1、商志老師四六級課程講義 3：閱讀理解之 C 部分編講:商志老師四六級中的閱讀理解部分需要 40 分鐘做完。共分為 3 部分，共計 248.5 分：Section A是選詞填空，占 35.5 分；Section B 是匹配題，占 71 分；Section C 是深度閱讀，占 142 分。今天先來講第三部分（Section C），細讀。Directions: There are 2 passageshis section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished sements. For each of them there

2、are four choimarked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 wisingle line through the centre.4級練習題一（2015年12月卷一）Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduilicon Valley elsewhere, or is there some

3、thing unique about it?It wouldnt be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldntreproduce itost of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?Its the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from SiliconValley to Bulo, Bul

4、o woulde Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心): rich people and nerds(癡迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns havee startup hubs if and only ifthey have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for exle, becausealthough its

5、 full of rich people, iWhereas Pittsburgh has the ops few nerds. Its not the kind of place nerds like.ite problem: plenty of nerds, but not rich people. The topUS Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon.MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yie

6、lded Silicon Valley. But what didCarnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And whawhich is also high on the list?ppened in Ica, home of Corneliversity,I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weatheris terrible, particularly in wer, and theres noeresting old c

7、ity to make up for it, as there is inton. Rich people dont want to live in Pittsburgh or Ica. So while therere plenty of hackers(電腦迷) who could start startups, theres no one to investhem.1Do you really need the rich people? Wouldnt it work to have theernment investhenerds? No, it would not. Startups

8、 investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have alot of experience themselveshe technology business. This helps them pick the right startups,and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the factt they have aal stakehee makes them really pay attention.56. Wh

9、at do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) Itcs is hard to copy anywhere else.It is the biggest technology hubIts fame in high technology ishe US.parable.D) It leads the world in information technology.What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?Lack of incentive for investment.L

10、ack of the right kind of talents.Lack ofernment support.D) Lack omous universities.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?Its location is not as attractive to rich people.Its science departments are not nearly as good.It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.I

11、t does not pay much attention to business startups.59. What does the author imply aboutton?A) Is pleasant weather all year round.B) It produweals well as high-tech.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.It is an old city with many sites of historicalerest.60. What does the author sa

12、y about startup investors?A) They are espelly wisearking investments.B) They have good connectionsheernment.C) They can do moren providing money.D) They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Its nice to have people of like mind around. Ag

13、reeable peopoost your confidence andallow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunay,t comfort can hinder the very learningt can expand your company and your career.Its nice to have people agree, but you needings to dig out the truth. Ifeveryone around you has similar views, your work will suffer

14、 from confirmation bias (偏頗).Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your poof view on most subjects?If yes, its time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment inwhich people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: FesIts not easy

15、 for most people to actively seek. Many spend their lives trying to avoidarguments. Theres no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some2self-assessment to determine where you havee stale in your thinking. You may need to startby encouraging your current network to help you ide

16、ntify your blind spots.Pasate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But itdoes require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyoneunderstands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win

17、 butto get to the trutht will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strongalities are involved. Makesure you check in with your opponents sot they are not carrying the emotion of the battlesthe battlefield. Break the tenwith sand humor to

18、reinforce the ideat this isfriendly discourse andt all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let yoursparring partners (拳擊陪練) know how much you apprete their contribution. The more theyfeel appreted, the more theyll be willi

19、ng to geto the ring next time.61. Whappens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?A) It will help you company expand more raly.It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.It may prevent your business and career from advancing.D) It may make you feecertain about your own decis.6

20、2. What does the author suggest leaders do?Avoid arguments with business partners.Encourage people to disagree and argue.C) Build a wide and strong busineetwork.D) Seek advice from their worthy competitors63. What is the purA) To find out the true of holding a debate?bout an ie.To build up peoples m

21、oral strength.To remove misunderstandings.To look for worthy opponents.64. What advice does the authive to people engaged in a fierce debate?They listen carefully to their opponents views.They show due respect for each others befs.They present their views clearly and explicitly.They take care not to

22、 hurt each others feelings.65. How should we treat our rivals after a sucA) Try to make peace with them.sful debate?B) Try to make up the differen.Invite them to the ring next time.Acknowledge their contribution.4級練習題二（2015年12月卷二）Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The w

23、allet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it willdieoff with thegeneration who read prnewsprs. The kind of shopwhere you hand over notes and3count out change in returnnow happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, likebuying a bar of chocolate or a pof milk from a cor

24、ner shop. At the shops where you spend anyreal money,t money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher upthe scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail storesVictoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instanceyou dont go and stand at any kind of cash register when you deci

25、de to pay. The staffare equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or lessn excellent service, if you have the money. But acrosssociety, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe Im just old-fashioned. Butearning money isnt quick or easy

26、 for most of us. Isnt it a bit weirdt spending it should happenin half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesnt a wallett time-honoured Friday-night feeling ofpleasing, promising fatnessrepresent somethingt matters?But Ill leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is th

27、e change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of awalletthe way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen wige, the plastic andpr and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and pred cinema ticketsisthe very opite of what our world ising. T

28、he opite of a wallet is a smartphone or aniPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable asbble (鵝卵石). Instead ofdigging through piemore counting oof pr and peeringo corners, we move our fingers left and right. Nooins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much long

29、er.What is happening to the wallet?It is disappearing.It is being fattened.C) It ising costly.D) It is changing in style.How are business tranions done in big modern stores?Individually.Electronically.C)he abstract.D) Via a cash register.What makes the author feelSaving money isfortable nowadays?ing

30、 a thing of the past.The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.Earning money is getting more difficult.Spending money is so fast and easy.59. Why does the author choose to write about whats happening to the wallet?A) It represents a changehe modern world.B) Is something to do with everybodys life.

31、C) It marksof a time-honoured tradition.D) It is the concern of contemporary economists.60. What can we infer from the passage about the author?A) He is resistant to sol changes.He is against technological progress.He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D) He feels insecurehe ever-ch

32、anging modern world.4Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catchor wake up early in order not to missvaries by culture.From dollected, it seems the thingst cause us to lose the most sleep, oage, aresporting events, time cha

33、nges, and holidays.Around the world, people changed sleep patternsnks to the start or end of daylight savingstime. Russians, for exle, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day afterVladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “wer time” starting on October 26.Russias other late nights

34、and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Years Eve, Russians have the worlds latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.Russians also get up an hour later oncerating female relatives.ernational Womens Day, the day for treating andSimilarly, Americans late nights, lat

35、e mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-daykends.Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden final.The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(he Olympic hockey (冰球). The worst night forslen the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Br

36、its stayed up a half-hourlater to watch it, and then they woke up earrn usual the next morningnks to summernights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. t was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up aroundan hour an

37、d a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clearof these nations, its likelyt not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in somet only the richest people do. And people who elect to track theirsleep may try to get more sleepn the average. E

38、ven ifts the case, though, the abovefindings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in ourshut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?61. What does the author say about peoples sleThey are culture-related.They affect peoples

39、health.They change with the seasons.ng habits?D) They vary fromto.62. What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A) They dont fall asleep until very late.B) They dont sleep much onkends.5C) They get less sleep on public holidays.D) They sleep longern people elsewhere.63. What is the major c

40、ause for Europeans loss of sleep?The daylight savings time.The colorful night life.The World Cup.The summertime.64. What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?They have trouble falling asleep.They want to get sufficient sleep.They are involve

41、d in a sleep research.They want to go to bed on regular hours.65. What does the author implyhe last paragraph?A) Sleepleess does harm to peoples health.Few people really know the importance of sleep.It is important to study our sleep patterns.D) Average people probably sleep lessn the rich.4級練習題（201

42、5年12月卷）Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When its five oclock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers,is defined by time. They leave when the clockls them theyre done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but

43、ons andt clock-basedcomputers.t may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows onwork schedules hinder morale(士氣) and creativity.Clock-timersanize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For exle: a meeting from9 am to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, t

44、ask-timers have a list ofthings they want tois completed. It is saidplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous taskt all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about timehese different ways? Does one make usmore productive?

45、Better at the tasks and? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnetand Anne-Laure Selr, they harticipantsanize different activitiesfrom project planning,holiday shop, to yogaby time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clocktime” vs task time. They found clock timers to be more e

46、fficient but less happy because they feltlittle control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. Theytend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunitiesup.t comeThe researchers arguet task-basedanizing tends to be undervalued an

47、d under-supportedhe business culture. Smart companies, they beves will try to bake more task-based planning6三三o their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchersarguet it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: workanized by cloc

48、k time.While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-basedtiming should be used when performing a jobeasier, and the task-doers will be happier.t requires more creativity. Itll make those tasks56. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? A） It

49、 makes everybody time-conscious.It is a convenience for work and life.If may have a negative effect on creative work. D） It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.57. How do people usually go about their work according to the author? A） They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B） The

50、y give priority to the most urgent task on hand.They seTheyime limit for each specifiplish their tasks one by one.k.58. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Selr findA） They seize opportunities as they come up.heir experiments abolock-timers?B） They always get their work doneime.C） They have more con

51、trol over their lives. D） They tend to be more productive.59. What do the researchers say about todays business culture?A） It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B） It does notach enough importance to task-based practice.C） It plamore emphasis on work efficiencyn on workers li

52、ves,D） It aims to bring employees potential and creativityo full play.60. What do the researcherggest?A） Task-based timing is preferred forng creative work.B） It is important to keep a balance betn work and life.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.A scientific standard should be a

53、dopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.MarStewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she nearedoft “therehrison sentence, a well-known columnist wrotet she was “paying her dues,” andis simply no reason for anyone to attempt to d

54、eny her right to start anew.”Surely, the American ideal of second chanerful. Unfortunay, many federal and seshould not beonly for the rich andt-conviction restrictions on alaws imeshockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt tosociety,east 65 million peop

55、lepenaltiest continue long afthe United Ses have a criminal record. This can result in severeunishment is completed,Many of these penalties are imed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the7s individual circumstan. Laws can restrict or ban voting, acs to public housing, andprofesal and bu

56、siness licensing. They can affectrsons ability to get a job and qualificationfor benefits.In all, moren 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.Some laws make senses No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia（癖）work in a school. But too often collatera（l 附隨的） consequenbear no relation to public safety.Should a woman whosessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to belicensed as a nurse?These laws are also countroductive, since they make it harder for people with c