1、第二部分 閱讀理解第一節 閱讀理解專題六 猜測詞義高考英語 北京專用解猜測詞義題的方法有很多,如利用上下文的同義詞或反義詞、釋義、例子、邏輯關系以及句子結構等。無論使用哪種方法考生都需清楚以下幾點:1.一道猜測詞義題未必只對應一種方法,利用上下文語境選取一個或幾個解題方法是做題的關鍵,有時可以用構詞法或代入法輔助確認所選答案是否合理;2.猜測詞義題的目的不是檢驗考生對某個詞語的認知,重要的是搞清楚它所處的句子要表達什么意思;3.不要只關注被猜測的詞語所在的半句話或一句話,要以此句為中心,前后看一至兩句,有的時候甚至要弄清楚整段話的主旨。方法技巧一、猜測單詞或短語例1Which of the f

2、ollowing best explains“dominant”underlined in para-graph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced. C.Powerful.D.Modern.(原文) Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farm-ers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In re-cent centuries, trade, industrialisation, t

3、he development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and bet-ter communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.分析解此

4、題的關鍵在于利用前后兩個分句的邏輯關系和such as后面的例子,前面主要闡述了近些年全球化等因素造成很多語言消失,dominant前的and表示遞進或順承,所以我們可以推測and后面告訴了我們dominant languages取代那些消失了的語言,為什么dominant languages就能取代那些消失了的語言呢?我們看such as后面舉出的語言就會發現,說英語、西班牙語和中文的人數量是非常多的,所以我們可以推斷,一些“占優勢的、強大的”語言由于全球化等因素的影響越來越流行,那么有些不占優勢的、說的人少的語言就會慢慢消失,因此選擇C項。例2The underlined phrase “

5、converge on” in Paragraph 3 probably means.A.tend towardsB.refer toC.turn intoD.put forward(原文) The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom, and that a number of non-human animals produce what can rightly be called mu-sic, rather than random sounds. Recent in-depth analyses

6、of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. 分析此題需要抓住全段主旨

7、,并且梳理出段中句與句之間的邏輯關系。本段的主旨句是第一句,在主旨句中強調了動物和人類一樣都是可以創造出優美的音樂的。后面的句子是對主旨句的進一步闡述,在意思上是一致的,既然主旨句強調不是只有人類才能創造出音樂,動物也可以,那我們就可以推測converge on后面的the same choices和the same laws of song com-position指動物和人類在創造音樂時有很多共同點,那么動物就應該“傾向于”做出同樣的選擇,所以選擇A項。例3The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means. A

8、.avoidB.practice C.continueD.try(原文) For the study, 12 young men were shown videos, which meant to bring about a variety of emotions, while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinki

9、ng or eating smelly foods during the study period. 分析此題需要考生利用最后一句前后兩個分句的邏輯關系解題,前半句提到所有人都是健康的并且不吸毒、不吸煙,那么and后面就應該在意思上與前半句一致,因此可以判斷出后半句中的喝酒或吃有臭味的東西也是不可以的,故選擇A項。二、猜測代詞例1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Not eating food.B.Taking a meal.C.Not sleeping well.D.Having a good sleep

10、.(原文) According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is impor-tant for getting a good nights sleep. The time gap between eating and sleep-ing should be at least three hours. So youd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during slee

11、p and help min-imize damage from too much sugar floating around.分析解決此題首先要從So開始將整句話理解透徹,其次要把握這句話主從句的邏輯關系。逗號前提出建議,建議最好在睡覺前三個小時不要吃東西,逗號后面是as引導的原因狀語從句,解釋提出建議的原因,建議的核心部分是“avoid eating any food three hours before bed”,it指代的就是這部分,所以選擇A項。例2In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind.” (Para.1),

12、 “this” refers to .A.abolishing war B.improving weaponsC.solving international problems D.living a peaceful life(原文) Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient insti-tution, which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but i

13、n the past the human race managed to live with it. Mod-ern inventiveness has changed this. Either man will end war, or war will end man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological(細菌的) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater thr

14、eat. If we succeed in ending nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international disputes(爭端) in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is

15、 most skillful in killing people. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.分析此題首先可以確定的是答案的尋找范圍,其范圍應該就是前一句話。我們根據下劃線前兩句話:If we succeed in ending nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in end-ing war.可以看出停止戰爭才

16、是最終目標,這也與文章的第一句話呼應,所以To do this中的this指的就是ending war,這與A項意思一致。三、猜測句子例1What does the underlined part probably mean?A.Rocket scientists can ensure CNN works properly. B.Most of the viewers dont like to watch the news at work.C.Its necessary to understand when people watch the news.D.Its easy to know pe

17、ople neednt watch the news all the time.(原文)Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news busi-ness, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch the news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN. Turners solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a

18、 day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it doesnt take a rocket scien-tist to understand that viewers dont have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work. Viewers just have

19、 to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future. 分析解此題需要將有下劃線的句子與其后面的一句話聯系在一起理解。后面的句子闡述了一個事實觀眾只在想獲取信息時才會去看新聞,不必全天都看新聞節目,這個道理很簡單,

20、大家都明白,不需要像火箭科學家那么聰明。其實加下劃線的句子按照字面意思理解沒有太大障礙,但是如果單看此句有些考生可能會感到困惑,因為此段一直在說建立新聞頻道的事情,突然提到火箭專家會讓一些人誤以為有特殊含義,如果結合后面一句話來理解,就會明白此處想表達的就是人們不必一直看新聞節目的道理是顯而易見的,所以選擇D項。例2By mentioning the underlined part in the last paragraph, Mr. Rosemond .A.blames parents for ignoring childrens rightsB.reminds parents to com

21、municate more with childrenC.encourages parents to involve children more in family affairs D.explains how previous generations of parents raised children(原文) Mr. Rosemond tracks the overturning of traditional family values to the end of the Second World War. He blames the change of the American family into a child-centered, self-respect-oriented (以為導向的) unit on psychologists and social workers, wh