高一英語秋季課程第五講第1頁MAINCONTENTSVacabularyGrammarHaveatry第2頁Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero第3頁PARTONEVacabulary＆Phraseoutofwork失業,出問題Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llbeoutofwork.假如你不好好工作就會失業。

Learnmoreoutof常有“出于，因為；缺乏，沒有；放棄，喪失；越出之外”等意義。outofquestion毫無疑問 outofsight看不見outoforder出故障；有毛病outofreach夠不到，夠不著………第4頁loseheart喪失勇氣或信心Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart，youwillsucceed.只要不氣餒，你會成功。第5頁fightfor為……而斗爭;努力爭取fightagainst與……作斗爭fightwith和……并肩作戰，和……打仗/打架/斗爭He'sreadytofightforthehonourofhiscountry.他隨時準備為祖國榮譽而戰斗。Hewasbraveenoughtofightagainsttherobber.他非常勇敢，勇于同盜賊搏斗。Hewasalwaysfightingwithhisneighborsaboutthenoise.他經常為了噪音和鄰居們爭吵。第6頁since=nowthat意為“因為,既然”,常表示已知或大家都清楚原因。Sincetherainhasstopped,let'sgooutforawalk.既然雨已經停了，我們出去散散步吧。Yououghttohaveagoodrestnowthatyou'vefinishedthework.既然已完成了工作，你就應該好好休息一下。

Learnmorebecause，as也可引導原因狀語從句IfeelguiltybecauseIhaven'twrittenherlately.我感到內疚，因為我最近一直沒有給她寄信。Asyouknoweverything,Iwanttosaynothing.因為你已經知道了一切，我就不想說什么了。第7頁vote/v??t/

v.投票，選舉;提議;投票表決n.投票，表決;投票數;投票權;決議Thematterwillbedecidedbyvote.這件事將會經過投票決定。votedown投票否決；投票擊敗 votein投票選出；選舉puttothevote將付諸表決votethrough表決經過 take/haveavoteon對進行表決votefor/against投票贊成/反對……………第8頁Womennowhavethevoteinmostcountries.現在在大部分國家婦女已經有選舉權。Aproposaltomergethetwocompanieswasvotedthroughyesterday.兩家企業合并提議已于昨日投票經過。Beforeitwasfullydiscussed,thequestionwasputtothevote.

這個問題還未來得及充分討論就得交付表決。Wecalledameetinginordertotakeavoteontheissue.我們召集會議就這一問題進行表決。Hewasvoteddowninthelastelection.他在上次選舉時被擊敗了。I'mgoingtovoteforthecandidateyouareplanningtovotefor.我打算投票贊成你準備選舉那個候選人。第9頁reward

/rI'w?:d/n.酬勞;報答;賞金;酬金vt.酬報，獎賞;報答Shedeservesarewardforherefforts.她主動努力，應得到獎賞。inreward(for)作為（對）酬勞、報答givearewardtosb.forsth.為給某人酬勞、賞金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因報答、獎賞某人 rewardsb.withsth.用報答、獎賞某人………………………第10頁Itisunfairthathegetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork.他工作很辛勞，酬勞卻極少，這不公平。Hewasgiven

arewardforhisgoodservice.他因為良好服務而取得獎勵。Isthishowyourewardmeforhelping/myhelp?你就這么報答我對你幫助嗎?Theschoolrewardedhimwithaprizeforexcellenceinhisstudies.他因學習成績優異而受到學校獎賞。第11頁equal

/'i:kw?l/adj.相等，平等n.一樣人;相等數量vt.等于;比得上;使相等vi.相等，相平Itisequaltomewhetherhecomesornot.他來不來對我都一樣。Womenshallbeequalwithmenintheenjoymentofwelfarebenefits.婦女在享受福利待遇方面享受與男子平等權利。beequalto與相等beequalwith與平等…………第12頁adviseadvisesb.onsth.就……給某人出主意 advise+n./pron.提議……advisesb.todosth.提議某人做……

advise(one’s)doingsth.提議（某人）做……advise+(that)sb.(should)do提議某人應該做某事Letmeadviseyouontechnicalmatters.我來向你提供相關技術問題意見。Whatwouldyouadvisemetodotosettlethedifferences?你看我怎么來消除分歧?第13頁freefrom/of不受……傷害、影響，免于……Heisfreefromanysenseofresponsibility.他絲毫沒有責任感。第14頁asamatteroffact實際上Asamatteroffact,Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.實際上我從未到過那兒。

Learnmoreinfact;inreality;actually實際上，實際上ActuallyIhavebeenteachinghistoryforfiveyears.實際上我教歷史已經有五年之久了。Inreality,thingsalwayshappenoutofexpectation.現實中，事情總是出乎意料地發生。第15頁setoff出發，動身setup設置，建立；設置，豎起setout陳列，擺出；開始（setouttodosth.）Thesunwasonthehorizonwhenwesetoff.我們出發時，太陽正在地平線上。Thenewtheorywassetupbyayoungscientist.這個新理論是一位年輕科學家提出來。Wesetouttofindthetruthbehindthemystery.我們開始著手揭開謎團背后真相。第16頁beactivein=takeanactivepartin主動參加;在……活躍Everyoneofusisactiveintechnicalinnovation.我們每個人都主動參加技術革新.Heaskedallconcernedtotakeanactivepartinhelpingthegirl.他要求全部相關人主動幫助那個女孩。第17頁diefrom死于（外因）dieof死于（內因如：饑餓，嚴寒，疾病等）diefor為……而死Itissaidthatmanypeoplediefromsmokingeveryday.聽說天天都有不少人因吸煙致死。IfeltasthoughIshoulddieofhunger.我以為我要餓死了。Hewouldratherdieforhisbelief.他寧愿為他信仰而死。第18頁beproudof/takepridein以……而自豪Youshouldbeproudofyourachievement.你應該為你成就感到自豪。Theparentsalwaystakeprideintheachievementsoftheirchildren.家長總是對孩子所取得成績感到自豪。第19頁thinkhighlyof對……評價高Wethinkhighlyofhisresearchinthisfield.我們對他在這首先研究評價很高。第20頁PARTTWOGrammar定語從句介詞＋which/whom結構(1)當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常由“介詞＋which/whom”引導；關系副詞有時也能夠被此結構代替。TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazine______youaskedfor.＝TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazine____________youasked.whichwhichfor第21頁(2)關系詞whose慣用“the＋名詞＋ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名詞”結構來代替。thedoorofwhich(3)“介詞＋which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代詞或數詞，表示部分與整體關系。1)Heloveshisparentsdeeply，bothofwhomareverykindtohim.2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples，someofwhichhavegonebad.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroom________________________isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.第22頁注意：1.含有介詞動詞短語普通不拆開使用，如：lookfor，lookafter，takecareof等。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（╳）→ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.2.若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that。Themanwithwhoyoutalkedismyfriend.（╳）

→Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.第23頁PARTTHREEHaveatry!第24頁典例精講AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：先行詞是town；從句中缺grewup地點狀語inthetown，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。B第25頁____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.WhichA解析：as引導非限制性定語從句，位置可前，可中，可后；as代主句整句話意思，譯作“正如……”Romeisaplace____.A.whereIwanttovisitB.whatIwanttovisitC.whichIwanttovisititD.Iwanttovisit解析：先行詞是place；從句中缺visit賓語，所以應用關系代詞which或that引導定語從句，而關系代詞在從句中作賓語時能夠省略。D第26頁Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.theway

B.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich解析：way表“方式”，后跟定語從句表示某人做某事方式時，引導詞能夠是that或inwhich，還能夠省略。AGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger____itwas20yearsago,____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.when;that解析：“whatitwas20yearsago”是is表語從句，意為“它二十年前樣子”；“whenitwassopoorlyequipped”是定語從句修飾20yearsago。A第27頁Iwalkedinourgarden,____TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that解析：先行詞是garden；從句中缺地點狀語inthegarden，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。CIfashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：先行詞是chairs；從句中缺park地點狀語inthechairs，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。D第28頁Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.where;whereB.which;whereC.where;thatD.that;that解析：“wherethebridgeissupposedtobebuilt”是定語從句修飾先行詞place；“wherethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest”是be表語從句，意為“過河交通最擁擠地方”。A第29頁—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what解析：先行詞是one，代詞代town；從句中缺work地點狀語inthetown，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。BIsthisthefactory____colourTVsetsareproduced?A.whereB.that

C.theone

D./

解析：把主句還原成陳說句“Thisisthefactory”，可見主句完整，故后面是定語從句修飾先行詞factory，從句中缺areproduced地點狀語inthefactory，所以用關系副詞where引導定語從句。A第30頁課堂練習1.那天，曼德拉告訴我該怎么做而且還幫我忙，這是我一生中最高興日子。Theday______NelsonMandelatoldme___________andhelpedmewasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.whenwhattodo2.過去30年來所出現大量法律剝奪我們權利，阻擋我們進步，一直到今天，我們還處于幾乎什么權利都沒有階段。Thelastthirtyyears______

______

thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogressuntiltodaywehavereachedastage______

wehavealmostnorightsatall.haveseenwhere第31頁3.只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。didweanswer4.我們被置于這么一個境地：要么我們被迫接收低人一等現實，要么跟政府作斗爭。inwhicheitheror5.非常遺憾是我沒有這個證件，因為我不是在那里出生，我很擔心我是不是會失業。Onlythen____________decideto______violencewithviolence.Wewereputinaposition____________wehad______toacceptwewerelessimportant,______fightthegovernment.SadlyIdidnothavethispassbookbecauseIwasnotbornthereandIwas

whetherIwouldbe________________.worriedaboutoutofwork第32頁高考鏈接RosaParkswasbornonFebruary4,1913inAlabama,America.ShespentherchildhoodinAlabama.

Attheageof11,shewenttotheMontgomeryIndustrialSchoolforGirls.Later,sheworked__1__aseamstress(女裁縫)inMontgomery.as1.workas擔任；以……身份而工作第33頁

RosaParkshasbeencalledthe“motherofthecivilrights__2__”andoneofthemostimportantpeopleofthe20thcentury.

Intheearly1950s,thebussysteminMontgomery,asinmanypartsoftheUnitedState,wassegregated(隔離).Blacksneededtoboard(上車)thebusatthefront，buytheirtickets,andthenreboardthebusinthe__3__.movementbackcivil/'sIvl/adj.公民；民間2.movementn.運動；活動segregate/'segrIgeIt/vt.使隔離；使分離；在……實施種族隔離第34頁Sometimes,theyweren’tabletogetonthebusagainbeforeitdroveaway.Theywerenot__4__tositinthefrontofthebus,whichsometimesmadeitdifficulttogetoffattherightstop.Even__5__theyweresittinginthe“blacksection(區)”,theywerestillrequiredtogivetheirseatsupto__6__passengersifthe“whitesection”wasfull.allowedifwhite4.被動語態。此處意為“被允許”getoffv.動身；免于受罰；從……下來；脫下（衣服等）5.evenif意為“即使，即使”第35頁InDecemberof1955,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupher__7__onacitybustoawhitepassenger.

Thebusdriverhadherarrested.Shewasaccusedofviolating(違反)alocallaw.

Heractencouragedacity-wideboycottofthebussystem.Theboycottintroducedthecountryseatrefuse/rI'fju:z/n.垃圾；廢物vt.拒絕；不愿；抵制vi.拒絕arrest/?'rest/vt.逮捕n.逮捕；監禁accuseof訓斥，控告boycott/'b?Ik?t/vt.聯合抵制；拒絕參加n.聯合抵制第36頁toaclergyman(牧師)namedMartinLutherKing,Jr.,__8__led