.Thejournalist,William,alsonotesthatmarkdownsdon’toftenincludethesemagicnumbers.That’sbecausewhenthediscountiseasytocalculate,wethinkit’sbetterbargain.Thus“Originally$20,now$15”willtemptyoumorethan“Originally$20,now$13.99”,eventhoughthelattersavesyoumore.

57.__________.Notonlyaretheyloadedwithcharm-priced.

Items,obviously,buttheyhaveaprofitmargintwicethatofWalmart.WilliamrevealsOneexception:ifyoulivealoneorhaveasmallfamily,reports.Thesestoresoftensellpint-sizepackagesoffood,allowingthosewhoconsumelesstoavoidwaste.

58.__________.FromDairyQueentoStarbucks,manyoffoodretailershavebegunsellingmini-sizetreatsatpricesthathardlymakethemagoodvalue,notesUSATodayTheyknowthatmanypeoplewouldratherbeseenasvirtuous—eatingfewcaloriesthananormalportioncontains—thanthriftyandthatthey’rewillingtospendmoreiftheydon’thavetoactuallydoleoutthoseportionsthemselves.

59.__________.AccordingtoaCornellUniversitystudyquotedatcbsmoneywatchcom.,dinersspentmuchlesswhenmenususedtheworddollarsorthedollarsignthanwhenonlynumeralswereusedtoindicateprice.

60.__________.Ifyouuseastoreloyaltycard,yourbuyinghabitsarebeingrecordedandoftenusedtolureyoutobuymore.AccordingtotheNewYorkTimes,retailersthesedaysaresuccessfullytrickingconsumersintospendingmorebydeterminingtheirspending“sweetspot”,basedonpreviouspurchases.Sothree12-pcksofPepsiaremarkedat$12.99atStop&shopbecausethegrocerknowsyou’llbuyatthatprice,evenifyoudon’tneedit.

【答案】56.F

57.D

58.C

59.G

60.B

【解析】56.定位到第一段Itturnsoutwe’restillbeingmanipulatedbymarketers.Whatyoushouldknowabouttheirtactics:（事實(shí)證明，我們?nèi)匀辉诒粻I(yíng)銷人員所操縱。關(guān)于他們的戰(zhàn)術(shù)你應(yīng)該知道的是：）由此可知下面所述內(nèi)容均為營(yíng)銷人員的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。56題根據(jù)后一句的Theseso-calledcharmpricesmakeusthinktheyreflectgooddeals.（這些所謂的魅力價(jià)格讓我們認(rèn)為它們反映了劃算的交易。）由these指示代詞可知，56題的句子中應(yīng)該包含有多個(gè)價(jià)格，而有prices的選項(xiàng)只有F“不要受以9.99