1、現在分詞和過去分詞的用法 現在分詞可用于：構成進行時。e.g. We are studying English.當副詞作狀語。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.當形容詞作定語、賓補和表語。 e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving. 過去分詞可用于：構成完成時。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.構成被動語態。e.g.

2、 English is widely spoken in the world.當副詞作狀語。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.當形容詞作定語、賓補和表語。 e.g. a boy named Tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. Im interested in English.分 詞 的 作 用謂語非謂語時態形式意義句子成分相當于現在分詞進行時態進行狀語副詞主動定語、賓補、表語形容詞過去分詞完成時態完成狀語副詞被動語態被動定語、賓補、表語形容詞分詞用途一覽表現在分詞與過去分詞的兩大差別1

3、、現在分詞與過去分詞的最大差別在于語態上：現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。2、現在分詞與過去分詞的第二大差別在時態上：現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成。何為主動關系、被動關系？He hurt his leg badly.He與hurt之間是主動關系leg與hurt之間是被動關系主動關系：主語與謂語之間的詞語搭配關系，即主謂關系。被動關系：賓語與謂語之間的詞語搭配關系，即動賓關系。找對分 詞 的 邏 輯 主 語1 作狀語時 Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students是seeing的邏輯主語 Heated,

4、the metal expands. the metal是 heated的邏輯主語 結論：分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子主語。2 作賓補時 I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的邏輯主語 His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的邏輯主語 結論：分詞作賓補，其邏輯主語是句子賓語。3 作表語時 The film is moving. the film是 moving的邏輯主語 The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是surprised的邏輯主語 結論：

5、分詞作表語，其邏輯主語是句子主語。4 作定語時 This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的邏輯主語 The moved children looked serious. children是 moved的邏輯主語結論：分詞作定語，其邏輯主語是被修飾詞（即中心詞）。5 用于復合結構中時（即在獨立主格中與with復合結構中） With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. the task是 completed的邏輯主語 It being Sunday, they had n

6、o classes. it 是being的邏輯主語結論：分詞用于復合結構，邏輯主語是復合結構中的邏輯主語分詞所作成分分詞的邏輯主語狀語主語表語賓補賓語定語被修飾詞復合結構復合結構中的邏輯主語分 詞 的 邏 輯 主 語一覽表確定分詞的使用的具體步驟1、根據句子結構確定分詞的語法成分2、找準邏輯主語3、判斷主、被動關系4、選定現在或過去分詞1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed簡析：據語法分析可知，待選

7、部分是修飾 noise 的定語短語；據常識“雷聲隨閃電之后到來”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise與follow是主動關系。因此，該題應選B。2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing簡析：根據語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語；Th

8、e Olympic Games是動詞 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，該題選C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak簡析：該題應選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句 which is spoken4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析

9、：該題應選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句 who were invited5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析：該題應選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句which were written二、分詞作表語 共同點：分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。不同點：分詞作表語時，句子的主語

10、就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發生在謂語動詞之前或同時發生。 1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡析：根據語法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作連系動詞, 待選部分應作表語 ；The news 對于動詞 encourage 來說應是主動關系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，該題應選A。2. -How did Bob do in the exams

11、 this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡析：根據語法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作連系動詞, 待選部分作表語。 再根據 his father 對于動詞 please 來說應是被動關系, 即這個結果使他的父親高興。因此, 該題應選C。3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excite

12、dly D . exciting 簡析：該題應選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。 三、分詞作賓語補足語 共同點：分詞在復合賓語中可作賓語補足語，對句子的賓語起補充或說明作用。不同點：分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發生在謂語動詞之前或同時發生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 簡析: 首先, 根據語法分析可知, 待

13、選部分在句中應作賓補, 補充說明賓語 the man; 再根據賓語 the man 對于動詞 lie 來說應是主動關系, 且lie 這個動作與謂語動詞 found 同時進行。因此, 該題應選A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡析: 首先, 根據語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應作賓補, 補充說明賓語 the package; 再根據 the package 對于動詞 weig

14、h 來說, 只能是被動關系。因此，該題應選D。3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself _. A. understand B.understanding C.understood D.understands 簡析: 該題應選C。himself是make的賓語，待選部分的邏輯主語。由于英語表達能力差，說出的英語別人難于聽懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，這里用過去分詞來表達這一被動含義。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can fee

15、l the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 簡析: 該題應選B。測試使役動詞后用現在分詞作賓補表示賓語正發出的動作。 四、分詞作狀語 共同點：分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。不同點：分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發生在謂語動詞之前或同時發生。 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said ，_ to the

16、notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡析：該題應選A。測試現在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞 angrily 進行干擾。若B 答案為 and pointed angrily 時也對。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡析：該題應選C。 測試非謂語動詞的

17、否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動作發生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 簡析：該題應選C。測試現在分詞可以作補充說明的狀語。另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨立主格結構或 with 復合結構來替代。(此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語。) 例: The murderer was br