1、SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmericaspopulation1,homelessness.hasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscanpossiblyt2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefed

2、eralgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalgovernmentstudies9thatthen

3、umberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemist

4、hatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddress

5、themanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatsneededisapackagedeal.”1.AIndeedBLikewiseCThereforeDFurthermore2.AstandBcopeCapproveDretain3.AinBforCwithDtoward4.AraiseBaddCtakeDkeep5.AGenerallyBAlmostCHardlyDN

6、ot6.AcoverBchangeCrangeDdiffer7.ANowthatBAlthoughCProvidedDExceptthat8.AinflatingBexpandingCincreasingDextending9.ApredictsBdisplaysCprovesDdiscovers10.AassistBtrackCsustainDdismiss11.AHenceBButCEvenDOnly12.AlodgingBshelterCdwellingDhouse13.AsearchingBstrollingCcrowdingDwandering14.AwhenBonceCwhileD

7、whereas15.AlifeBexistenceCsurvivalDmaintenance16.AaroundBoverConDup17.AcomplexBcomprehensiveCcomplementaryDcompensating18.ASoBSinceCAsDThus19.AputsBinterpretsCassumesDmakes20.AsupervisionBmanipulationCregulationDcoordination精選SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Ans

8、werthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSNEET1.(40points)Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularcul

9、ture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocratica

10、ct.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattodaysimmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoass

11、imilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilationlanguage,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimm

12、igrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglishwellorverywellaftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlangu

13、ages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hi

14、spanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenationsassimilativepower.”Aretheredi

15、visiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmericasturbulentpast,todayssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.21.Theword“homogenizing(Paragraph”1)mostprobablymeans_Aidentifying.Bassociating.Cassi

16、milating.Dmonopolizing.22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury_精選playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture.becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers.satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S._areresistanttoh

17、omogenization.exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture.arehardlyathreattothecommonculture.constitutethemajorityofthepopulation.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.Torevealthepublicsfearofimmigrants.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.Tosho

18、wthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.Intheauthorsopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis_Arewarding.Bsuccessful.Cfruitless.Dharmful.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedga

19、ps.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williamsastateauditorearning$35,000ayear,

20、lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“FunwhichCard,when”usedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheusergambling

21、sactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecamewhathecalls“electronicheroin.”(41).In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingt

22、hatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliamssgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliamssThegamblingcasinoprobinclem.udedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ce

23、aseadmissions”Notingthe“medical/psychologicalnature”ofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.(42).TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasi

24、nohas24signswarning“Enjoythefunand精選alwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.NeverthelessWilliamsssuitchargethatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“l(fā)ure”himto“engageinconductaga

25、insthiswill”.Well.(43).ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthethrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.(44).Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhaton

26、cewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.(45).Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependentonyoumightsayaddictedtorevenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionf

27、orgamblersdollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWebmostsprofitablebusiness.AAlthoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasinomarketingsdepartmentco

28、ntinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.Ga

29、mblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.EDavidWilliamsssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdontbetonit.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedical

30、izingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoin

31、gso?PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldp

32、artofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleoftheintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerican,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.精選First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?(46)Ishalldefinehimasan

33、individualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(蘇格拉底的)wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactual

34、andmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectualstheaveragescientist,forone.(48)Ihaveexclud

35、edhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheevery-dayperformanceofhisroutinedutiesheisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.(49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusin