1、英語構詞法1英語構詞法主要有三種： 轉化、合成與派生。 英語構詞法種類另外還有截短、縮合等。21. 轉化 : 是指有一種詞類轉化為另一種詞類。 water n. 水 - water vt. 澆水常見的轉化形式兩種：動詞 - 名詞名詞 - 動詞3 動詞-名詞 stop vt. 停止 - n.車站love vt. 愛 - n. 愛Watch vt. 觀看 - n. 手表record vt. 錄音 - n. 紀錄comb vt. 梳理(頭發) - n. 梳子abuse vt. 辱罵 - n. 辱罵4 名詞 - 動詞 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交seat n. 座位 - vt. 坐nurse

2、n. 護士 - vt. 護理oil n. 油 - vt. 上油time n. 時間 - vt. 定時，測時shoulder n. 肩膀 - vt. 肩負5mine n. 礦山 - vt. 開礦barbecue n. 燒烤-vt. 在烤架上烤ship n. 船 - vt. 用船裝運 finance n. 金融- vt. 為提供資金stain n. 污點,污跡 - vt. 玷污，污染draft n. 草稿 - vt. 起草head n. 頭 - v. 前進transport n. 運輸 - vt. 運輸6副詞 - 動詞 down adv. 向下 - v. 放下副詞 - 名詞nowhere adv.

3、 任何地方都不 - n. 無處，無名的地方7形容詞 - 名詞 freezing adj. 冰凍的 - n. 冰點 solid adj. 固體的,堅實的- n. 固體數詞 - 動詞 second num. 第二 - v. 贊成 - n. 秒82. 合成 : 有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。 class 班級 + room 房間 = classroom 教室warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 熱心腸的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的9hard + working = hard-working 勤勞的peace-lovingstate-o

4、wnedwell-knownready-madesightseeingbloodthirsty 103. 派生 : 是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構成一個新詞。happy - unhappydevelop - development11前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數能引起詞類的變化。mis- 錯誤的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 誤解en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 擴大12后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。care v. 照料 - careful adj. 細心的work v. 工作

5、 - worker n. 工人13常見的前綴14(A)表示否定的前綴： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 開頭的詞前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular15(B).表示錯誤或失當的前綴: mis-misjudge, misdirect(誤導)(C).表示向背的前綴: pro-(親，支持) pro-Chin

6、ese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war16(D).表示程度、大小的前綴super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpowerover- overhead, overeat, overusemini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-carunder- underground, under-developsemi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel17(E).表示時間的前綴 pre- prewar post-

7、postwar fore-(前，預先) foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast18(F).表示方位的前綴： sub- subway, submarine inter- international, intercity, interclass trans-(橫過，通過，超越，進入) translate, transatlantic 19常見的后綴201.動詞變名詞：-ation satisfaction, education, realization-ment development, movement, disappointment21-al

8、 arrival, refusal-ee trainee, employee-er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor222.形容詞變名詞-ness happiness, meanness, carelessness-ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism233.名詞變形容詞：-y windy, rainy, sandy-ish foolish, feverish-some handsome, troublesome-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful, carefu

9、l, peaceful243. 名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ify beautify, simplify-ize realize-en quicken, widen, sharpen25但也有一些帶后綴的派生詞僅僅改變詞義： Kingdom: “職位、狀態” freedomBoyhood: “身份，資格” childhoodFriendship:情態狀態性質身份職業技巧技 能” leadership, hardshipSpoonful：構成名詞mouthful(滿口,一口), handful(一把)264. 截短 : 是指用截頭取尾的方法構成新詞。 telephone - phone influen

10、za - flu. 流行性感冒275. 縮合 : 是指把兩個或兩個以上的詞各取一部分合在一起構成一個新單詞。smoke and fog - smog 煙霧Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL 托福International English language test system - IELTS 雅思281. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _ .A. to find； left B. to find； goneC. finding； left D. f

11、inding； gone29 1.The peasant died, leaving his wife and his three children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital.30find +賓語+賓補find the door open (adj.)find him sitting by the window(-ing)find the wall painted (P.P)find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase)3

12、12.I failed again. I wish I _ harder. But you _.A. had worked； hadnt B. worked； dontC. had worked； didnt D. worked； didnt32wishI wish you success.I wish you to help me.Give my best wishes toI wish I were a bird.I wish I could help you.I wish I had attended the ball yesterday.333.Why not go out for a

13、 walk before breakfast?Oh，yes. _ is my favorite time of day.A. In the early morningB. Early morningC. The early of morningD. The early morning that 34It was early morning when I got home.It was in the early morning that I got home.Was it in the early morning that you got home?When was it that you go

14、t home?354. It was not until liberation that _ to his hometown.A. did he return B. was he returnedC. he did return D. he returned36當被強調的是not.until句型時,應將not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句。當被強調的是not.until句型時,應將not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them 當被強調的是not.until句型時,應將

15、not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句。 It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. 37 It was her that told me about it. It was she that told me about it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished.38強調句It is/was+thatIt is he that/who wants to go instead of you.It wa

16、s 2:00 when they left.It was at 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded.It was in the street that he was knocked down.395.Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _?A. writes； do B. writes； workC. is written； do D. is written； work406.Can you finish the writing on time?

17、_.A. Never mind B. With pleasureC. No problem D. All right417.When _ we meet again? _ it any time you like.A. will； Do B. will； MakeC. shall； Do D. shall； Make428. Look! There are lots of _ birds flying over the trees.A. funny red little B. funny little redC. little funny red D. little red funny43好美

18、小高狀其新，顏色國料特別親。good/beautiful/small(little)/tall/round(interesting)/newred/nationality/wood/449. They couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of them had _ money on them.A. all； no B. any； noC. none； any D. no one； any4510.Shall we meet right now? Sorry. Im too busy to _ for the moment.A. get through B

19、. get awayC. get off D. get together46get away（1) 逃脫 (2) 開始，出發；離開；出去旅行或休假 (3) 使離去；移走；送走 Get off(1) 下去，下來；下（公共汽車、火車、飛機等），下（馬等）(2) 出發，離去；起飛；起跑(3) 寄出；發出(4) 脫掉；除去，擺脫(5) 免受傷害、災禍或損失(6) 學會，記熟 Get together(1) 收集，積聚 (2) 聚集在一處，會集；召集，集攏Get through(1) 通過；使通過 (2) 打通（尤指電話）4711. _ is known to all，good friends _ ha

20、ppiness and value to life.A. It； add B. As； addC. It； add up D. As； add to48 add up 總計，總共 add to 增加 add to 加到That will only add to our difficulties. 那只會增加我們的困難。Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，總數是二十一。4912. Mr. Green left _ suddenly _ he came.A. so； that B. so； asC. as； that D. as； as5013. Good food，not _，thats how one gets fat.A. eno