1、住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湖南師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president,

2、 the Dow Jones average was under 3,5000, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of “not leaving a sin

3、gle person behind”. It is possible that similar “compassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the country felt

4、 flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable, Bobby Kenned-like pilgrimage through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a “new

5、 markets initiative.”What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to ita growing economyis being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often h

6、ave medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. “The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modem life,” says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mae. When h

7、e and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk analytically and long-term; education, development of work skills, shifts in the labor market, adjustments in welfare reform.But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people

8、. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. Its simple invisibility, because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the others view.1.In this passage, the word straitened means（ ）.2.In this

9、passage, the word flush means（ ）.3.The main idea of the passage is that（ ）.4.Which statement from the passage is an opinion?5.After reading this passage, you can conclude that（ ）.6.The author states that one important reason that we do not talk much about poverty is that（ ） .問題1選項A.difficultB.wealth

10、yC.pastD.distant問題2選項A.poorB.angryC.richD.hard working問題3選項A.The country is enjoying economic growthB.The poor are benefiting from todays good economyC.In the past we were more aware of the poor than we are today.D.In the past there were many more poor people than there are today.問題4選項A.Another forc

11、e has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people.B.Clintons tour was called a “new markets initiative.”C.Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades.D.Eight years ago, the Dow Jones average was under 3,5000, and yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions

12、of dollars.問題5選項A.the relationship between the rich and the poor has changedB.the good economy will soon endC.poverty will be obliterated as a result of increased wealthD.all people benefit from good economic conditions問題6選項A.no one knows what to do about it .B.poverty really is lower than in the pa

13、stC.no one has been left out of the current boomD.the president is not concerned about the poor【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:C第4題:A第5題:A第6題:B【解析】1.詞匯題。根據原文可知，“in that more straitened time”指的是上文提到的Clinton競選總統時期，道瓊斯指數不到3.5萬點，每年的政府預算赤字預計將一直處于數千億美元，甚至更高，沒有人談論“永久繁榮”或“新經濟”。由此可以推斷，這個時期是貧窮的，困難的，所以選項A正確。2.詞匯題。根據第二段第一句，但

14、令人吃驚的是，相對于八年前國家經濟不穩定的時候，現在人們談論貧困話題的次數越來越少，同樣地，在以前國家富裕的時候，人們談論的次數也少。由此可知，“flush”指的是“rich”,選項C正確。3.主旨大意題。根據第一段第一句，以前，只要我們有錢了，就會討論貧困問題。現在為什么 不了？為什么當前的貧富政治似乎只與財富有關?再根據第二段第一句，但令人吃驚的是，相對于八年前國家經濟不穩定的時候，現在人們談論貧困話題的次數越來越少，同樣地，在以前國家富裕的時候，人們談論的次數也少。由此可知，本文的主旨是：過去人們比現在更加關注貧困問題。選項C正確。4.推理判斷題。以下哪一項表達的是觀點。根據最后一段第一

15、句“But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people.”但我認為，還有另一股力量使這個時代成為一個幾乎看不到窮人的富裕時代。由此可知，這是作者的觀點，其他選項均為原文中的事實而不是觀點。所以本題選A。5.推理判斷題。結合全文內容可知，本文提到現在的人們不像過去那樣關注貧困問題。而產生這種情況的原因是由于經濟增長，貧富之間的差距縮小了，也就是說，貧窮和富裕之間的關系發生了改變，所以選項A符合原文；選項C中貧困并沒有被消除，所以表述不正確。6.細節事實題。

16、根據第三段的一二句“What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups.”目前的情況在一定程度上是一種合乎邏輯的、政策驅動的反應。貧困確實比過去幾十年都要低，尤其是對少數群體而言。由此可知，選項B符合原文。2.單選題Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind

17、of ceremony that express group（ ）of the union.問題1選項A.opinionB.consistencyC.insistenceD.approval【答案】D【解析】opinion觀點, 主張；consistency一致性, 相容性；insistence堅持, 強調；approval批準, 認可, 贊同。句意：在所有社會中, 合法的婚姻通常伴隨著某種儀式, 表達群體對婚姻的認可。選項D符合語境。3.單選題Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowl

18、y than natural ones.問題1選項A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate滲透, 看透；evaporate蒸發, 揮發；fade褪色；secede 脫離, 退出。句意：由于化學結構的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。選項C符合句意。4.單選題I _ the meeting yesterday, but some urgent matter prevented me from coming.問題1選項A.ought to attendB.was about to attendC.was to have att

19、endedD.was to attend【答案】C【解析】考查謂語動詞。A選項ought to attend“應該參加”；B選項was about to attend“即將參加，正打算參加”；C選項was to have attended“本來要參加（卻結果沒參加）”；D選項was to attend“將要參加（表示預先安排好的計劃或約定）”。句意：我本來打算昨天參加會議的，但有一件緊急的事阻止我前往。根據urgent matter prevented me from coming“緊急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想參加會議，C選項was to have attended“本來要參加（卻結果沒

20、參加）”符合題意。因此C選項正確。5.單選題John（ ）on his mistake long after the test was over.問題1選項A.consideredB.dweltC.contemplateD.figured【答案】B【解析】dwell on為固定搭配，指“細想，凝思”。句意：測試結束后很久，約翰還在想著他的錯誤。選項B符合句意。6.單選題Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of（ ） g

21、rouping is advisable.問題1選項A.homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD.anonymous【答案】A【解析】homogeneous同質的；instantaneous瞬間的；spontaneous自發的；anonymous匿名的。句意：一些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學生放在同一個班級，因為他們認為這種同質分組是可取的。選項A符合句意。7.單選題One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he（ ）almost everyone every time wh

22、en he comes back from the big city.問題1選項A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探問, 問候；run for競選；bring up提出；take after與相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是, 他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會問候所有人。選項A符合語境。8.單選題Music is the result of thought in the form of attitude, or stance. There is no one way of thinking, si

23、nce mens values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific ways of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black mans music changed as he changed, reflecting s

24、hifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within change contexts. It is why the music changed that seems most important to me.When jazz first began to appear on the American scene during the twenties, in one form or another, it was introduced in many instances by white Americans. Yet its original co

25、nception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or empirical ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by white musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musicia

26、n was, at its most profound, a learned art.The blues, for example, which I take to be an autonomous black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white American culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However the way in which jazz utilizes the blues “attitude” provided a musical an

27、alogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent wi

28、th the making of jazz.Thus, the trumpets of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle-class boy from Lowa was an inborn intellectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the ritual of his culture. On the othe

29、r hand Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional archetype, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society; Beiderbecke, because of his isolati

30、on and deviation from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.1.Which of the following best states the underlying idea of the passage?2.With which of the following statements about the relationship between blues and jazz in A

31、merican culture would the author be most likely to agree?3.The tone of the authors discussion of the blues is primarily one of（ ） .4.According to the author, Beiderbecke and Armstrong were similar in which of the following?5.The author implies that the kinds of music produced by Beiderbecke and Arms

32、trong differ greatly because（ ） .問題1選項A.Because of environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different.B.Because it is the result of thought, the music of black artists can be learned by white musicians.C.Because jazz is primarily a musical form created on inspirati

33、on, it is difficult for one musician to copy the style of another.D.Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be underestimated.問題2選項A.Jazz placed more emphasis on Afro-American culture than did the bluesB.Jazz changed the attitudes of white musicians t

34、oward Afro-American culture.C.Jazz was based on the blues attitude, but expressed it in a manner that was comprehensible to white musicians.D.Jazz was a form of music that had to be understood in order to be played, whereas the blues had to be learned.問題3選項A.indifferenceB.appreciationC.curiosityD.un

35、certainty問題4選項A.The attitudes they brought to their music.B.Their ability to reflect other cultures in their music.C.Their relationships to the cultures of their ancestors.D.The positions they came to hold in American society.問題5選項A.the attitudes of blacks and whites as reflected in their music are

36、necessarily different.B.Beiderbeckes intellectualism hampered his development as a musician.C.rebellion acted as a destructive force on Beiderbeckes performance.D.Armstrong was well established as a performer and Beiderbecke was not【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段倒數第二句為本文的主旨句“The black m

37、ans music changed as he changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within change contexts.”黑人的音樂隨著他的改變而改變, 反映了在變化的環境中態度的轉變或態度的一致。這里的“contexts”指的是環境, 所以選項A由于環境的影響, 黑人和白人藝術家的音樂一定是非常不同的, 符合原文。2.細節事實題。根據第三段第三句“However the way in which jazz utilizes the blues “attitude” provided a mus

38、ical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music.”爵士樂運用藍調“態度”的方式提供了一個白人音樂家可以理解的音樂, 因此他可以創造出一種風格的爵士樂。選項C符合原文。3.觀點態度題。根據第三段的內容可知, 作者認為藍調是爵士樂中極為重要的一部分。由此可知, 作者的態度是支持的, 贊賞的。選項B正確。4.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“Beiderbecke and Armstrong”定位到最后一段, “The incredible irony of

39、the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society;”令人難以置信的諷刺是, 在美國社會的上層建筑中, 這兩個人所處的位置是相似的。選項D符合原文。5.細節事實題。根據第三段的最后幾句以及第四段的首句可知, Beiderbecke和Armstrong創作的音樂類型不同是因為黑人和白人對待音樂的態度是不同的, 所以選項A正確。9.單選題The （ ）of modem bridge is made of concrete or steel and covered

40、with something else.問題1選項A.archB.platformC.skeletonD.coating【答案】A【解析】arch拱形, 拱門；platform平臺, 月臺；skeleton骨架, 骨骼；coating 涂層, 包衣。句意：現代橋梁的拱是由混凝土或鋼制成的, 上面覆蓋著其他的材料。選項A符合句意。10.寫作題“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”Discuss the extent to which you agree with the opinion

41、stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from own experience, observations, or reading.【答案】Financial Gain Should Not Be the Most Important Factor in Choosing a Career11.單選題They stood at the top of the mountain and viewed the beautiful （ ） .問題1選項A.lapseB.landscapeC.layoutD.locali

42、ty【答案】B【解析】lapse小錯, 過失；landscape風景；layout布局, 設計；locality地點, 位置。句意：他們站在山頂欣賞美麗的風景。選項B符合句意。12.單選題Theres _ when we shall meet again.問題1選項A.not knowB.no knowingC.not to knowD.never knowing【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我們什么時候再見面還不知道。考查there be句型，橫線處應該填名詞，knowing是動名詞，B選項no knowing正確，A選項not know和C選項not to know錯誤。結合語境，

43、這里沒有永遠都不知道的意思，D選項never knowing錯誤。因此B選項正確。13.單選題The fireman（ ）the baby and carried him out of the burning house.問題1選項A.caught upB.seized upC.snatched upD.held up【答案】C【解析】catch up趕上；seize up中止，失靈；snatch up奪取，抓起；hold up舉起，阻擋。句意：消防隊員一把抓起孩子，把他從著火的房子里抱了出來。選項C符合語境。14.單選題The complexity of popular culture is

44、 often overlooked in our society. People express concern about the social effects of popular culturefor example, the influence of television violence on children. Yet most people look down on the study of popular culture, as if it contains nothing of significance. This contradiction makes it difficu

45、lt sometimes to investigate and discuss popular culture.As U.S. Americans, we are in a unique position in relationship to popular culture. Products of U.S. popular culture are well known and circulate widely on the international market. The popularly of U.S music stars, such as Michael Jackson and M

46、adonna, and of Hollywood films and television shows creates an uneven flow of texts between the Unites States and other nations. Scholars Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes noted the “apparent ease with which American television programs cross cultural and linguistic frontiers”. Indeed the phenomenon is so

47、 taken for granted that hardly any systematic research has been done to explain the reasons why these programs are so successful.In contrast, U.S. Americans are rarely exposed to popular culture from outside the United States. Exceptions to this largely one-way movement of popular culture include ro

48、ck stars who sing in English. Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States. The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultu

49、ral imperialism.The study of popular culture has become increasingly important in the communication field. Although intercultural communication scholars traditionally have overlooked popular culture, we believe that popular culture is a significant influence in intercultural interactions.1.“This con

50、tradiction” in paragraph 1 refers to the contradiction between （ ）.2.According to the passage, one-way movement of popular culture may lead to（ ）.3.Implied but not stated:（ ）.4.Americans depend more on U.S-produced popular culture because（ ）.5.Which of the following best expresses the authors opinio

51、n on the study of popular culture?問題1選項A.peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture and the overlook of the study of popular culture.B.the complexity of popular culture and peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture.C.the complexity of popular culture and the overlo

52、ok of the study of popular cultureD.the significance of popular culture and the study of popular culture.問題2選項A.cultural imperialismB.the popularity of rock stars who sing in EnglishC.the overlook of popular cultureD.the systematic research on popular culture問題3選項A.Popular programs have been overloo

53、kedB.Products of U.S popular culture are more widely spread in other nations than in the U.SC.Social effects of popular culture are of great importance.D.The reasons why U.S popular culture is globally successful have not been found問題4選項A.they dislike television programs of other nationsB.popular cu

54、lture from outside the United States is hardly found on the American marketC.the study of popular culture is overlookedD.U.S. popular culture is well known in the world問題5選項A.Popular culture has made a global influence in intercultural communication.B.The imbalance of popular culture is harmful to A

55、mericans.C.Intercultural researchers should pay attention to the study of popular culture.D.The international marker should not be dominated by U.S. popular culture【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.細節事實題。根據原文可知, “This contradiction”指的是上一句提到的人們表達了流行文化對社會影響的擔憂例如, 電視暴力對兒童的影響。然而, 大多數人看不起流行文化的研究, 覺得它沒有任

56、何意義。所以選項A與原文相符。2.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“one-way movement”定位到第三段最后一句“The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultural imperialism.”可知, 選項A正確。3.推理判斷題。此題可采用排除法。根據第二段的內容可知, 選項A表述錯誤；選項B在文中并沒有相關的信息表明；選項D是

57、原文內容；所以只有選項C正確。4.細節事實題。根據第三段第三句“Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States.”可知, 在美國大部分地區很難找到外國電影或電視節目。選項B符合原文。5.主旨大意題。根據最后一段的內容可知, 作者認為流行文化在跨文化交際中有著重要的影響。選項A符合原文。15.單選題If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it can

58、not be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.問題1選項A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective無效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原諒的；inexplicable費解的。句意：如果你說某件事是不可原諒的, 你是在強調它是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因為它是極其糟糕的。選項C更符合語境。16.翻譯題參與并取勝，這就是奧林匹克精神。他表現于弱者勇于向強者挑戰，也表現于強者力

59、爭取得更好的成績。勝而又勝，優而更優，這種理想一直鼓舞著運動員奮力前進。有人說競技者終宄會是失敗者，即使是最佳運動員也終將被更強者淘汰。成千上萬個失敗者才涌現一個勝利者，這個勝利者最終仍將被取代，擠出光榮榜這就是競技運動的規律。然而運動員卻從不為這種不可避免的失敗結局所沮喪，仍然力爭最佳發揮。【答案】To participate and to winthat is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever bett

60、er performance. Ever betterthe ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeatedeven the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the h