1、國際會計試卷33一、Definnitionn（名詞解釋釋:Eachh of tthe foollowiing foor 3 ppointss, tottal 122 poinnts）1.Foreiign exxchangge expposuree外匯風險2.Forwaard coontracct期貨契約約 遠期合同同3. An iindireect fooreignn currrency quotee 間接外匯匯報價4. Inteernatiional Accouuntingg國際會計二、Singlle chooice qquestiion (單單項選擇題：Each of thhe folll

2、owinng queestionn for 2 poiints, totall 10 ppointss)1. Whicch of the ffollowwing iis nott an eenviroonmenttal faactor affeccting accouuntingg?以下哪一一個不是環境境因素影響會會計嗎?A.Levell of eenforccementt of rregulaationssB.Natuure off capiital mmarkettsC.Typee of llegal systeemD.LangguageE.Levell of iinflattion2.

3、Whicch of the ffollowwing ddoes nnot afffect a couuntrys finnanciaal acccountiing orrientaation?下列哪項不不影響一個國國家的財務會會計取向?A.The llevel of innflatiion.B.Polittical and eeconommic tiies wiith otther ccountrries.C.Statuus of the aaccounnting profeessionn.D.Qualiity off accoountinng eduucatioon.E.All oof th

4、ee abovve afffect aa counntryss finaanciall accoountinng oriientattion.3. Currrent pproponnents of haarmoniizing accouuntingg stanndardss globbally are目前前全球協調的的支持者會計計準則A.Inveestorss.B.Multtinatiional compaanies.C.The securritiess induustry and sstock exchaanges.D.Deveelopinng couuntriees.E.All oof t

5、hee abovve.4. The curreency iin whiich thhe parrent ccompanny preeparess its finanncial stateementss is tthe貨幣的的母公司8的的財務報表A.base curreency.B.funcctionaal currrencyy.C.histtoricaal currrencyy.D.reporrting curreency.E.None of thhem5. Undeer thee moneetary/non-mmonetaary meethod of fooreignn currrency

6、transslatioon, deepreciiationn expeense iis traanslatted att the:貨幣/非貨貨幣性方法下下的外幣翻譯譯、折舊費用用是):A.Currrent rrateB.Weigghted averaage raateC.Histtoricaal ratteD.spot rateE.None of thhe aboove三、Multiiple cchoicee quesstionss (多項選選擇題：Eaach off the folloowing questtion ffor 3 pointts, tootal 115 poiints)1.

7、Majoor Chaallengges Faacing Accouuntingg Globbally會會計所面臨的的挑戰主要全全球A.Gllobal HarmoonizattionB.Qualiity off Finaanciall Repoortingg in DDevelooped aand Emmerginng Ecoonomiccs C.Sociaal andd Enviironmeental ReporrtingD.Finanncial Reporrting in thhe Higgh Tecchnoloogy ErraE.Revieew of Seleccted CClassiif

8、icattion SStudiees2. Inteeractiion beetweenn Accoountinng andd its Envirronmennt maiinly iincluddes thhe fowwllowiing asspectss:會計和它它的環境的相相互作用主要要體現在foowllowwing方面面:A.Naturre of Capittal Maarketss and Type of Reeportiing ReegimeB.Type of Buusinesss Enttitiess and Type of Leegal SSystemmC.Levell of EE

9、nforccementt of RRegulaationss and Levell of IInflattionD.Polittical and EEconommic Tiies annd Staatus oof thee Accoountinng ProofessiionE. Exisstencee of aa Concceptuaal Fraameworrk andd Quallity oof Acccountiing EdducatiionVoluntaary diisclossures by MNNEs arre inffluencced byy 通過主動動批示受跨國國企業A. siz

10、ze.B. intternattionall listting sstatuss.C. couuntry of orrigin.D. inddustryy.E Langguage4. Addiitionaal Isssues iin Intternattionall Finaanciall Stattementt Anallysis incluude thhe folllowinng:另外的的問題,在國國際財務報表表分析如左:Availabbilityy of DDataReliabiility of DaataTimelinness oof DattaLanguagge, Teerminoo

11、logy and FFormattE. Nonee of tthem5. Inveestorss are conceerned aboutt投資者關心心的是A. up-tto-datte meaasuremments of eaarninggsB. lackk of ccomparrabiliity off MNEssC. the inforrmatioonal ccontennt of MNE rreporttsD. GooddwillE None of thhem四、Essayy quesstionss (簡答題題：Eachh of tthe foollowiing quuestioons

12、 foor 8 ppointss, tottal 166 poinnts。)1. Costt conssideraationss and the nneed tto tapp capiital pprovidders iinseveeral ccountrries ssometiimes rresultt in ccpmaniies prrepariing unniverssal raather than counttry-sppecifiic seccondarry staatemennts. IIf youu weree anallyzingg a unniverssal seeconda

13、ary sttatemeent off a fooreignn comppany, what mightt be ssome oof youur conncernss befoore maaking an innvestmment ddecisiion? HHow woould yyou geet thee answwers yyou neeed?成本本的考慮和需需要去利用資資本提供者iinseveeral國家家在某個時候候導致cpmmaniess準備普遍而而不是國家二二級報表。如如果你是一個個普遍的次要要的陳述分析析外資公司,可能是一些些你的擔憂之之后方可投資資決定嗎?你你如何得到答答案,你

14、需要要什么?2. Whatt is tthe Roole off Finaanciall Repoortingg in EEmergiing Caapitall Markkets?的的角色是什么么新興資本市市場財務報告告嗎?五、Interrnatioonal AAccounnting Practtices (國際會計計實務：Tootal ffor 122 poinnts)Latechooc (Swwitzerrland) comppany bbegan its ffirst year of buusinesss on Jan 11, 20008. Beelow iis thee comppan

15、yss stattementt of iincomee for the yyear.LLatechhoc(瑞士士)公司開始始了它的第一一次多年的經經營在今年11月1日起,。以下是該該公司的聲明明的生活一年年。LatechoocStatemeent off incoome (iin milllionss of SSwiss franccs)Year ennd Deccemberr 31, 2008Net Salles 7,8200Cost off goodds solld (4,000)Sellingg, genneral and aadminiistrattive (8850)Rent (40

16、0)Advertiising (1500)Equipmeent deepreciiationn (1,250)Interesst exppense (990)Utilitiies (30)Federall incoome taaxes (655)Net opeeratinng inccome 985Assume that equippment was aacquirred att the beginnning of thhe yeaar andd the net mmonetaary gaain foor thee yearr was 480 (in miillionns of Swisss

17、franncs). What is thhe commpanys adjjustedd GPLAA net incomme forr the year endinng Deccemberr 31, 2008?假設設備是是這樣獲得的的:在今年年年初,凈貨幣幣的升幅,一一年480(數以百萬計計的瑞士法郎郎)。貴公司司調整GPLLA凈收入止止年度20008年12月月31日?What iss the compaays GPLLA-bassed neet inccome ffor thhe yeaar endding DDecembber 311, 20008?什么是是企業GPLLA-bassed凈收入

18、入止年度20008年122月31日?六、Case analyysis (案例分析題題：Thiss secttion ffor 355 poinnts)Tech coorporaate off USA is a manuffacturrer off skattes shhore ffor ennthusiiasts of alll agees. Duurign the llast ffive yyears,the ccost oof raww mateerialss and laborr havee conttinuedd to rrise iin thee firmms U.SS manuuf

19、actuuring facillity. As a resullt, thhe CEOO of TTech ccorporrate iis connsiderring eestabllishinng a nnew maanufaccturinng subbsidiaary ovverseaas to take advanntage of loower pproducction costss elseewheree. Invvestmeent addvisorrs to the CCEO haave suuggestted Maalaysiia andd Thaiiland as twwo po

20、sssiblee locaationss. Bellow iss the subsiidiaryys exppectedd afteer-taxx cashh flowws willl be in riinggitts or bath, the ccompanny antticipaates ssome UU.S doollar-denomminateed exppensess.美國的科科技公司是一一家專業生產產的冰鞋古堡堡區和愛好者者的青睞。過過去的五年里里,Duriign原材料料的價格持續續增加與勞動動在公司的你你S制造點。因因此,該公司司的首席執行行官的高科技技公司正在考考慮建立新的的生

21、產子公司司海外利用降降低生產成本本的地方。投投資顧問向總總裁,馬來西西亞和泰國的的建議可能有有兩種不同的的地點。以下下是該子公司司的稅后現金金流量預期將將在ringggits或或浴,公司期期望有些看. S美元的的費用。Blades Malayysia iin milllionss20032004200520062007MR cashh infllows3500400055004800MR cashh outfflows1500020009007001000US$cashh outfflows20015012575Blades Thailland iin milllionss2003200420

22、0520062007TB cashh flowws25000225002300024800TB cashh outfflows350002000220019003000US$cashh outfflows125175200noneAdditioonal iinformmationn:Exchangge rattes foor 20003 aree 3.8 Malayysian ringggit(MRR)=US$1 andd 39.55 Thaii bathh (TB)=US$11. It is exxpecteed thaat thee Malaaysiann ringggit wwill d

23、deprecciate 3 perrcent a yeaar agaainst the ddollarr and the TThai bbath wwill aapprecciate 4 perrcent a yeaar agaainst the ddollarr.Techh corpporatees aveerage cost of caapitall for both projeects iis 12%.The 12% oof Preesent valuee facttor:200320042005200620071.0000.89290.79720.71180.6355Requireem

24、entss:Determiine thhe nett pressent vvalue of booth prrojectts確定凈現現值兩者的項項目If you were Tech corpoorates invvestmeent addvisorr, whiich laacatioon wouuld chhoose for nnew suubsidiiary? Why?如如果你是科技技企業投資顧顧問,為新子子公司地理位位置會選擇嗎嗎?為什么?國際會計試卷33 答案及評評分標準 一、Definnitionn（名詞解釋釋:Eachh of tthe foollowiing foor 3 ppoi

25、ntss, tottal 122 poinnts）1.Foreiign exxchangge expposuree: Forreign exchaange eexposuure iss a meeasuree of tthe pootentiial foor a ffirms proofitabbilityy, cassh floow, annd marrtket valuee to cchangee due to a changge in exchaange rrates.2.Forwaard coontracct is a commmitmeent too exchhange curree

26、nciess in tthe fuuture at a rate that is seet todday. WWhile the aamountt of tthe trransacction, the maturrity ddate, and tthe exxchangge ratte aree all deterrminedd in aadvancce. noo moneey chaanges handss untiil thee setttlemennt datte.3. An iindireect fooreignn currrency quotee : An indirrect ffo

27、reiggn currrencyy quotte reppresennts hoow mucch of the fforeiggn currrencyy can be puurchassed foor onee unitt of tthe doomestiic currrencyy.4.Interrnatioonal AAccounnting The ddefiniition incluudes (1) innternaationaal traansacttions (2) ccomparrativee GAAPP (3) harmoonizattion aand (44) conntrol

28、of gllobal operaationss. Intternattionall accoountinng enccompassses aall maajor aareas of acccountting二、Singlle chooice qquestiion (單單項選擇題：Each of thhe folllowinng queestionn for 2 poiints, totall 10 ppointss)1.D 2.EE 3.E 4.D 55.C三、Multiiple cchoicee quesstionss (多項選選擇題：Eaach off the folloowing que

29、sttion ffor 3 pointts, tootal 115 poiints)1.ABCD 2.ABCCDE 3.ABCD 4.ABCCD 5.AABC四、Essayy quesstionss (簡答題題：Eachh of tthe foollowiing quuestioon forr 8 pooints, totaal 16 pointts.)1. Costt conssideraationss and the nneed tto tapp capiital pprovidders iinseveeral ccountrries ssometiimes rresultt in ccp

30、maniies prrepariing unniverssal raather than counttry-sppecifiic seccondarry staatemennts. IIf youu weree anallyzingg a unniverssal seecondaary sttatemeent off a fooreignn comppany, what mightt be ssome oof youur conncernss befoore maaking an innvestmment ddecisiion? HHow woould yyou geet thee answw

31、ers yyou neeed?Suggestted soolutioon:.Coompaniies thhat prreparee univversall secoondaryy stattementts oftten usse Intternattionall Accoountinng Staandardds. TThere is reesearcch eviidencee thatt sugggests that theree are potenntial probllems wwith ffinanccial sstatemments that are ppurporrtedlyy pr

32、eppared usingg IASss. Hiistoriicallyy, theere haas beeen a ccomparrabiliity prroblemm sincce IASSs werre ratther bbroad and aalloweed commpaniees thee choiice off seveeral aaccounnting treattmentss on vvariouus iteems. Suppoorterss of ggloball harmmonizaation arguee thatt thiss probblem hhas beeen a

33、dddresssed viia thee tighhteninng of standdards throuugh thhe IASSCs CComparrabiliity Prrojectt. Hooweverr, theere iss stilll thee mattter off whetther ccompannies tthat cclaim to coomply with IASs actuaally ddo. SSeveraal reccent sstudiees havve shoown thhat thhis iss not the ccase. Thiss raisses q

34、uuestioons ass to tthe reeliabiility and ccomparrabiliity off univversall secoondaryy stattementts preeparedd usinng IASSs.2. Whatt is tthe Roole off Finaanciall Repoortingg in EEmergiing Caapitall Markkets?(1). Beefore ECM ccan fuunctioon efffectivvely, it iss esseentiall to hhave iin plaace a set

35、oof corrporatte repportinng polliciess and proceeduress gearred toowardss suppplyingg the inforrmatioon neccessarry forr makiing innvestmment ddecisiions. Accouuntingg infoormatiion iss an eessenttial ffor buuildinng effficiennt finnanciaal marrkets. (2). Deevelopping aan efffectivve acccountiing an

36、nd audditingg proffessioon is essenntial for bbuildiing effficieent fiinanciial maarketss. Thee accoountinng andd legaal inffrastrructurre undderlyiing ann ECM was aa majoor facctor ffor evvaluatting tthe innvestmment ppotenttial oof thee markket. (3). Fiinanciial reeportiing iss centtral tto reggul

37、atiions ppertinnent tto esttablisshing an acctive markeet forr corpporatee secuuritiees.五、Interrnatioonal AAccounnting Practtices (國際會計計實務：Tootal ffor 122 poinnts)Latechooc (Swwitzerrland): Historrical AAdjusttment P-L-A CCost Ratioo BaasisNet Salles 7,8200 108/105 88,043Cost off goodds solld (4,000

38、0) 1088/105 (4,1114)Sellingg, genneral and aadminiistrattive (8550) 1088/105 (874)Rent (400) 1088/105 (4111)Advertiising (150) 1008/1055 (1154)Equipmeent deepreciiationn (1,2250) 1088/100 (1,3550)Interesst exppense (90) 1008/1055 (933)Utilitiies (30) 1008/1055 (311)Federall incoome taaxes (65) 1088/

39、105 (67)Net opeeratinng inccome 985949Add: Neet monnetaryy gainn 480P-L-A nnet inncome 1,4299六、Case analyysis (案例分析題題：Thiss secttion ffor 355 poinnts)Solutioon forr casee anallysis Tech corpoorate1. Bladdes Maalaysiia nett pressent vvalue (Ringgers iin milllionss of $): 20003 2004 2005 2006 2007Net

40、MR cash flow (155,000)1,5000 3,1000 4,8000 3,8000Fixed rrate MMR/$ 3.8 3.9144 4.0331 4.1152 4.277Dollar valuee (33,947) 383 769 1,156 8888Less $ outfllows _ (2000) (1500) (125) (75)Net $ fflows (3,9477) 1883 6119 1,0311 81312%Pvfaacto 1.0000 .89299 .79722 .77118 .63355PV of $ floww (33,947) 1663 493

41、 734 517Projectt NPV = $(22,040)Blades Thailland nnet prresentt valuue (Thhai Baath inn milllions of $): 20003 20004 20005 20006 2007Net TB cash flow (335,0000) 23,000 20,300 21,100 21,8800Fixed rrate TTB/$ 39.5 37.992 36.4003 34.947 33.549Dollar valuee (8866) 6607 5558 6004 6500Less $ outfllows _ (

42、1255) (1175) (2200) _Net $ fflows (8866) 4482 383 404 650012%Pvfaactor 11.000 .88929 .79722 .71118 .63555PV of $ floww (886) 4430 305 288 4133Projectt NPV = $5550 2. As TTech CCorporrationns innvestmment aadvisoor, yoou shoould cchoosee the Thailland llocatiion siince iit hass a poositivve nett pres

43、sent vvalue.國際會計試卷44 QUESTIOON 1(20 MMarks)In the 13th andd 14thh centturiess, douuble-eentry bookkkeepinng sprread rrapidlly thrroughoout thhe wesstern worldd.Whatt sociial, eeconommic annd polliticaal connditioons weere neecessaary foor widdespreead addoptioon of doublle-enttry boookkeeeping to oc

44、ccur aat thaat timme?Howw is tthis aan exaample of thhe intternattionallisatiion off accoountinng?公元113、14世世紀,雙式簿簿記整個西方方世界迅速傳傳播開來什麼麼樣的社會、經經濟和政治條條件是必需的的,為了廣泛泛的采用雙式式簿記發生嗎嗎? 這是怎怎樣的一個實實例的國際化化的會計嗎?Necessaary coonditiions (16 maarks ttotal): - Rapidd growwth off tradde andd commmerceThose ttravellling to

45、thhe Holly Lannd forr the crusaades ffrom WWesterrn Eurrope iinevittably passeed thrrough the ccity sstatess of NNortheern Ittaly.Genoa wwas att the peak of itts powwer annd inffluencce as a traading centrre in the 114th cenntury.In 12522, thee goldd coinn knowwn as the fflorinn was develloped in Fl

46、lorencce andd it bbecamee acceepted as thhe staandardd goldd piecce in all oof Wesstern Europpe.Around this time in Fllorencce, laarge aassociiationns or compaagnie (parttnershhips) were formeed to pool capittal, ffirst from insidde fammily ggroupss thenn fromm outsside.Communee of GGenoa (Goveernme

47、nnt) inn 13277 requuired that goverrnmentt accoounts had tto be kept in saame foorm ass usedd by bbanks.This iss an eexamplle of interrnatioonalissationn of aaccounnting (4 maarks) becauuse itt showws thee growwth off largger sccale bbusineesses depenndent on fooreignners ffor saales aand caapitall.

48、 Acccountting eemergeed as a ressponsee to tthe deemand for iinformmationn and the rrequirrementt to bbe acccountaable. In addiition to thhis, tthe acccountting ppractiices oof Floorencee and Genoaa lateer werre traansporrted tto Enggland wheree theyy repllaced the pprevioous maanoriaal sysstem oof

49、acccountiing. This showss how more effecctive accouuntingg techhniquees floow acrross nnationnal booundarries. QUESTIOON 2 (5 + 5 + 55 + 5 = 20 Markss) Answer four (4) oof thee folllowingg:To whatt exteent iss the stronng/weaak equuity mmarkett disttinctiion a usefuul wayy to iidentiify diiffereent

50、paatternns of accouuntingg deveelopmeent.多大大程度上屬于于強大的/疲疲軟股票市場場的區別一個個有用的方法法來確定不同同類型的會計計的發展。-Stronng equuity rreferss to tthe doominannt possitionn of ooutsidde equuity-hholderrs andd the stronng leggal baackingg aimeed at invesstor pprotecction. Weaak equuity rreferss to tthe doominannt possitionn of

51、 bbanks and ffamilyy equiity-hooldinggs as capittal prrovideers, aand thhe leggal sttructuure whhich iis dessignedd to ssafeguuard tthe innteressts off credditorss. Nobess estaablishhes thhis cllass ddistinnctionn in aa deduuctivee classsificcationn apprroach. Seee Figuure 3.2 of Radebbaugh and GGra

52、y (2002).The sstrongg markket iss US GGAAP aand thhe weaak marrket iis thee IAS GAAP.US GAAAP iss a poowerfuul facctor bbecausse thee US ccapitaal marrket iis verry larrge.IAS GGAAP iis useed in Europpe andd deveelopinng couuntriees.At thhe outtset tthe IAAS refflecteed a ddistinnct Euuropeaan apppr

53、oachh withh an eemphassis onn currrent vvalue accouuntingg, butt bothh US aand IAAS reggulatoors arre tryying tto harrmonizze andd the distiinctioons keeep geettingg smalller bbetweeen thee two GAAPSSThe iincreaasing globaalizattion oof finnanciaal marrkets also reducces thhe disstincttions.B.Do ccu

54、lturral innfluennces iimpactt moree signnificaantly upon finanncial reporrting discllosuree issuues orr uponn meassuremeent isssues? Disscuss with exampples.做做更重要的文文化影響的影影響在財務報報告信息披露露問題或對測測量的問題嗎嗎?討論了舉舉例說明。A distiinctioon wass madee betwween mmeasurrementt and discllosuree praccticess becaause tthese

55、 were consiideredd to hhave sseparaate paatternns of devellopmennt in the NNair aand Frrank (1980) studdy (reeferreed to in Raadebauugh annd Graay, 20002, ppp. 399-41). Theey shoowed cclear diffeerencees in the rresultts bettween the ttwo crriteriia. HHoweveer, meeasureement grouppings couldd be mma

56、de wwith pplausiible eexplannationns; buut thee discclosurre grooupinggs offfered no pllausibble deescripptionss or eexplannationns. TThe Diisclossure ccountrry grooupinggs, baased oon thee 19755 Pricce Watterhouuse suurvey, weree Brittish CCommonnwealtth Moddel, LLatin Ameriican/ Southh Amerrican M

57、odell, Norrthernn and Centrral Euuropeaan Moddel, UUnitedd Stattes Moodel, and aan “Otther” categgory wwhich incluuded oonly CChile. There wwere sseveraal relliabillity aand reelevannce prroblemms rellated to thhe Priice Waaterhoouse ssurveyy dataa usedd by NNair aand Frrank (1980). Thhese pprobleem

58、s inncludeed datta errrors, misleeadingg answwers, swampping oof impportannt queestionns by triviial onnes, aand exxaggerrationn of ddifferrencess betwween tthe USS and the UUK. TThere was aalso cconfussion oon thee survvey beetweenn whatt consstitutted ruules (mandaatory and nnon-maandatoory) aand

59、thhe acttual ppractiices, whichh are oftenn diffferentt.C.Doess cultture eexplaiin to a siggnificcant ddegreee the relattive iimporttance of sttock eexchannges aand prrofesssionall accoountinng asssociattions arounnd thee worlld? DDiscusss witth exaampless.文化是在在很大程度上上解釋的相對對重要性證券券交易所進行行,世界各地地的專業會計計師協

60、會嗎?討論了舉例例說明。Hofstedde (19980) aarguess thatt cultture iimpactts on instiitutioons annd orgganizaation as weell ass occuupatioonal ggroupss. Acccordiingly, therre is a plaausiblle linnk bettween the AAnglo cultuure, ffor exxamplee, andd a prrefereence ffor sttock eexchannges aand prrofesssionall asso