1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)PPT課件非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)PPT課件非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：除謂語(yǔ)以外一切成分。2a非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞4a過(guò)去分詞不定式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞3a過(guò)去分詞不定式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞5a主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能比較4a主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) to do 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been do

2、ne5a動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)6a動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of

3、 thing 不定式運(yùn)用口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。 大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改， 作主賓時(shí)用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 六個(gè)感官三使役， 賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開(kāi)； 疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)； 邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前for/of sb. ; to前not是否定， 各種用法區(qū)別開(kāi)。7a 例1： To help each other is good._to help each other.互相幫助是好的。例2：_to understand him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了解他很困難。It is goodI find it difficult8a例1： T

4、o help each other is good不定式在六個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, 三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略。如例1： Now, let me go.（go前省掉了to）例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的to省掉了）比較She was seen _ the classroom.to run into9a不定式在六個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞feel, listen to, hea疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；例1. The farmers didn

5、t know what to do. The farmers didnt know .例2. Please tell me how to get to the zoo. Please tell me .what they should dohow I can get to the zoo10a疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；what they shou不定式在以下形容詞后:easy, difficult, hard, heavy,light, cheap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous, important, interesting, pleas

6、ant, (im)possible, fun等。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?這時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。to answerto work11a不定式在以下形容詞后:easy, difficult, ha動(dòng)詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納*1 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如動(dòng)詞是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不帶to.*2. 在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后 had better

7、, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等*3. Why. 或 why not 表建議4. 在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶to .（記憶口訣）*5 不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果be動(dòng)詞前有do/did/does時(shí)，to可以省去。12a動(dòng)詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納*1 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)注意1：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要

8、帶to。 She could do nothing but _(cry) I have no choice but _(go) 注意2：作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room _(live) There is nothing (worry)Please give me a knife (cut)cryto goto live into worry aboutto cut with13a注意1：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，后面時(shí)，如果這注意3：當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修

9、飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其意義有所不同。 比較： Have you anything to send? B) Have you anything to be sent?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you)你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else)14a注意3：當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to co

10、me to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車(chē)，但我叫她別用。注意4：15a 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后不定式的時(shí)態(tài)要重視例1 NMET 1997第12題I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to g

11、o B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD 例2 NMET 1999 第14題Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying AD16a不定式的時(shí)態(tài)要重視例1 NMET 1997第12題I (1)如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。 Tom and Martin pretended _

12、their homework when the teacher came into the classroom. （假裝正在做作業(yè)）(2)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said _thirty novels this year.據(jù)說(shuō)她已讀了30本小說(shuō)。 to be doingto have read17a(1)如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表Tom an不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)不應(yīng)忽略當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式有兩種：一般式和完成式。1.It is an honor for me _to yo

13、ur party. (invite)2.After graduation, he asked _to work in the countryside. (sent)3.This novel was said _into French. (translate)4.He was the first student_by The teacher. (punish)to be invitedto be sentto have been translatedto have been punished18a不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)不應(yīng)忽略當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這不定式所表示的一、動(dòng)名詞的形式 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式

14、doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done19a一、動(dòng)名詞的形式 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbe巧記跟動(dòng)名詞的口訣：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期， 建議完成多練習(xí)，喜歡想象禁不住，承認(rèn)否定與妒忌，逃脫冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒，忍受保持不在意。avoid,miss,delay; suggest,finish,practice;enjoy,imagine,resist(cant help); admit,deny envy;escape,risk,pardon; stand, keep,mind20a巧記跟動(dòng)名詞的口訣：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期， 建議完成多練習(xí)，avo注意事項(xiàng)：.

15、注意：動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：a.Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.而在Its important /

16、Its necessary 這類(lèi)句型中，只能用不定式如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times.21a注意事項(xiàng)：.注意：動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：而在注意2：在need, want, deserve等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義上無(wú)差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般是物），如： The door needs_.(paint)painting / to be painted.22a注意2：在need, want, des

17、erve等后，可用動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞的完成形式與被動(dòng)形式 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式，如：I regret _her advice.(我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)她的建議） 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式，如：He did it without_.(ask)The little boy didnt mind _(leave)at home.They couldnt stand _(treat)like that.not having takenbeing askedbeing leftbeing treated23a動(dòng)名詞的

18、完成形式與被動(dòng)形式 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)就是前面帶有代詞或名詞的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也可以用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或名詞普通格，不過(guò)，這主要用于口語(yǔ)中。如： She wont hear of us leaving the village. Do you object to Li Pings joining the physics group?注：如果不是在句子的開(kāi)頭，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞的普通格或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格，如： I dont like the idea

19、 of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，或不定代詞，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.24a動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)就是前面帶有1.Do you mind opening the door? （我）2. Going there save

20、d us a good deal of trouble. （Tom）3.Being late again made the teacher angry. （他）Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again made25a1.Do you mind opening the door 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes co

21、ming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend DC26aDC28a動(dòng)名詞與不定式的不同含義：1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去 做某事be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心、恐怕出現(xiàn)She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper.She was afraid _( of wake ) her husba

22、nd, for he was ill. 2) forget, remember, try, mean, stop, . 3)permit, allow, forbid ,advise, admit, to wakeof waking27a動(dòng)名詞與不定式的不同含義：to wakeof waking24)cant help doing sth. cant help (to )do sth. cant help but do sth.不得不，忍不住1.I couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture.2.Im sorry I

23、cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays.3.I cant help but_(cry).thinkinglendcry情不自禁不能幫忙做.28a4)cant help doing sth.thinkin 分 詞分詞：分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。29a31a現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式 doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done（只作狀語(yǔ)）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式過(guò)去分詞的基本形式：done30a現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式 doin

24、gbeing donehav 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) （ 所謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子主語(yǔ)，而是有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. =Because today _(be) Sunday, 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.beingbeingis31a 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)beingbeingis33a3. The signal _( give ), the bus started.4. Weather _ ( permit ), w

25、ell visit the Great Wall.5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well.6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.7. With the worker _ ( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8.he went home with his work _(f

26、inish). givenpermittingteachinggivingleadingfinished32a3. The signal _( give ), t9. 他遲到了,老師很生氣.(用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))（作主語(yǔ)）_(用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))His being late made the teacher angry.The teacher was angry at his /him being late.He being late, the teacher was angry.33a9. 他遲到了,老師很生氣.(用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))(用分詞的作表語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)名詞My job is teachi

27、ng. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的解釋.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)則表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征,也可以表示進(jìn)行與主動(dòng).34a作表語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)名詞（2）現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的

28、解a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine. 作定語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或用途。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示_35a作定語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或用途。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示_作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示_.如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，就放在被修飾的名詞之后。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with

29、 my father is Mr. Wang.China is a developing country.動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。36a作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示_.如果eg.He attends the meeting _in the room now. He attended the meeting _yesterday. （hold） He will attend the meeting _tomorrow.1.從時(shí)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，to do表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)being heldheldto be held37aeg.He attends the m

30、eeting _eg. I found him cooking supper. I found supper cooked when I got home. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；to do只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)38aeg. I found him cooking supper作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：分詞 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等,They worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to

31、 see him only to find him out. to do表示1.目的; 2.結(jié)果表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。常用only強(qiáng)調(diào)。目的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在分詞doing表示自然而然的結(jié)果1. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into.2.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.to findleaving39a作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：分詞 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A

32、.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A. thisB. thatC. it D. heNon-infinitive BCC40a1._is a good of exercise f4.Our father often told us

33、 in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working41a4.Our

34、father often told us in 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.

35、 A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed42a7.She reached the top of the h11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go43a11Mrs.Smith warned her husban14. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned15. The murderer was bro