DesignofModernWean-to-FinishBarnsforContractorFarms:

Details&ProjectManagement

方便養殖戶的現代化斷奶-育肥一欄到底飼養設施的設計：

詳情和方案管理1DesignofModernWean-to-FinisIOWA愛荷華州Area–145,754km2面積

–145,754km2Population~3million人口~300萬AvgJan.Temp-7oC一月份平均氣溫-7oCAvgJulyTemp24oC7月份平均氣溫24oCAvgRain81cm/yr年平均降雨量81cm得梅因（州府）愛荷華州美國IOWA愛荷華州Area–145,754km2得梅因Iowa–2013reports

愛荷華州-2013年報道StateRankings(%ofUS)州排名（占美國總量%）#1–Pigs(31%)豬（31%）#1–Eggs(16%)雞蛋（16%）#1–CornforGrain(16%)玉米帶（16%）#2–Soybeans(13%)大豆（13%）#4–Cattle&calvesonfeed(10%)家畜或幼畜存欄量（10%）#10–Sheep(3%)羊（3%）Iowa–2013reports

愛荷華州-2013Goals目的Designafacilitythatprovides:設計一種設施可以提供：Properwater–adequateflowandaccess合理的飲水—適中的流量及通道Properfeed–adequateaccess合理的飼喂—足夠的通道Properspace–adequateforgoodgrowth合理的空間—可供健康成長Properair–temperature,humidity,airspeedandairquality舒適的空氣—溫度，濕度，風速和空氣質量Properstorageofmanure合理的糞便存放4Goals目的DesignafacilitythatWater飲水5YoungPigs(<34kg)仔豬（<34kg）Flow-250to500ml/min流速-250到500毫升/分鐘Pressure-<140kPa壓力-<140千帕10pigs/nipplewaterer10頭豬每個乳頭飲水器20pigs/bowlwaterer20頭豬每個飲水槽OlderPigs(>34kg)長大些的豬（>34kg）Flow-500to1000ml/min流速—500至1000毫升/分鐘Pressure<210kPa壓力<210千帕10pigs/nipplewaterer10頭豬每個乳頭飲水器20pigs/bowlwaterer20頭豬每個飲水槽Nipple乳頭飲水器Cup水槽Wet/dryfeeder干/濕飼喂器Water飲水5YoungPigs(<34kg)ExampleWaterFlow

水線示例

Regulators調節閥32Waterers32個飲水器30Waterers30個飲水器Pipe-All25mmschedule40PVCbeyondregulator管道—全部為25mm的40PVC置于調節閥遠處30Waterers30個飲水器32Waterers32個飲水器ExampleWaterFlow

水線示例RegulaFeeders飼喂器7Wet/dryfeeder干/濕飼喂器FeederSpace飼喂器規格2cm/pigfor<8weeks2cm/頭豬，小于8周齡4cm/pigfor>8weeks4cm/頭豬，大于8周齡Example:Ifthefeederis150cmlong,thenitwouldworkforupto37largepigs示例：如果飼喂器的規格是150cm長，那么此飼喂器最多可供37頭大于8周齡的豬采食Feeders飼喂器7Wet/dryfeederFeed35.6cmwideFeederSpaces

9pigsperspace(36total)

35.6cm寬的飼喂器隔間

9頭豬每個隔間（一共36頭）Slatsaver板條節約裝置35.6cmwideFeederSpaces

91.22mLongFeederworksforupto31pigs

1.22m長的飼喂器最多可容納31頭豬1.22mLongFeederworksforuTubeFeederwithSlatSaverMat帶有板條節約墊的管道飼喂器TubeFeederwithSlatSaverMaSpace飼養密度11NationalSwineNutritionGuide國際豬營養指南TypicalinUSisabout0.70to0.74m2/pigforpigsmarketedat130kg對于130kg的上市豬，美國的飼養密度通常約為0.70到0.74m2/頭Space飼養密度11NationalSwineNutGroupSize群體大小12SmallPenExample:小圈欄示例：

2.4mx5.8m~21pigs/pen21頭/欄LargePenExample:大圈欄示例：

5.8mx6.1m~51pigs/pen51頭/欄Largerpensrequirelessgatingbutresearchindicatespensof35orlesshavebetteraveragedailygainandfewerlesionsduetofighting.大圈欄飼養可以減少門的使用，但是研究發現每欄35頭或者更少的群體具有較高平均日增重和較少的因打斗造成的損傷GroupSize群體大小12SmallPenExaManureStorage

糞污存放13ManureProduction(includingwashwater)糞污產量（包括污水）4.92liters/space-day(1.5standarddeviation)4.92公升/豬位/天（標準差1.5）Rangefordesign=4.92to5.68設計范圍=4.92至5.68For1year年產量1796to2073liters/space-yr1796至2073公升/豬位/每年Ifstockingdensityis0.7m2/pig如果飼養密度為0.7m2/頭Requireddepthfor“deeppit”需要“深坑”的深度2.57to2.96mManureStorage

糞污存放13ManurePr

Weight體重

Optimum最優

Range范圍 5-14kg 28oC 24-30oC14-23kg 24oC 21-27oC23-34kg 18oC 16-21oC34-82kg 16oC 13-21oC82kg–Adult（成豬） 16oC 10-21oCTargetTemperatureRangesfor

Wean-FinishPigs

斷奶-育肥豬的最適溫度范圍

Weight體重 Optimum最優 RaChilled（偏冷）Toowarm（過熱）Comfortable（舒適）Chilled（偏冷）Toowarm（過熱）ComfoTemperatureFluctuations

溫度波動Forweanedpigs–nomorethan2.1Cfluctuationperhour.對于斷奶仔豬—每小時內溫度波動不超過2.1℃TemperatureFluctuations

溫度波動FVentilationGoals

通風目標RelativeHumidity<60%相對濕度<60%AirQuality空氣質量Ammonia<15ppm氨氣<15ppmCarbonDioxide<3000ppm二氧化碳<3000ppmCarbonMonoxide<2ppm一氧化碳<2ppmHydrogenSulfide<2ppm硫化氫<2ppmMethane<1000ppm甲烷<1000ppm17VentilationGoals

通風目標RelativeVentilationGuidelines

通風指南Forsizingthefansystem:風機系統的規格：MinimumVentilationforyoungpigs仔豬需要的最小通風量3.4m3/hr–pig(maybehigherinwarmerclimates)3.4平方米/小時/頭（較暖氣候條件下也許更高）SummerVentilationforlargepigs成豬的夏季通風量203m3/hr–pig203平方米/小時/頭18VentilationGuidelines

通風指南ForVentilationStrategies

通風策略TunnelVentilation縱向通風Usesfansallthetime風機時刻運轉Curtain-sidedBarnswithFansforWinter側墻卷簾并具有冬季風機的豬舍Usesfansinwinter,naturalventilationinsummer冬季采用風機，夏季則采用自然通風FullNaturalVentilation完全自然通風Useschimneysandcurtainstoventilateusingthermalbuoyancyandwind運用煙囪效應和卷簾通風，依靠熱壓和風壓實現NotverycommoninIowa在愛荷華州不太常見VentilationStrategies

通風策略TunTunnelVentilationFacilities

縱向通風設施Winter–Usessmallfansonthesidesandinlets冬季—應用側墻小風機和進風口通風Summer–Usesendfanstocreateawindof5.5km/hrfromoneendtotheother夏季—應用山墻風機，可產生5.5千米/小時的氣流，從一端到另一端TunnelVentilationFacilities

SingleWide單個寬度12.5m–15.5mTripleWide三倍寬度46mDoubleWide24.7m–36.6mTunnelVentilation

縱向通風Advantages:優點Workswithmultipleside-by-siderooms可供多個并排的豬舍使用Doesnotrequirewind不依賴風Doesnotneedstirfans不需要攪拌風機Disadvantages:缺點Equipmentcostishigher設備費用高Energycostishigher能耗高SingleWide單個寬度TripleWide三倍TunnelVentilatedCurtainedOpening

縱向通風卷簾開啟時TunnelVentilatedCurtainedOpSizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準1)Producingdesiredairspeed

產生所需氣流速度

Fan

Capacity=cross-sectionareaxairspeed

風機風量=橫截面積x氣流速度

=[Ceilingheight(m)xRoomwidth(m)] xDesiredvelocity(m/hr)

=[天花板高度（米）x舍寬（米）]x所需氣流速度（米/小時）

Desiredvelocity:5500meters/hr(m/hr)

所需氣流速度：5500米/小時2)Producingdesiredairexchange(m3/hr-hd)

產生所需空氣交換率（立方米/小時/頭）

#pigsx203m3/hr-pig

[atleast]豬數x203立方米/小時/頭[至少]Usethehigherfancapacitybasedon:運用高風量風機的依據：SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通15.2mwide15.2米寬58mlong58米長2.44mceiling2.44米高

SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準

Example示例1200HeadWFbuilding1200頭的斷奶-育肥豬舍15.2mwide15.2米寬SizingTu1)Producingdesiredairspeed產生所需風速

[CeilingheightxRoomwidth]xDesiredvel[2.44mx15.2m]x5500m/hr

=203,984m3/hr（立方米/小時）2)Producingdesiredairexchange產生所需氣流交換率#1,200hdx203m3/hr-hd

=243,600m3/hr（立方米/小時）UsetheHigherFanCapacity:運用高風量的風機：SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準

Example示例1)ProducingdesiredairspeedWinterVentilation冬季通風

forTunnelorCurtainBarnswithFans

基于縱向通風豬舍或者帶有卷簾-風機的豬舍26UsesVariableSpeedfanstoprovidethelowlevelventilationrates通過風機速度的調控提供低水平的通風量Usesceilinginletsfordistribution通過頂部的進風口使氣流擴散Bringairinthroughopeningsintheattic讓氣流從開啟的鐘樓通過WinterVentilation冬季通風

forTuAirInlets進風口Placeforevenairdistribution可以使氣流均勻分布的地方Sizeforcapacitytomeetmaximumventilationneeds其大小可滿足最大通風量的需要Includeabilitytoadjustproperly具有適當調整的能力Attic/buildingairintake?閣樓/整舍的空氣攝入？Ensurethereisenough!要確保足夠的進風口！AirInlets進風口PlaceforevenaPoweredInletsWeightedorVelocityInletsAsAlways,InletsAreKey

一如既往，進風口是關鍵PoweredInletsWeightedorVeloCurtainSidedBarnwithFansforWinter

帶有側墻卷簾和冬季風機的豬舍Useaflatceilingwithinletsforwinterventilation運用帶有進風口的平面天花板為冬季通風Usessidewallcurtainsforventilationfromwindastopventilationstage運用側墻卷簾保溫的通風方式是冬季通風的首選Worksbestonbuildingsthatare<13.7mwide用于寬度小于13.7米的豬舍效果最好Provide76m3/hr-pigwithfansbeforeopeningcurtain在卷簾開啟前風機提供76立方米/小時-每頭豬的通風量CurtainSidedBarnwithFansf1200HeadWeantoFinishSwineFacility(15.5mx61mroom)

1200頭斷奶-育肥一欄到底飼養設施（15.5米x61米

的豬舍）1200HeadWeantoFinishSwineCurtainSidedBarnwithWinterFans

側墻卷簾并帶有冬季風機的豬舍Advantages:優點Lowerelectricitycosts電能耗低Fewerfanstopurchase風機購買量少Disadvantages:缺點Ineffectivewhennowind無風條件下通風效果差Mayrequirestirfansforcooling可能會需要攪拌風機來降溫Requiresmoremanagement管理復雜

CurtainSidedBarnwithWinterWinter冬季Mild溫暖天氣Hot炎熱天氣CurtainSidedwithDeepPitandPitExhaustFans側墻卷簾，深糞坑，糞坑排氣Winter冬季Mild溫暖天氣Hot炎熱天氣Curtain美國養豬體系課件Multi-StageController

多級控制器Multi-StageController

多級控制器SetPoint設定值Temperature溫度782Variable-SpeedFans&2Single-SpeedFans

兩臺變速風機和兩臺普通風機Minimum最小值Airflowrate通風量Bandwidth調控范圍Stage2階段234Offset滯后Bandwidth1調控范圍1Stage1階段112Differential3管轄范圍3Stage3階段35Differential4管轄范圍4Stage4階段4691011SetPointTemperature782VariabExampleFanStaging–1200TunnelBarn

風機分段調控示例—1200頭縱向通風豬舍36*Initialsetpoint,useatemperaturecurvetoadjustaspigsgrow.

初始設定值，根據豬的生長階段的溫度曲線進行修正。#Initialminimumspeed,useaspeedcurvetoadjustaspigsgrow.

初始最小風速，根據豬的生長階段的風速曲線進行修正。ExampleFanStaging–1200TunRamps曲線37最小風速設定值日齡風速設定值Ramps曲線37最小風速設定值日齡風速BrooderwithFloorMats具有加溫墊的保育舍Barncanbeoperatedcooler舍內溫度可以控制的稍低些Matcapturesheat加溫墊可以供熱Reducedraftsthroughslats減少通過漏縫地板倒灌上來的賊風Sizedtoaccommodatepigletsfirst2weeks其大小可滿足豬仔兩周的適應期?sq.ft.perpigs

0.05平方米/頭豬BrooderwithFloorMats具有加溫墊的保DirectCooling直接降溫Wettingthepigandthenallowingmoisturetoevaporateoffprovidessubstantialcooling(1050BTU’slostforeverylbofwaterevaporated)使豬體表濕潤，然后讓水分蒸發，從而達到降溫(每蒸發1磅水，能帶走1050英熱單位的熱量)Goodsystemswetthepig&allowthewatertoevaporate優良的系統可使豬濕潤并使水蒸發Increasedairspeed提高風速Lowerhumidity=increasedevaporationsowantintermittentwetting降低濕度=增加蒸發,間歇進行Sprinkling&dripping噴淋降溫和滴水降溫DirectCooling直接降溫WettingtheOnceapiggetsto22kg,itstartsfeelingheatstressabove210C,andlossesoccurabove29℃豬的體重一達到20千克，就會在溫度21℃以上時感到熱應激，氣溫高于29℃就會發生損失Ifthepigistosurviveinhotconditions,itmustloseheatthroughevaporation如果豬要耐過熱應激，它必須通過蒸發的方式來散發體熱Onceapiggetsto22kg,itsLocatingSupplementalCoolingFans

額外降溫風扇的按放

(PlanView:Partially-SlattedFloors)

（平面圖：部分漏縫地板）Prevailingsummerwinds盛行的夏季風=coolingfanStandardpensizerepresented.代表標準圈欄大小Drawingnottoprecisescale粗略標尺Throw~10xfandiameterImpactedareaImpactedareaImpactedareaImpactedarea影響區域Impactedarea影響區域Impactedarea影響區域DrRickStowell,ExtensionAgEngineer,UniversityofNebraska降溫風機投擲距離~10x風機直徑LocatingSupplementalCoolingTiltingFansforCoolingEffect

傾斜式風扇降溫的效果

(ViewfromCenterAisletowardSidewall)

（視角從中間走到面向側墻方向）Spacing~25xfandiameter(m)FansUsedforDistributingAirSpacetoutilizethrowThrow~10xfandiameter(m)TiltfanstoexposepigstomovingairstreamNotiltresultsinaircirculationwithoutexposingpigstomovingairstreamDrRickStowell,ExtensionAgEngineer,UniversityofNebraska使用投擲距離的空間投擲距離~10x風機直徑（米）空間~25x風機直徑（米）風扇未傾斜的結果是產生空氣環流，并防止豬直接處于流動的氣流中TiltingFansforCoolingEffec美國養豬體系課件ProjectManagement項目管理Managementofdailyandupcomingissues管理日常及將要面臨的問題

Resources資源Time時間Money資金Scope范圍44ProjectManagement項目管理ManagemProjectManagement項目管理Resources資源People人員Whatskillsdotheyneed?需要具備那些技能？Whenwillyouneedthem?何時需要？Howmanywillbeneeded?需要多少？Equipment設備Whatwillbeneeded?需要那些設備？Isitownedorwillitneedtoberented?已有或還需要租賃？Doesitneedaspecialoperator?是否需要專業操作員？Materials材料Whatandhowmuch?需要什么及多少？Whendoyouneedit?何時需要？Wherewillitbestoredifitison-siteearly?若提早到現場如何安置？Howmuchleadtimedoesthesupplierneed?需要提前多長時間預定？45ProjectManagement項目管理ResourcProjectManagement項目管理Time時間Whattasks?什么任務？Howlongdoeseachtake?需要多長時間？Whichitemsaredependentonanother?那些項目相互依賴？Money資金Costs?

預算多少？Whenarefundsneeded?合適需要資金？Contingenciesforcostover-run?超出預算的應急資金？46ProjectManagement項目管理Time時間Scope范圍Projectsize項目大小Goals(whendoesitneedtobecompleted?)目標（完成期限何時？）Requirements要求Permits許可證Insurance

保險Legalrequirements法律規定47ProjectManagement項目管理Scope范圍47ProjectManagement項48ExampleGanttChart.ThesecasebemadeinExcelorMSProject甘特圖表示例。此表可以通過Excel或者MS進行制作陰影部分代表周末，非正常工作日。非工作日有計劃的工作日這些任務近期可以完工。挖掘任務只有在這些繩線設定后開始任務二月/三月安排服務電路連接水線連接廁所訂購圍欄和指示牌場址動工選址并考察建筑場地清理并填平場地設定線行挖掘場地挖掘根基挖掘48ExampleGanttChart.These49AmorecomplexGanttchart.一張更為復雜的甘特圖表Tasksandsub-tasks任務和子任務Duration周期StartandEnddates起止日期Whoisresponsible?由誰負責？49AmorecomplexGanttchart.50Questions???問題？？？50Questions???問題？？？DesignofModernWean-to-FinishBarnsforContractorFarms:

Details&ProjectManagement

方便養殖戶的現代化斷奶-育肥一欄到底飼養設施的設計：

詳情和方案管理51DesignofModernWean-to-FinisIOWA愛荷華州Area–145,754km2面積

–145,754km2Population~3million人口~300萬AvgJan.Temp-7oC一月份平均氣溫-7oCAvgJulyTemp24oC7月份平均氣溫24oCAvgRain81cm/yr年平均降雨量81cm得梅因（州府）愛荷華州美國IOWA愛荷華州Area–145,754km2得梅因Iowa–2013reports

愛荷華州-2013年報道StateRankings(%ofUS)州排名（占美國總量%）#1–Pigs(31%)豬（31%）#1–Eggs(16%)雞蛋（16%）#1–CornforGrain(16%)玉米帶（16%）#2–Soybeans(13%)大豆（13%）#4–Cattle&calvesonfeed(10%)家畜或幼畜存欄量（10%）#10–Sheep(3%)羊（3%）Iowa–2013reports

愛荷華州-2013Goals目的Designafacilitythatprovides:設計一種設施可以提供：Properwater–adequateflowandaccess合理的飲水—適中的流量及通道Properfeed–adequateaccess合理的飼喂—足夠的通道Properspace–adequateforgoodgrowth合理的空間—可供健康成長Properair–temperature,humidity,airspeedandairquality舒適的空氣—溫度，濕度，風速和空氣質量Properstorageofmanure合理的糞便存放54Goals目的DesignafacilitythatWater飲水55YoungPigs(<34kg)仔豬（<34kg）Flow-250to500ml/min流速-250到500毫升/分鐘Pressure-<140kPa壓力-<140千帕10pigs/nipplewaterer10頭豬每個乳頭飲水器20pigs/bowlwaterer20頭豬每個飲水槽OlderPigs(>34kg)長大些的豬（>34kg）Flow-500to1000ml/min流速—500至1000毫升/分鐘Pressure<210kPa壓力<210千帕10pigs/nipplewaterer10頭豬每個乳頭飲水器20pigs/bowlwaterer20頭豬每個飲水槽Nipple乳頭飲水器Cup水槽Wet/dryfeeder干/濕飼喂器Water飲水5YoungPigs(<34kg)ExampleWaterFlow

水線示例

Regulators調節閥32Waterers32個飲水器30Waterers30個飲水器Pipe-All25mmschedule40PVCbeyondregulator管道—全部為25mm的40PVC置于調節閥遠處30Waterers30個飲水器32Waterers32個飲水器ExampleWaterFlow

水線示例RegulaFeeders飼喂器57Wet/dryfeeder干/濕飼喂器FeederSpace飼喂器規格2cm/pigfor<8weeks2cm/頭豬，小于8周齡4cm/pigfor>8weeks4cm/頭豬，大于8周齡Example:Ifthefeederis150cmlong,thenitwouldworkforupto37largepigs示例：如果飼喂器的規格是150cm長，那么此飼喂器最多可供37頭大于8周齡的豬采食Feeders飼喂器7Wet/dryfeederFeed35.6cmwideFeederSpaces

9pigsperspace(36total)

35.6cm寬的飼喂器隔間

9頭豬每個隔間（一共36頭）Slatsaver板條節約裝置35.6cmwideFeederSpaces

91.22mLongFeederworksforupto31pigs

1.22m長的飼喂器最多可容納31頭豬1.22mLongFeederworksforuTubeFeederwithSlatSaverMat帶有板條節約墊的管道飼喂器TubeFeederwithSlatSaverMaSpace飼養密度61NationalSwineNutritionGuide國際豬營養指南TypicalinUSisabout0.70to0.74m2/pigforpigsmarketedat130kg對于130kg的上市豬，美國的飼養密度通常約為0.70到0.74m2/頭Space飼養密度11NationalSwineNutGroupSize群體大小62SmallPenExample:小圈欄示例：

2.4mx5.8m~21pigs/pen21頭/欄LargePenExample:大圈欄示例：

5.8mx6.1m~51pigs/pen51頭/欄Largerpensrequirelessgatingbutresearchindicatespensof35orlesshavebetteraveragedailygainandfewerlesionsduetofighting.大圈欄飼養可以減少門的使用，但是研究發現每欄35頭或者更少的群體具有較高平均日增重和較少的因打斗造成的損傷GroupSize群體大小12SmallPenExaManureStorage

糞污存放63ManureProduction(includingwashwater)糞污產量（包括污水）4.92liters/space-day(1.5standarddeviation)4.92公升/豬位/天（標準差1.5）Rangefordesign=4.92to5.68設計范圍=4.92至5.68For1year年產量1796to2073liters/space-yr1796至2073公升/豬位/每年Ifstockingdensityis0.7m2/pig如果飼養密度為0.7m2/頭Requireddepthfor“deeppit”需要“深坑”的深度2.57to2.96mManureStorage

糞污存放13ManurePr

Weight體重

Optimum最優

Range范圍 5-14kg 28oC 24-30oC14-23kg 24oC 21-27oC23-34kg 18oC 16-21oC34-82kg 16oC 13-21oC82kg–Adult（成豬） 16oC 10-21oCTargetTemperatureRangesfor

Wean-FinishPigs

斷奶-育肥豬的最適溫度范圍

Weight體重 Optimum最優 RaChilled（偏冷）Toowarm（過熱）Comfortable（舒適）Chilled（偏冷）Toowarm（過熱）ComfoTemperatureFluctuations

溫度波動Forweanedpigs–nomorethan2.1Cfluctuationperhour.對于斷奶仔豬—每小時內溫度波動不超過2.1℃TemperatureFluctuations

溫度波動FVentilationGoals

通風目標RelativeHumidity<60%相對濕度<60%AirQuality空氣質量Ammonia<15ppm氨氣<15ppmCarbonDioxide<3000ppm二氧化碳<3000ppmCarbonMonoxide<2ppm一氧化碳<2ppmHydrogenSulfide<2ppm硫化氫<2ppmMethane<1000ppm甲烷<1000ppm67VentilationGoals

通風目標RelativeVentilationGuidelines

通風指南Forsizingthefansystem:風機系統的規格：MinimumVentilationforyoungpigs仔豬需要的最小通風量3.4m3/hr–pig(maybehigherinwarmerclimates)3.4平方米/小時/頭（較暖氣候條件下也許更高）SummerVentilationforlargepigs成豬的夏季通風量203m3/hr–pig203平方米/小時/頭68VentilationGuidelines

通風指南ForVentilationStrategies

通風策略TunnelVentilation縱向通風Usesfansallthetime風機時刻運轉Curtain-sidedBarnswithFansforWinter側墻卷簾并具有冬季風機的豬舍Usesfansinwinter,naturalventilationinsummer冬季采用風機，夏季則采用自然通風FullNaturalVentilation完全自然通風Useschimneysandcurtainstoventilateusingthermalbuoyancyandwind運用煙囪效應和卷簾通風，依靠熱壓和風壓實現NotverycommoninIowa在愛荷華州不太常見VentilationStrategies

通風策略TunTunnelVentilationFacilities

縱向通風設施Winter–Usessmallfansonthesidesandinlets冬季—應用側墻小風機和進風口通風Summer–Usesendfanstocreateawindof5.5km/hrfromoneendtotheother夏季—應用山墻風機，可產生5.5千米/小時的氣流，從一端到另一端TunnelVentilationFacilities

SingleWide單個寬度12.5m–15.5mTripleWide三倍寬度46mDoubleWide24.7m–36.6mTunnelVentilation

縱向通風Advantages:優點Workswithmultipleside-by-siderooms可供多個并排的豬舍使用Doesnotrequirewind不依賴風Doesnotneedstirfans不需要攪拌風機Disadvantages:缺點Equipmentcostishigher設備費用高Energycostishigher能耗高SingleWide單個寬度TripleWide三倍TunnelVentilatedCurtainedOpening

縱向通風卷簾開啟時TunnelVentilatedCurtainedOpSizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準1)Producingdesiredairspeed

產生所需氣流速度

Fan

Capacity=cross-sectionareaxairspeed

風機風量=橫截面積x氣流速度

=[Ceilingheight(m)xRoomwidth(m)] xDesiredvelocity(m/hr)

=[天花板高度（米）x舍寬（米）]x所需氣流速度（米/小時）

Desiredvelocity:5500meters/hr(m/hr)

所需氣流速度：5500米/小時2)Producingdesiredairexchange(m3/hr-hd)

產生所需空氣交換率（立方米/小時/頭）

#pigsx203m3/hr-pig

[atleast]豬數x203立方米/小時/頭[至少]Usethehigherfancapacitybasedon:運用高風量風機的依據：SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通15.2mwide15.2米寬58mlong58米長2.44mceiling2.44米高

SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準

Example示例1200HeadWFbuilding1200頭的斷奶-育肥豬舍15.2mwide15.2米寬SizingTu1)Producingdesiredairspeed產生所需風速

[CeilingheightxRoomwidth]xDesiredvel[2.44mx15.2m]x5500m/hr

=203,984m3/hr（立方米/小時）2)Producingdesiredairexchange產生所需氣流交換率#1,200hdx203m3/hr-hd

=243,600m3/hr（立方米/小時）UsetheHigherFanCapacity:運用高風量的風機：SizingTunnelVentilation:

縱向通風的標準

Example示例1)ProducingdesiredairspeedWinterVentilation冬季通風

forTunnelorCurtainBarnswithFans

基于縱向通風豬舍或者帶有卷簾-風機的豬舍76UsesVariableSpeedfanstoprovidethelowlevelventilationrates通過風機速度的調控提供低水平的通風量Usesceilinginletsfordistribution通過頂部的進風口使氣流擴散Bringairinthroughopeningsintheattic讓氣流從開啟的鐘樓通過WinterVentilation冬季通風

forTuAirInlets進風口Placeforevenairdistribution可以使氣流均勻分布的地方Sizeforcapacitytomeetmaximumventilationneeds其大小可滿足最大通風量的需要Includeabilitytoadjustproperly具有適當調整的能力Attic/buildingairintake?閣樓/整舍的空氣攝入？Ensurethereisenough!要確保足夠的進風口！AirInlets進風口PlaceforevenaPoweredInletsWeightedorVelocityInletsAsAlways,InletsAreKey

一如既往，進風口是關鍵PoweredInletsWeightedorVeloCurtainSidedBarnwithFansforWinter

帶有側墻卷簾和冬季風機的豬舍Useaflatceilingwithinletsforwinterventilation運用帶有進風口的平面天花板為冬季通風Usessidewallcurtainsforventilationfromwindastopventilationstage運用側墻卷簾保溫的通風方式是冬季通風的首選Worksbestonbuildingsthatare<13.7mwide用于寬度小于13.7米的豬舍效果最好Provide76m3/hr-pigwithfansbeforeopeningcurtain在卷簾開啟前風機提供76立方米/小時-每頭豬的通風量CurtainSidedBarnwithFansf1200HeadWeantoFinishSwineFacility(15.5mx61mroom)

1200頭斷奶-育肥一欄到底飼養設施（15.5米x61米

的豬舍）1200HeadWeantoFinishSwineCurtainSidedBarnwithWinterFans

側墻卷簾并帶有冬季風機的豬舍Advantages:優點Lowerelectricitycosts電能耗低Fewerfanstopurchase風機購買量少Disadvantages:缺點Ineffectivewhennowind無風條件下通風效果差Mayrequirestirfansforcooling可能會需要攪拌風機來降溫Requiresmoremanagement管理復雜

CurtainSidedBarnwithWinterWinter冬季Mild溫暖天氣Hot炎熱天氣CurtainSidedwithDeepPitandPitExhaustFans側墻卷簾，深糞坑，糞坑排氣Winter冬季Mild溫暖天氣Hot炎熱天氣Curtain美國養豬體系課件Multi-StageController

多級控制器Multi-StageController

多級控制器SetPoint設定值Temperature溫度782Variable-SpeedFans&2Single-SpeedFans

兩臺變速風機和兩臺普通風機Minimum最小值Airflowrate通風量Bandwidth調控范圍Stage2階段234Offset滯后Bandwidth1調控范圍1Stage1階段112Differential3管轄范圍3Stage3階段35Differential4管轄范圍4Stage4階段4691011SetPointTemperature782VariabExampleFanStaging–1200TunnelBarn

風機分段調控示例—1200頭縱向通風豬舍86*Initialsetpoint,useatemperaturecurvetoadjustaspigsgrow.

初始設定值，根據豬的生長階段的溫度曲線進行修正。#Initialminimumspeed,useaspeedcurvetoadjustaspigsgrow.

初始最小風速，根據豬的生長階段的風速曲線進行修正。ExampleFanStaging–1200TunRamps曲線87最小風速設定值日齡風速設定值Ramps曲線37最小風速設定值日齡風速BrooderwithFloorMats具有加溫墊的保育舍Barncanbeoperatedcooler舍內溫度可以控制的稍低些Matcapturesheat加溫墊可以供熱Reducedraftsthroughslats減少通過漏縫地板倒灌上來的賊風Sizedtoaccommodatepigletsfirst2weeks其大小可滿足豬仔兩周的適應期?sq.ft.perpigs

0.05平方米/頭豬BrooderwithFloorMats具有加溫墊的保DirectCooling直接降溫Wettingthepigandthenallowingmoisturetoevaporateoffprovidessubstantialcooling(1050BTU’slostforeverylbofwaterevaporated)使豬體表濕潤，然后讓水分蒸發，從而達到降溫(每蒸發1磅水，能帶走1050英熱單位的熱量)Goodsystemswetthepig&allowthewatertoevaporate優良的系統可使豬濕潤并使水蒸發Increasedairspeed提高風速Lowerhumidity=increasedevaporationsowantintermittentwetting降低濕度=增加蒸發,間歇進行Sprinkling&dripping噴淋降溫和滴水降溫DirectCooling直接降溫WettingtheOnceapiggetsto22kg,itstartsfeelingheatstressabove210C,andlossesoccurabove29℃豬的體重一達到20千克，就會在溫度21℃以上時感到熱應激，氣溫高于29℃就會發生損失Ifthepigistosurviveinhotconditions,itmustloseheatthroughevaporation如果豬要耐過熱應激，它必須通過蒸發的方式來散發體熱Onceapiggetsto22kg,itsLocatingSupplementalCoolingFans

額外降溫風扇的按放

(