1、住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-廣東工業大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題For years Kaufer, an associate professor at U.C. Berkeley, has been working on how stress affects the brain and body, and the complexity of the（ ）instinct to fight or flee.問題1選項A.ethicalB.militaryC.politicalD.human【

2、答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項ethical表示“倫理的，道德的”；B選項military表示“軍事的，軍人的”；C選項political表示“政治的，黨派的”；D選項human表示“人的，人類的”。分析句意可知，這位副教授一直都致力于研究壓力如何影響大腦和身體，以及人類戰斗和逃跑本能的復雜性。因此human的詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為D選項。2.單選題For Tony Blair, the outside world is a place of moral certainty. There are good guys and bad guys, and what nee

3、ds to be done is pretty clear. Home, by contrast, is a messy sort of place, where the prime ministers job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit better. So, if, as Britain dispatches 1,700 marines to help finish off the bad gu

4、ys in Afghanistan, Mr. Blair cuts a more impressive figure abroad than he does at home, it is not surprising. Mr. Blairs government is at that dangerous stage.The gloss of last years landslide（政黨候選人的勝利）has worn off; the next election is too far away to foster unity among the Labor Party and its alli

5、es; fighting the battles that need to be fought seems like hard work. No wonder Mr. Blair is not looking so steady. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most is the public services. Mr. Blair faces a difficulty here which is partly of his own making. By focusing his last electio

6、n campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. And he has been admirably frank about how that improvement needs to be achieved. A lazier and more cynical prime minister might have blamed past failure on Tory underfunding, thrown some more mone

7、y at the relevant ministries and hoped for the best. Mr. Blair has said many times those reforms in the way the public services work need to go alongside increases in cash. The trouble is that public services are, for the most part, peopleteachers, doctors, nurses, policemenso reforming them means c

8、hanging working practices. People dont much like having new ways of working forced on them, and their unions see resisting change as their raison detre（存在的目的或理由）.So the hardest part of the governments task is getting the unions to agree to change.Mr. Blair has made his task harder by committing a cl

9、assic negotiation error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to higher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the unions.Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On M

10、arch 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering staff in new privately funded hospitals working for the National Health Service will still be government employees, entitled to the same pay and conditions as other health service workers. Since one of the main ways in w

11、hich the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private providers, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be able to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move seems to undermine the governments strategy.1. As is described in the first paragrap

12、h, Tony Blairs government is strikingly characterized by（ ）.2. The Blairs government is looking so uncertain in the area which（ ）.3. Mr. Blairs achievements on reforms（ ）.4. Strong opposition is leveled against Mr. Blairs strategy because the government（ ）.5. At the time when the article was written

13、, the situation in Britains public services seems to be（ ）.問題1選項A.prompt fulfillment of its promisesB.timely coordination with other departmentsC.dedication to the efficiency of administrationD.involvement in a dangerous stage問題2選項A.underlies the government strategyB.matters most to votersC.welcomes

14、 easy concessionsD.entitles workers to pensions問題3選項A.meet the expectations of government employeesB.fail to live up to his remarks on electionC.goes against the interests of the populaceD.neglects the section of public services問題4選項A.wants to take advantage of private providersB.pledges itself to h

15、igher spending on health careC.asserts its absolute control of the nationD.hopes to change working practices問題5選項A.quite encouragingB.very impressiveC.rather bleakD.fairly promising【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一段最后一句提到“布萊爾先生的政府處在危險中”（Mr. Blairs government is at that dangerous stage）,因

16、此選項D符合題意。2.細節事實題。文章第二段第二句提到“布萊爾先生看起來并沒有想象中穩定，而這種不穩定主要是在公共服務中”（No wonder Mr. Blair is not looking so steady. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most is the public services），因此選項B符合題意。3.細節事實題。文章第二段提到布萊爾在選舉中將問題聚焦在提高醫院、學校、交通和政策上，為政府成員建立其期望。他的這種想法被其他人贊賞。（By focusing his last electi

17、on campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations），因此選項A符合題意。4.細節事實題。文章第二段提到改革意味著改變工作實踐,因此在改革這些公共服務人群的工作過程中會比較麻煩（the trouble is that public services are, for the most part, people teachers, doctors, nurses, policemen so reforming them means chang

18、ing working practices），選項D符合題意。5.推理判斷題。從全文可以看出，英國當時的公共服務是有待改革的，因此選項C符合題意。3.單選題After a whole days heavy work，the old worker returned home,（ ）.問題1選項A.hungry and felt exhaustingB.hunger and exhaustedC.hungry and having been exhaustedD.hungry and exhausted【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞作狀語。題干的主語是the old worker,空格處填兩個形容詞

19、來修飾主語。根據前一句“在一天的勞累工作之后”可知這個老工人是饑餓并且疲憊的。exhausting 使筋疲力盡的；exhausted疲憊的。故D項正確。句意：在經歷一天的勞累工作后，這個老工人帶著饑餓和疲憊回家了。4.單選題The first drought-tolerant genetically（ ）maize is expected to be grown on the African continent in 2017, according to a recent report.問題1選項A.measuredB.determinedC.transferredD.modified【答案】

20、D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。measured量過的，慎重的；determined堅決的；transferred轉移的，轉讓的；modified改良的，改進的。耐旱的玉米品種應該是經過了基因改良，故D項正確。句意：根據最近一項報告，第一批耐旱的基因改良了的玉米將在2017年被種植到非常大陸上。5.單選題Even though Cochran beat McDaniel by more 6,000 votes in the national election, the latter didnt（ ）, complaining that African Americans voting for Coc

21、hran lost him the race.問題1選項A.tangleB.concedeC.tormentD.stalk【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項tangle表示“（和）爭吵；打架；使纏結在一起”；B選項concede表示“讓步，承認，退讓”；C選項torment表示“折磨，痛苦，捉弄”；D選項stalk表示“追蹤，偷偷接近”。根據even though可判斷前后兩句為讓步關系，由后文“complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race”可知，McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美國人投票給C

22、ochran才導致他輸掉了競選，說明他依然對這件事耿耿于懷，可見他并不承認失敗。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。6.單選題No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of menta

23、l slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to

24、find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised ev

25、en persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side, i

26、f she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she

27、feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind

28、. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter a

29、nd dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it

30、 might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profes

31、s.1. According to the author, it is always advisable to（ ）.32. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）.3. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?4. According to the author, the person who -holds orthodox beliefs without

32、examination maybe described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?問題1選項A.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagreesB.adopt the poi

33、nt of view to which one feels the most inclinationC.have opinions which cannot be refutedD.suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches問題2選項A.acceptance of truthB.controversy over principlesC.inordinate enthusiasmD.a dread of heterodox speculation問題3選項A.Most educated people study

34、 both sides of a question.B.The majority of those who argue eloquently truly know only one side of an issue.C.In debatable issues, we should rely on the opinions of the experts for guidance.D.Heterodox speculation will lead to many unnecessary errors of thinking.問題4選項A.enslaved by traditionB.less th

35、an folly rationalC.having a closed mindD.determined on controversy問題5選項A.A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.C.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflectionD.excessive controversy prevents cle

36、ar thinking.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:B第4題:D第5題:D【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She mu

37、st know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. 這不是公正對待這些論點的方法，也不是

38、讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點的人的聲音，那些真誠地為這些論點辯護的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點辯護的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認識這些問題:她必須感受到對問題的真實看法所必須面對和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠無法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個困難。據此可知作者認為如果一個人只知道自己的觀點而不關心對立觀點，不傾聽對立觀點的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點。故A項正確。2.判斷推理題。由第二段“There have bee

39、n and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slaveryWhere there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally h

40、igh scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. 在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經有，而且可能會再次出現偉大的個人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠不會有一個思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對那些可以占據人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發現使某些歷史時期如此非凡的普遍的大規模精神活動?！蔽乃噺团d是屬于思想活動的頂峰，必然會討論原則問題。所以B項正確。3.細節事實題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nine in a hun

41、dred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and

42、 considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態;甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點辯護的人。他們的結論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過這些人可能會說些什么;所以結果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義

43、?！庇纱丝芍狝項與之相反，B項與之相符，故B項正確。CD兩項文中沒有提及。4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經檢驗的正統信仰的人沒有以下哪項特征。A項：為傳統所奴役；B項： 不怎么理智；C項：頭腦閉塞；D項：對辯論是堅決的。一般來說，持有未經檢驗的正統信仰的人不會獨立思考，更不會懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項都是這種人的特點。5.判斷推理題。A項“ 一個真正的思想家不犯錯誤”；B項“對公認觀點的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供。”C項“智力成就的時期是非正統思考的時期”； D項“ 過度的辯論會制止清晰的思考?！庇傻诙慰芍獨v史上思想活動的頂峰時期如文藝復興時期，各大學派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使

44、文藝復興成為文化運動的頂峰。故C項“智力成就的時期是非正統思考的時期”正確。7.單選題Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we ea

45、t. Heat, too3 makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft

46、, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem”. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has

47、been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo f

48、lights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working

49、 in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found, so far.1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that（ ）.2. We know from the passage that（ ）.3. The harm radiation, has clone to the Apoll

50、o crew members（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.5. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.問題1選項A.it protects him against the harmful rays from spaceB.it provides sufficient light for plant growthC.it supplies the heat necessary for human survivalD.it screens off the falling met

51、eors問題2選項A.exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatalB.the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in comingC.radiation is avoidable in space explorationD.astronauts in spacesuits neednt worry about radiation damage問題3選項A.is significantB.seems overestimatedC.is enormousD.remains unknown問題4選

52、項A.the Apollo mission was very successfulB.protection from space radiation is no easy jobC.astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildrenD.radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers問題5選項A.The Atmosphere and Our EnvironmentB.Research on RadiationC.Effects of Space RadiationD

53、.Importance of Protection Against Radiation【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.判斷推理題。The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the

54、atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. 大氣層再次成為我們在地球上的保護層。各種光線通過空氣來自外太空,但大量的來自太陽的輻射被屏蔽掉。一旦人類離開大氣層就會暴露在輻射里，但是他們的宇航服或者飛船的艙壁（如果他們是在飛船內的話）確實會避免許多輻射的危害。據此可知大氣層保護人類免受有害光線的影響。A項正確。2.判斷推理題。

55、根據文中第二段“The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage. A person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. 問題是，很難確定輻射的危害。一個人在受到輻射后感覺良好，但他

56、或她的性器官細胞可能會受到損傷，而這要等到畸胎兒甚至孫輩出生后才能發現。據此可知輻射對人的危害不會立馬表現出來，而要過很長時間才能體現。故B項正確。A項“暴露在極小的輻射中也是致命的”與原文“Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. 科學家們有理由相信，一個人可以忍受遠遠超過0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害;60雷姆的數字已經達成一致

57、。”不符。C項“在太空探索時輻射是可以避免的”說法錯誤。D項“穿太空服的宇航員不用擔心輻射危害” 與 As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. 一旦人們離開大氣層，他們就會暴露在這種輻射下，但是如果他們在飛船里，他們的宇航服或太空船的墻壁，確實防止了大量的輻射損傷。不符。故

58、A項正確。3.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. 阿波羅的飛行任務需要穿越大量的雷姆輻射帶。到目前為止，沒有危險的輻射量的報告，但阿波羅任務是相當短的?！笨芍⒉_宇航員是否受到輻射危害的影響還不得而知。故D項正確。4.判斷推理題。根據

59、最后一句Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found, so far. 藥物可能有助于減少輻射造成的傷害，但迄今為止還沒有發現真正有效的藥物?？芍乐固蛰椛洳皇且患菀椎氖?。B項正確。5.主旨大意題。本文首先介紹了大氣層對人類的重要性，接著講述了太空輻射的影響，最后表明目前還沒有發現真正有效能阻擋輻射的方法。故C項“太空輻射的影響”正確。8.單選題To reduce the financial pressure facing the

60、 company, its management has decided on（ ）expenditure cuts.問題1選項A.modestB.sweepingC.tangibleD.considerate【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。modest謙虛的；sweeping大規模的；tangible有形的，切實的；considerate體貼的，大量的。由前半句的financial pressure可知公司會削減開支。故B項符合句意。句意：為了減小公司面臨的財務壓力,其管理層決定大規模地削減開支。9.單選題Since 1813, reaction to Jane Austens novel