1、9/9專四的時態型虛擬語氣專題講解虛擬語氣與事實相反,要用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示，對虛擬語氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下：。條件從句的虛擬語氣 條件從句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞與現在事實相反bewere/ 動詞過去式would/should/might/could+do與過去事實相反過去完成式would/should/might/could+ have done與將來事實相反were to/ should + do/動詞-過去式would/should/might/could+doEg。 如果我是你，我就不

2、看電視了.If I were you, I should/would not watch TV.如果我做完家庭作業,我就去參加晚會。If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party。如果你昨天晚上不看電視，就不會遲到了。If you hadnt gone to the cinema, you would not have been late for class.如果你努力地學習的話，你就會考試及格了。If you had studied harder， you would have passed the exam。

3、The plants in our garden_better if it had not rained so much last year. A.had grown B。would have grown C。were growing D。would growNote：a）.條件從句中if 的省略，要倒裝如果條件從句的謂語動詞包含有were或助動詞、情態動詞had,should,could，有時可將連詞if省去,而將 條件從句的主語置于were，had,should，could之后。這種用法主要用于書面語，如：a。與現在相反：If I were you (=Were I you） ， I wo

4、uld go with him。 b。與過去相反：If I had had time then （=Had I had time then）， I would have gone with you. c.與將來相反：If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow， （=Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow）， I would take my son with me。 注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語前，如： (誤)Werent I here now，

5、I would be in the bus。 （正)Were I not here now， I would be in the bus. b）.without 可以代替條件從句 Eg.沒有水和空氣，我們就不能生存. We would not live without water or air. c） 混合虛擬條件句 如果條件從句的動作和主句的動作不是同時發生,主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的 時間加以調整.這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如: If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（從句述說過去，主

6、句述說現在） If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life。（ 從句表示與過去的事實相反，主句說明與現在的事實相反）d) 省略主句,只保留if(only）的條件句 虛擬條件句中的表示結果的主句有時形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個if(only）條 件從句,表達說話人的強烈愿望。如:If（only）she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！e) 用but或but for引導含蓄條件句（but后跟從句,but for后跟短語: 假如

7、沒有， 要不是） But for your help,our experiment wouldnt have been sosuccessful. 假如沒有你們的幫助，我們的實驗是不會如此成功的. But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨我們會到得早一些。 We would have invited them to the dance,but they were too busy. 要不是他們太忙，我們會邀請他們來參加舞會的。 此句可改寫為:If they had not been so busy,we would ha

8、veinvited them to the dance。 But that he is in hospital,He would go abroad for hissummer vacation. 要不是生病住院，他就出國度暑假了。 該句可改寫為：If he wereint in hospital，he would go abroadfor his summer vacatiom。f) ”Ifonly.。”這是一種特殊句式結構 一、”If only。.。用于感嘆句中,是一個保留條件句,省略了主句的形式。用來表示某人對某事的一種強烈愿望或未實現的條件，其意為”但愿;真希望;要是就好了”。常用于虛

9、擬語氣的謂語動詞形式. Ifonlysheweremysister!如果她是我姐姐該多好啊! (=Howfineitwouldbeifsheweremysister!)”Ifonly。.”引導的從句謂語動詞形式分以下幾種:1.Ifonly后常接一般過去時，表示對現在的一種難以實現的愿望。如：1)IfonlyIhadthatbook!我要是有那本書就好了。 =HowfineitwouldbeifonlyIhadthebook（butIhaventthebook）. 2)IfonlyIwereyounger!要是我年輕點兒就好了! =HowfineitwouldbeifonlyIwereyoung

10、er！（butIamnotyounger） 3）Ifonlymymotherwereherenow!要是我母親現在在這兒就好了. (butsheisntherenow)4）Howfineitwouldbeifonlytheycouldfindawaytogettotheroom!他們要是能夠找到一條通道進入那個房間該多好啊！2。 If only后常接過去完成時,表示過去沒有實現的愿望。如:1）Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!你當時干活時要是再認真些就好了！ (butyoudidntworkwithgreatercare)2）Ifonlywehadarrive

11、dintime,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain!要是我們及時趕到，就不 會誤車了。（butwedidntarriveintime)3。Ifonly后常用過去將來時表示將來不大可能實現的愿望.如:Ifonlyshewouldwin！但愿她能贏！二、If only有時也可引導陳述語氣的真實條件句,意思為只要”。Ifonlyitclearsup,wellgo。只要天一放晴，我們就去.與此句型容易混淆的還有一種結構”only if.。,only置于if前表示強調if條件,意為只要”,用于引導陳述語氣的真實條件句。Onlyifyoustudyhard，youwillpassth

12、etest.只要你努力學習,就會通過考試。B）.賓語從句的虛擬語氣a）.wish+賓語從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞- be-were/ 動詞-過去式 與過去事實相反 過去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance exam.I wish you hadnt been absent yesterday.b）.表示請求,命令，建議的動詞后(一堅持(insist），二命令(order,command)，三建議（suggest,propose，advise),四要求(

13、demand, require， request，ask) 謂語動詞(should)+doeg.我們建議她去看醫生。 We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor。例外情況：suggestion，insist后從句中不用虛擬語氣的問題suggest作為“表明，暗示時，不用虛擬語氣insist作為“堅持認為”時,不用虛擬語氣eg。The smile on his face suggested that he succeeded in the task。 我們堅持他應該去看醫生。（堅持要sb做） We insisted that he (sho

14、uld） go to see a doctor. We insisted that old Li was an advanced worker in our company. Janes pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination。 A。be;should have B.was；have C。should be；had D。was;has C).主語從句的虛擬語氣It is important/necessary/strange+that+主+(shoul

15、d） do。Eg. It is necessary that we (should） master a foreign language to find a good job.D).狀語從句的虛擬語氣 a）。方式從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞 be-were/ 動詞-過去式 與過去事實相反 謂語動詞-過去完成式eg.她很悲傷仿佛整個世界都背叛了她。 She felt upset and sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her。 b）。讓步從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞- be-were/ 動詞過去式與過去

16、事實相反 謂語動詞 過去完成式eg.即使他向我道歉,我也不會原諒他。 Even if/Even though he apologized to me, I wouldnt pardon him。E).it is （high,about) time+從句的虛擬語氣從句應該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是1。用過去時態表示虛擬Or 2.should + 動詞原形，should 不能省常譯為是(正是)的時侯 It is (high,about) time for+sth。 for sb to do。 that +clause(謂語動詞- be-were/ 動詞用過去時或should+V)eg.我們該回家了。

17、 It is time （that）we went/should go home.例題1。 It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay。 （2010年真題60.） A。 hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D。 has to hand in答案：A。 It is necessary that 謂語動詞用無時態結構（可以理解為省略了should）2. If there were no subjunctive mood， English _ much easier to learn。（2009年真

18、題52.）A。 could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 答案：B. if 條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣，從句中的動詞用過去一般時與現在事實相反,be的過去式用were， 主句應是:情態動詞would， should, could 加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。3。 Had Judy been more careful on the math exam， she _ much better results now. （2008年真題52。）A。 would be getting B. could have got C. mus

19、t get D. would get答案:D. 該句從句是對過去的虛擬，而主句是對現在情況的虛擬。另外，該句從句省略了if, 助動詞提前，也具有一定的干擾性.4. If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. （2007年真題54。)A. had receivedB。 received C. should receive D。 were receiving 答案：A。 此題考查if only 虛擬語氣的用法。表示與過去事實相反,從

20、句中用過去完成時.5. If only I _play the guitar as well as you！ （2006年真題52.)A。 would B. could C. should D. might答案：B. 此題考查虛擬式在if only引導的條件分句中的用法.本句表示對現在或未來的愿望，虛擬式采用過去時。6. If you explained the situation to your solicitor， he _ able to advise you much better than I can. ( 2005年真題51。)A。 would be B。 will have be

21、en C. was D。 were答案:A. 這道題是典型的非真實條件從句表示與現在情況相反或對現在情況一種猜測的用法，也可以理解成對現在情況進行虛擬的一種虛擬語氣。7. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him。 （2005年真題60.) A。 betrayedtake B。 had betrayedtook C。 has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake答案：B。 its (high） time 后的謂語要用過去時表示虛

22、擬語氣。8. _, Ill marry him all the same。(2004年真題42。)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC。 Were he rich or poor D。 Be he rich or poor答案：D參考譯文:無論他貧賤與否，我都會嫁給他。試題分析：本題為語法題，考查的是虛擬語氣的固定用法詳細解答：Be he rich or poor 相當于whether he is rich or poor.9. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know

23、beforehand？ （2004年真題44.）A. Would you be surprised B。 Were you surprisedC。 Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised答案：A參考譯文:如果昨天沒有提前通知你，我就來了,你會覺得奇怪嗎?試題分析：本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。詳細解答：這是一個錯綜時間條件句。條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動 作，發生的時間是不一致的，動詞的形式要根據表示的時間來調整。10. It is imperative that students _ their term papers

24、 on time。(2004年真題46。)A。 hand in B. would hand in C。 have to hand in D. handed in答案：A參考譯文：學生必須按時上交他們的終期論文。試題分析：本題考查的是虛擬語氣。詳細解答：It is imperative/necessary/important 等結構后的主語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，should加動詞原形,should可省。11. Our tour guide recommended that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the Great British Museum。A。 are B. shall be C. be D. were答案 C,recommend 后面跟虛擬原形。12。 _ before we depart the day after tomorrow， we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they