1、高等數學名詞（中英文）第一章函數與極限Chapter1FunctionandLimit集合set元素element子集subset空集emptyset并集union交集intersection差集differenceofset基本集basicset補集complementset直積directproduct笛卡兒積Cartesianproduct開區間openinterval閉區間closedinterval半開區間halfopeninterval有限區間finiteinterval區間的長度lengthofaninterval無限區間infiniteinterval領域neighborhoo

2、d領域的中心centreofaneighborhood領域的半徑radiusofaneighborhood左領域leftneighborhood右領域rightneighborhood映射mappingX至iY的映射mappingofXontoY滿射surjection單射injection一一映射one-to-onemapping雙射bijection算子operator變化transformation函數function逆映射inversemapping復合映射compositemapping自變量independentvariable因變量dependentvariable定義域doma

3、in函數值valueoffunction函數關系functionrelation值域range自然定義域naturaldomain單值函數singlevaluedfunction多值函數multiplevaluedfunction單值分支one-valuedbranch函數圖形graphofafunction絕對值函數absolutevalue符號函數sighfunction整數部分integralpart階梯曲線stepcurve當且僅當ifandonlyif(iff)分段函數piecewisefunction上界upperbound下界lowerbound有界boundedness無界un

4、bounded函數的單調性monotonicityofafunction單調增加的increasing單調減少的decreasing單調函數monotonefunction函數的奇偶性parity(odevity)ofafunction對稱symmetry偶函數evenfunction奇函數oddfunction函數的周期性periodicityofafunction周期period反函數inversefunction直接函數directfunction復合函數compositefunction中間變量intermediatevariable函數的運算operationoffunction基本

5、初等函數basicelementaryfunction初等函數elementaryfunction冪函數powerfunction指數函數exponentialfunction對數函數logarithmicfunction三角函數trigonometricfunction反三角函數inversetrigonometricfunction常數函數constantfunction雙曲函數hyperbolicfunction雙曲正弦hyperbolicsine雙曲余弦hyperboliccosine雙曲正切hyperbolictangent反雙曲正弦inversehyperbolicsine反雙曲余

6、弦inversehyperboliccosine反雙曲正切inversehyperbolictangent極限limit數列sequenceofnumber收斂convergence收斂于aconvergetoa發散divergent極限的唯一性uniquenessoflimits收斂數列的有界性boundednessofaconvergentsequence子列subsequence函數的極限limitsoffunctions函數當x趨于x0時的極限limitoffunctionsasxapproachesx0左極限leftlimit右極限rightlimit單側極限one-sidedlim

7、its水平漸近線horizontalasymptote無窮小infinitesimal無窮大infinity鉛直漸近線verticalasymptote夾逼準則squeezerule單調數列monotonicsequence高階無窮小infinitesimalofhigherorder低階無窮小infinitesimaloflowerorder同階無窮小infinitesimalofthesameorder等階無窮小equivalentinfinitesimal函數的連續性continuityofafunction增量increment函數在x0連續thefunctioniscontinuou

8、satx0左連續leftcontinuous右連續rightcontinuous區間上的連續函數continuousfunction函數在該區間上連續functioniscontinuousonaninterval不連續點discontinuitypoint第一類間斷點discontinuitypointofthefirstkind第二類間斷點discontinuitypointofthesecondkind初等函數的連續性continuityoftheelementaryfunctions定義區間definedinterval最大值globalmaximumvalue(absolutemax

9、imum)最小值globalminimumvalue(absoluteminimum)零點定理thezeropointtheorem介值定理intermediatevaluetheorem第二章導數與微分Chapter2DerivativeandDifferential速度velocity勻速運動uniformmotion平均速度averagevelocity瞬時速度instantaneousvelocity圓的切線tangentlineofacircle切線tangentline切線的斜率slopeofthetangentline位置函數positionfunction導數derivativ

10、e可導derivable函數的變化率問題problemofthechangerateofafunction導函數derivedfunction左導數left-handderivative右導數right-handderivative單側導數one-sidedderivatives在閉區間a,b上可導isderivableontheclosedintervala,b切線方程tangentequation角速度angularvelocity成本函數costfunction邊際成本marginalcost鏈式法則chainrule隱函數implicitfunction顯函數explicitfunct

11、ion二階函數secondderivative三階導數thirdderivative高階導數nthderivative萊布尼茨公式Leibnizformula對數求導法log-derivative參數方程parametricequation相關變化率correlativechangerata微分differential可微的differentiable函數的微分differentialoffunction自變量的微分differentialofindependentvariable微商differentialquotient間接測量誤差indirectmeasurementerror絕對誤差a

12、bsoluteerror相對誤差relativeerror第三章微分中值定理與導數的應用Chapter3MeanValueTheoremofDifferentialsandtheApplicationofDerivatives羅馬定理Rollestheorem費馬引理Fermatslemma拉格朗日中值定理Lagrangesmeanvaluetheorem駐點stationarypoint穩定點stablepoint臨界點criticalpoint輔助函數auxiliaryfunction拉格朗日中值公式Lagrangesmeanvalueformula柯西中值定理Cauchysmeanval

13、uetheorem洛必達法則LHospitalsRule0/0型不定式indeterminateformoftype0/0不定式indeterminateform泰勒中值定理Taylorsmeanvaluetheorem泰勒公式Taylorformula余項remainderterm拉格朗日余項Lagrangeremainderterm麥克勞林公式Maclaurinsformula佩亞諾公式Peanoremainderterm凹凸性concavity凹向上的concaveupward,cancaveup凹向下的，向上凸的concavedownwardconcavedown拐點inflectio

14、npoint函數的極值extremumoffunction極大值local(relative)maximum最大值global(absolute)mximum極小值local(relative)minimum最小值global(absolute)minimum目標函數objectivefunction曲率curvature弧微分arcdifferential平均曲率averagecurvature曲率園circleofcurvature曲率中心centerofcurvature曲率半徑radiusofcurvature漸屈線evolute漸伸線involute根的隔離isolationofro

15、ot隔離區間isolationinterval切線法tangentlinemethod第四章不定積分Chapter4IndefiniteIntegrals原函數primitivefunction(anti-derivative)積分號signofintegration被積函數integrand積分變量integralvariable積分曲線integralcurve積分表tableofintegrals換元積分法integrationbysubstitution分部積分法integrationbyparts分部積分公式formulaofintegrationbyparts有理函數rationa

16、lfunction真分式properfraction假分式improperfraction第五章定積分Chapter5DefiniteIntegrals曲邊梯形trapezoidwith曲邊curveedge窄矩形narrowrectangle曲邊梯形的面積areaoftrapezoidwithcurvededge積分下限lowerlimitofintegral積分上限upperlimitofintegral積分區間integralinterval分割partition積分和integralsum可積integrable矩形法rectanglemethod積分中值定理meanvaluetheo

17、remofintegrals函數在區間上的平均值averagevalueofafunctiononanintegvals牛頓萊布尼茨公式Newton-Leibnizformula微積分基本公式fundamentalformulaofcalculus換元公式formulaforintegrationbysubstitution遞推公式recurrenceformula反常積分improperintegral反常積分發散divergent反常積分收斂convergent無窮限的反常積分infiniteinterval無界函數的反常積分unboundedfunctions絕對收斂theimprope

18、rintegralistheimproperintegralisimproperintegralonanimproperintegralofabsolutelyconvergent第六章定積分的應用Chapter6ApplicationsoftheDefiniteIntegrals元素法theelementmethod面積元素elementofarea平面圖形的面積areaofaluanefigure直角坐標又稱“笛卡兒坐標(Cartesiancoordinates)”極坐標polarcoordinates拋物線parabola橢圓ellipse旋轉體的面積volumeofasolidofro

19、tation旋轉橢球體ellipsoidofrevolution,ellipsoidofrotation曲線的弧長arclengthofacurve可求長的rectifiable光滑smooth功work水壓力waterpressure引力gravitation變力variableforce第七章空間解析幾何與向量代數Chapter7SpaceAnalyticGeometryandVectorAlgebra向量vector自由向量freevector單位向量unitvector零向量zerovector相等equal平行parallel向量的線性運算linearpoerationofvecto

20、r三角法則trianglerule平行四邊形法則parallelogramrule交換律commutativelaw結合律associativelaw負向量negativevector差difference分配律distributivelaw空間直角坐標系spacerectangularcoordinates坐標面coordinateplane卦限octant向量的模modulusofvector向量a與b的夾角anglebetweenvectoraandb方向余弦directioncosine方向角directionangle向量在軸上的投影projectionofavectorontoan

21、axis數量積，外積，叉積scalarproduct,dotproduct,innerproduct曲面方程equationforasurface球面sphere旋轉曲面surfaceofrevolution母線generatingline軸axis圓錐面cone頂點vertex旋轉單葉雙曲面revolutionhyperboloidsofonesheet旋轉雙葉雙曲面revolutionhyperboloidsoftwosheets柱面cylindricalsurface,cylinder圓柱面cylindricalsurface準線directrix拋物柱面paraboliccylinde

22、r二次曲面quadricsurface橢圓錐面dllipticcone橢球面ellipsoid單葉雙曲面hyperboloidofonesheet雙葉雙曲面hyperboloidoftwosheets旋轉橢球面ellipsoidofrevolution橢圓拋物面ellipticparaboloid旋轉拋物面paraboloidofrevolution雙曲拋物面hyperbolicparaboloid馬鞍面saddlesurface橢圓柱面ellipticcylinder雙曲柱面hyperboliccylinder拋物柱面paraboliccylinder空間曲線spacecurve空間曲線的一

23、般方程generalformequationsofaspacecurve空間曲線的參數方程parametricequationsofaspacecurve螺轉線spiral螺矩pitch投影柱面projectingcylinder投影projection平面的點法式方程pointnormformeqyationofaplane法向量normalvector平面的一般方程generalformequationofaplane兩平面的夾角anglebetweentwoplanes點到平面的距離distancefromapointtoaplane空間直線的一般方程generalequationofa

24、lineinspace方向向量directionvector直線的點向式方程pointdirectionformequationsofaline方向數directionnumber直線的參數方程parametricequationsofaline兩直線的夾角anglebetweentwolines垂直perpendicular直線與平面的夾角anglebetweenalineandaplanes平面束pencilofplanes平面束的方程equationofapencilofplanes行列式determinant系數行列式coefficientdeterminant第八章多元函數微分法及其

25、應用Chapter8DifferentiationofFunctionsofSeveralVariablesandItsApplication一元函數functionofonevariable多元函數functionofseveralvariables內點interiorpoint外點exteriorpoint邊界點frontierpoint,boundarypoint聚點pointofaccumulation開集openset閉集closedset連通集connectedset開區域openregion閉區域closedregion有界集boundedset無界集unboundedsetn維

26、空間n-dimentionalspace二重極限doublelimit多元函數的連續性continuityoffunctionofseveal連續函數continuousfunction不連續點discontinuitypoint一致連續uniformlycontinuous偏導數partialderivative對自變量x的偏導數partialderivativewithrespecttoindependentvariablex高階偏導數partialderivativeofhigherorder二階偏導數secondorderpartialderivative混合偏導數hybridpart

27、ialderivative全微分totaldifferential偏增量oartialincrement偏微分partialdifferential全增量totalincrement可微分differentiable必要條件necessarycondition充分條件sufficientcondition疊加原理superpostitionprinciple全導數totalderivative中間變量intermediatevariable隱函數存在定理theoremoftheexistenceofimplicitfunction曲線的切向量tangentvectorofacurve法平面no

28、rmalplane向量方程vectorequation向量值函數vector-valuedfunction切平面tangentplane法線normalline方向導數directionalderivative梯度gradient數量場scalarfield梯度場gradientfield向量場vectorfield勢場potentialfield引力場gravitationalfield引力勢gravitationalpotential曲面在一點的切平面tangentplanetoasurfaceatapoint曲線在一點的法線normallinetoasurfaceatapoint無條件極

29、值unconditionalextremevalues條件極值conditionalextremevalues拉格朗日乘數法Lagrangemultipliermethod拉格朗日乘子Lagrangemultiplier經驗公式empiricalformula最小二乘法methodofleastsquares均方誤差meansquareerror第九章重積分Chapter9MultipleIntegrals二重積分doubleintegral可加性additivity累次積分iteratedintegral體積元素volumeelement三重積分tripleintegral直角坐標系中的體積

30、元素volumeelementinrectangularcoordinatesystem柱面坐標cylindricalcoordinates柱面坐標系中的體積元素volumeelementincylindricalcoordinatesystem球面坐標sphericalcoordinates球面坐標系中的體積元素volumeelementinsphericalcoordinatesystem反常二重積分improperdoubleintegral曲面的面積areaofasurface質心centreofmass靜矩staticmoment密度density形心centroid轉動慣量mome

31、ntofinertia參變量parametricvariable第十章曲線積分與曲面積分Chapter10Line(Curve)IntegralsandSurfaceIntegrals對弧長的曲線積分lineintegralswithrespecttoarchength第一類曲線積分lineintegralsofthefirsttype對坐標的曲線積分lineintegralswithrespecttox,y,andz第二類曲線積分lineintegralsofthesecondtype有向曲線弧directedarc單連通區域simpleconnectedregion復連通區域complex

32、connectedregion格林公式Greenformula第一類曲面積分surfaceintegralsofthefirsttype對面的曲面積分surfaceintegralswithrespecttoarea有向曲面directedsurface對坐標的曲面積分surfaceintegralswithrespecttocoordinateelements第二類曲面積分surfaceintegralsofthesecondtype有向曲面元elementofdirectedsurface高斯公式gaussformula拉普拉斯算子Laplaceoperator格林第一公式Greensfi

33、rstformula通量flux散度divergence斯托克斯公式Stokesformula環流量circulation旋度rotation,curl第十一章無窮級數Chapter11InfiniteSeries一般項generalterm部分和partialsum余項remainderterm等比級數geometricseries幾何級數geometricseries公比commonratio調和級數harmonicseries柯西收斂準則Cauchyconvergencecriteria,Cauchycriteriaforconvergence正項級數seriesofpositivete

34、rms達朗貝爾判別法DAlemberttest柯西判別法Cauchytest交錯級數alternatingseries絕對收斂absolutelyconvergent條件收斂conditionallyconvergent柯西乘積Cauchyproduct函數項級數seriesoffunctions發散點pointofdivergence收斂點pointofconvergence收斂域convergencedomain和函數sumfunction冪級數powerseries冪級數的系數coeffcientsofpowerseries阿貝爾定理AbelTheorem收斂半徑radiusofconv

35、ergence收斂區間intervalofconvergence泰勒級數Taylorseries麥克勞林級數Maclaurinseries二項展開式binomialexpansion近似計算approximatecalculation舍入誤差round-offerror,roundingerror歐拉公式Eulersformula魏爾斯特拉絲判別法Weierstrasstest三角級數trigonometricseries振幅amplitude角頻率angularfrequency初相initialphase矩形波squarewave諧波分析harmonicanalysis直流分量direct

36、component基波fundamentalwave二次諧波secondharmonic三角函數系trigonometricfunctionsystem傅立葉系數Fouriercoefficient傅立葉級數Forrierseries周期延拓periodicprolongation正弦級數sineseries余弦級數cosineseries奇延拓oddprolongation偶延拓evenprolongation傅立葉級數的復數形式complexformofFourierseries第十二章微分方程Chapter12DifferentialEquation解微分方程solveadifferen

37、tialequation常微分方程ordinarydifferentialequation偏微分方程partialdifferentialequation,PDE微分方程的階orderofadifferentialequation微分方程的解solutionofadifferentialequation微分方程的通解generalsolutionofadifferentialequation初始條件initialcondition微分方程的特解particularsolutionofadifferentialequation初值問題initialvalueproblem微分方程的積分曲線int

38、egralcurveofadifferentialequation可分離變量的微分方程variableseparabledifferentialequation隱式解implicitsolution隱式通解inplicitgeneralsolution衰變系數decaycoefficient衰變decay齊次方程homogeneousequation一階線性方程lineardifferentialequationoffirstorder非齊次non-homogeneous齊次線性方程homogeneouslinearequation非齊次線性方程non-homogeneouslinearequ

39、ation常數變易法methodofvariationofconstant暫態電流transientstatecurrent穩態電流steadystatecurrent伯努利方程Bernoulliequation全微分方程totaldifferentialequation積分因子integratingfactor高階微分方程differentialequationofhigherorder懸鏈線catenary高階線性微分方程lineardifferentialequationofhigherorderfreevibration強迫振動的微分方程differentialequationof自由

40、振動的微分方程differentialequationofforcedoscillation串聯電路的振蕩方程oscillationequationofseriescircuit階線性微分方程secondorderlineardifferentialequation線性相關linearlydependence線性無關linearlyindependence二階常系數齊次線性微分方程secondorderhomogeneouslineardifferentialequationwithconstantcoefficient二階變系數齊次線性微分方程secondorderhomogeneousli

41、neardifferentialequationwithvariablecoefficient特征方程characteristicequation無阻尼自由振動的微分方程differentialequationoffreevibrationwithzerodamping固有頻率naturalfrequency簡諧振動simpleharmonicoscillation,simpleharmonicvibration微分算子differentialoperator待定系數法methodofundeterminedcoefficient共振現象resonancephenomenon歐拉方程Euler

42、equation冪級數解法powerseriessolution數值解法numerialsolution勒讓德方程Legendreequation微分方程組systemofdifferentialequations常系數線性微分方程組systemoflineardifferentialequationswithconstantcoefficientV、X、Z:Valueoffunction：函數值Variable：變數Vector：向量Velocity：速度Verticalasymptote：垂直漸近線Volume：體積X-axis：x軸x-coordinate：x坐標x-intercept：

43、x截距Zerovector：函數的零點Zerosofapolynomial：多項式的零點T:Tangentfunction：正切函數Tangentline：切線Tangentplane：切平面Tangentvector：切向量Totaldifferential：全微分Trigonometricfunction：三角函數Trigonometricintegrals：三角積分Trigonometricsubstitutions：三角代換法Tripeintegrals：三重積分S:Saddlepoint：鞍點Scalar：純量Secantline：割線Secondderivative：二階導數Sec

44、ondDerivativeTest：二階導數試驗法Secondpartialderivative：二階偏導數Sector：扇形Sequence：數列Series：級數Set：集合Shellmethod：剝殼法Sinefunction：正弦函數Singularity：奇點Slantasymptote：斜漸近線Slope：斜率Slope-interceptequationofaline：直線的斜截式Smoothcurve：平滑曲線Smoothsurface：平滑曲面Solidofrevolution：旋轉體Space：空間Speed：速率Sphericalcoordinates：球面坐標Squee

45、zeTheorem：夾擠定理Stepfunction：階梯函數Strictlydecreasing：嚴格遞減Strictlyincreasing：嚴格遞增Sum：和Surface：曲面Surfaceintegral：面積分Surfaceofrevolution：旋轉曲面Symmetry：對稱R:Radiusofconvergence：收斂半徑Rangeofafunction：函數的值域Rateofchange：變化率Rationalfunction：有理函數Rationalizingsubstitution：有理代換法Rationalnumber：有理數Realnumber：實數Rectang

46、ularcoordinates：直角坐標Rectangularcoordinatesystem：直角坐標系Relativemaximumandminimum：相對極大值與極小值Revenuefunction：收入函數Revolution,solidof：旋轉體Revolution,surfaceof：旋轉曲面RiemannSum：黎曼和Riemanniangeometry：黎曼幾何Right-handderivative：右導數Right-handlimit：右極限Root：根P、Q:Parabola：拋物線Paraboliccylinder：拋物柱面Paraboloid：拋物面Paralle

47、lepiped：平行六面體Parallellines：并行線Parameter：參數Partialderivative：偏導數Partialdifferentialequation：偏微分方程Partialfractions：部分分式Partialintegration：部分積分Partiton：分割Period：周期Periodicfunction：周期函數Perpendicularlines：垂直線Piecewisedefinedfunction分段定義函數Plane：平面Pointofinflection：反曲點Polaraxis：極軸Polarcoordinate：極坐標Polareq

48、uation：極方程式Pole：極點Polynomial：多項式Positiveangle：正角Point-slopeform：點斜式Powerfunction：冪函數Product：積Quadrant：象限QuotientLawoflimit極限的商定律QuotientRule：商定律M、N、O:Maximumandminimumvalues：極大與極小值MeanValueTheorem：均值定理Multipleintegrals：重積分Multiplier：乘子Naturalexponentialfunction自然指數函數Naturallogarithmfunction自然對數函數Nat

49、uralnumber：自然數Normalline：法線Normalvector：法向量Number：數Octant：卦限Oddfunction：奇函數One-sidedlimit：單邊極限Openinterval：開區間Optimizationproblems：最佳化問題Order：階Ordinarydifferentialequation：常微分方程Origin：原點Orthogonal：正交的L:Laplacetransform：Leplace變換LawofCosines：余弦定理Leastupperbound：最小上界Left-handderivative：左導數Left-handlim

50、it：左極限Lemniscate：雙鈕線Length：長度Levelcurve：等高線LHospitalsrule洛必達法則Limacon：蚶線Limit：極限Linearapproximation：線性近似Linearequation：線性方程式Linearfunction：線性函數Linearity：線性Linearization：線性化Lineintheplane：平面上之直線Lineinspace：空間之直線Lobachevskigeometry羅巴切夫斯基幾何Localextremum：局部極值Localmaximumandminimum局部極大值與極小值Logarithm：對數Lo

51、garithmicfunction：對數函數I:Implicitdifferentiation：隱求導法Implicitfunction：隱函數Improperintegral：瑕積分Increasing/DecreasingTest遞增或遞減試驗法Increment：增量IncreasingFunction：增函數Indefiniteintegral：不定積分Independentvariable：自變數Indeterminatefrom：不定型Inequality：不等式Infinitepoint：無窮極限Infiniteseries：無窮級數Inflectionpoint：反曲點Inst

52、antaneousvelocity：瞬時速度Integer：整數Integral：積分Integrand：被積分式Integration：積分Integrationbypart：分部積分法Intercepts：截距IntermediatevalueofTheorem中間值定理Interval：區間Inversefunction：反函數Inversetrigonometricfunction反三角函數Iteratedintegral：逐次積分H:Highermathematics高等數學/高數E、F、G、H:Ellipse：橢圓Ellipsoid：橢圓體Epicycloid：外擺線Equatio

53、n：方程式Evenfunction：偶函數ExpectedValued：期望值ExponentialFunction：指數函數Exponents,lawsof：指數率Extremevalue：極值ExtremeValueTheorem：極值定理Factorial：階乘FirstDerivativeTest：一階導數試驗法Firstoctant：第一卦限Focus：焦點Fractions：分式Function：函數FundamentalTheoremofCalculus：微積分基本定理Geometricseries：幾何級數Gradient：梯度Graph：圖形GreenFormula：格林公式

54、Half-angleformulas：半角公式Harmonicseries：調和級數Helix：螺旋線HigherDerivative：高階導數Horizontalasymptote：水平漸近線Horizontalline：水平線Hyperbola：雙曲線Hyperboloid：雙曲面D:Decreasingfunction：遞減函數Decreasingsequence：遞減數列Definiteintegral：定積分Degreeofapolynomial：多項式之次數Density：密度Derivative：導數ofacompositefunction：復合函數之導數ofaconstantf

55、unction：常數函數之導數directional：方向導數domainof：導數之定義域ofexponentialfunction：指數函數之導數higher：高階導數partial：偏導數ofapowerfunction：冪函數之導數ofapowerseries：羃級數之導數ofaproduct：積之導數ofaquotient：商之導數asarateofchange：導數當作變率right-hand：右導數second：二階導數astheslopeofatangent導數看成切線之斜率Determinant：行列式Differentiablefunction可導函數Differentia

56、l：微分Differentialequation：微分方程partial：偏微分方程Differentiation：求導法implicit：隱求導法partial：偏微分法termbyterm：逐項求導法Directionalderivatives：方向導數Discontinuity：不連續性Diskmethod：圓盤法Distance：距離Divergence：發散Domain：定義域Dotproduct：點積Doubleintegral：二重積分changeofvariablein二重積分之變數變換inpolarcoordinates：極坐標二重積分C:Calculus：微積分differ

57、ential：微分學integral：積分學Cartesiancoordinates：笛卡兒坐標一般指直角坐標Cartesiancoordinatessystem笛卡兒坐標系CauchsMeanValueTheorem柯西均值定理ChainRule：連鎖律Changeofvariables：變數變換Circle：圓Circularcylinder：圓柱Closedinterval：封閉區間Coefficient：系數Compositionoffunction：函數之合成Compoundinterest：復利Concavity：凹性Conchoid：蚌線Cone：圓錐Constantfuncti

58、on：常數函數Constantofintegration：積分常數Continuity：連續性atapoint：在一點處之連續性ofafunction：函數之連續性onaninterval：在區間之連續性fromtheleft：左連續fromtheright：右連續Continuousfunction：連續函數Convergence：收斂intervalof：收斂區間radiusof：收斂半徑Convergentsequence：收斂數列series：收斂級數Coordinate:s：坐標Cartesian：笛卡兒坐標cylindrical：柱面坐標polar：極坐標rectangular：直

59、角坐標spherical：球面坐標Coordinateaxes：坐標軸Coordinateplanes：坐標平面Cosinefunction：余弦函數Criticalpoint：臨界點Cubicfunction：三次函數Curve：曲線Cylinder：圓柱CylindricalCoordinates：圓柱坐標A、B:Absoluteconvergence：絕對收斂Absoluteextremevalues：絕對極值Absolutemaximumandminimum絕對極大與極小Absolutevalue：絕對值Absolutevaluefunction：絕對值函數Acceleration：加

60、速度Antiderivative：反導數Approximateintegration：近似積分Approximation：逼近法bydifferentials：用微分逼近linear：線性逼近法bySimpsonsRule：Simpson法則逼近法bytheTrapezoidalRule梯形法則逼近法Arbitraryconstant：任意常數Arclength：弧長Area：面積underacurve：曲線下方之面積betweencurves：曲線間之面積inpolarcoordinates：極坐標表示之面積ofasectorofacircle：扇形之面積ofasurfaceofarevol