1、Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(腦神經)I. Olfactory n. (嗅神經)II. Optic n. (視神經)III. Oculomotor n. (動眼神經)IV. Trochlear n. (滑車神經)V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神經)VI. Abducent n. (展神經)VII. Facial n. (面神經)Systematic Anatomy1Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityThe Cranial Nerves一嗅二視三動眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八聽九舌咽， 十是

2、迷走十一副，再加舌下十二全。VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蝸神經) (位聽神經)IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神經)X. Vagus n. (迷走神經)XI. Accessory n. (副神經)XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神經)Oh. oh. oh. to touch and feel very green vegetablesAH!Systematic Anatomy2Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroductionA. Classific

3、ation of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感覺神經): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (運動神經): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神經): V, VII, IX, X.Systematic Anatomy3Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroductionB. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers 感

4、覺(傳入) 纖維 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般軀體感覺纖維): skin nerve endings (皮膚神經末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭)Systematic Anatomy4Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroduction 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊軀體感覺纖維): visual (視), hearing (聽), balance organs (平衡)Systematic An

5、atomy5Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroduction 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般內臟感覺纖維): all viscera (全部內臟) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊內臟感覺纖維): olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味器)Systematic Anatomy6Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University Intro

6、duction2. Motor (efferent) fibers 運動 (傳出）纖維 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般軀體運動纖維): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌)Systematic Anatomy7Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroduction 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般內臟運動纖維): smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌),

7、 glands (腺體) Systematic Anatomy8Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityIntroduction 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊內臟運動): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源與鰓弓的骨骼肌) I 鰓弓 咀嚼肌 II 鰓弓 面肌 III-VII 鰓弓 咽喉肌, 胸鎖乳突肌,斜方肌Systematic Anatomy9Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qing

8、dao UniversityI. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神經)SVAolfactory bulb(嗅球)olfactory filaments (I)(嗅絲)cribriform foraminaolfactory cells(嗅細胞)within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity(在鼻腔內嗅區上皮)anosmia 嗅覺喪失 hyposmia 嗅覺減退Systematic Anatomy10Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University II. The Optic N

9、erve (視神經) SSArod cells(視桿細胞)cone cells(視錐細胞)ganglioniccells(節細胞)IIoptic chiasma(視交叉)optic canal(視神經管)photoreceptor cells(感光細胞) total blindness 全盲 bipolar cells(雙極細胞)Systematic Anatomy11Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Oculomotor Nerve (動眼神經) GSE, GVE midbrain（中腦）腳間窩III sup

10、erior branch(上支)superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris(上直肌,上瞼提肌)inferior rectus medial rectusinferior oblique(下直肌,內直肌,下斜肌)superior orbital fissure (眶上裂)III inferior branch(下支)strabismus 斜視 損傷:眼瞼下垂, 瞳孔擴大 , 眼球轉向外下, 復視sphincter pupil, ciliary m.(瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌)Systematic Anatomy12Dept of Anatomy, Medi

11、cal College, Qingdao University . The Oculomotor Nerve (動眼神經) GSE, GVESystematic Anatomy13Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Trochlear Nerve (滑車神經) GSE midbrain(中腦)背側IVsuperior oblique（上斜肌）sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂)Systematic Anatomy14Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao

12、University . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVEV maxillary n(上頜神經) ophthalmic n(眼神經) mandibular nerve (下頜n)pons(腦橋)lacrim. n(淚腺)frontal (額) nnasociliary(鼻睫) n眶上神經lacrimal gland(淚腺)鼻背,腔,篩竇,眼球Vganglion(三叉神經節)額皮infraorbital(眶下) n sup. alveolar(上牙槽) n auriculotemporal n buccal (頰) nlingual (舌) ninf. a

13、lveolar n 眼口間皮膚上牙,牙齦顳部皮膚頰部皮膚,粘膜舌前 2/3 一般感覺Taste.舌前2/3味覺mental 頦n 下唇皮膚lower teeth下牙,牙齦masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神經痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神經封閉鼓索下頜舌骨肌NZygomatic n.(顴神經)顴部皮膚滑車上神經VIISystematic Anatomy15Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Trigeminal

14、Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVESystematic Anatomy16Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVESystematic Anatomy17Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVEV1V2V3Systematic Anatomy18Dept of Anatomy, Medical Colleg

15、e, Qingdao University . The Abducent Nerve (展神經) GSEpons（腦橋）VIlateral rectus（外直肌）strabismus 斜視 diplopia (double vision) 復視sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂)Systematic Anatomy19Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversityCN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) olfactor

16、y cellsCN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar cells rod & cone cellsCN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior obliqueCN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain I

17、V superior obliqueCN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) ganglion 1. ophthalmic n. (V1) lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. frontal skin supratrochlear n. frontal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus Summary of CN I - VISystematic Anatomy20Dept of Anatomy, Medical

18、 College, Qingdao University 2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n. nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa ling

19、ual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectusSummary of CN I - VISystematic Anatomy21Dept of Anatomy,

20、 Medical College, Qingdao University VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVEpons(腦橋)延髓溝geniculate ganglion(膝神經節)VIIVIIstapedius(鐙骨肌)taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue(舌前味覺)facial mm.(面肌)lingual n(舌神經)tympanic chord(鼓索)stapedial n (鐙骨肌神經)temporal branches (顳支)zygomatic branches (顴支)buccal branches

21、 (頰支)marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣)cervical branch (頸支)V1 lacrimal nlacrimal glandnasal glands palatine glands(淚,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibular gland, sublingual gland(下頜下腺,舌下腺)facial paralysis面神經癱facial spasm面痙攣pterygo-palatinegangliongreater petrosal n(巖大神經) 腭,蝶腭Ninternal acoustic porestylomastoidforamenSystemat

22、ic Anatomy22Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVESystematic Anatomy23Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVESystematic Anatomy24Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Universi

23、ty . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經) SSAnervous deafness 神經性耳聾brain stem(腦干)延髓腦橋溝vestibular n.(前庭神經)cochlear n.(蝸神經)vestibular ganglion(前庭神經節)spiral ganglion(螺旋神經節)頭位置聽覺maculae of saccule(橢圓囊) maculae of utricle(球囊) ampullarycrest(壺腹嵴)spiral organs（螺旋器）Int.acous. meatus & pore(內耳道,內耳門)Systematic

24、 Anatomy25Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經) SSASystematic Anatomy26Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSAIXmedulla oblongata(延髓)sup. ganglioninf. gangliontympanic n(鼓室) o

25、tic gangparotid gland(腮腺)carotid sinus branchcarotid sinus & glomuslingual br (舌支)post. 1/3 of tongue (tastepharynxstylopharyngeal br (莖突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(莖突咽肌)tonsillar br.(扁桃體支)palatine tonsil(腭扁桃體)post.auricular br(耳后支)pharyngeal mm.pharyngeal branch(咽支)post. auricul. skin(耳后皮膚)& other sensory)jug

26、ular foramenSystematic Anatomy27Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve(舌咽神經) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSASystematic Anatomy28Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSAmedulla oblongataXLRsup. ganglioninf. gangl

27、ionsup.laryng.n(喉上N) phary.br.(咽支)sup.cerv.card.br.(頸上心支)inf.cerv.card.br.(頸下心支)rec.laryng. n.(喉返N)inf.laryng.n(喉下N)bronc.br.(支氣管支)esophag.br.(食管支)ant.vagal tr.(前干)post.vagal tr.(后干)int.br.(內支)laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜)cricothyroideus(環甲肌)phary.mm(咽肌)& mucosa(粘膜)cardiac plexus(心叢)heart mm(心肌)laryng.mm喉肌& muc

28、osa(粘膜)esoph.br(食管支)trac. br(氣管支)食管腺,肌氣管腺,肌& mucosa(粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜)hepat.br.(肝支)ant.gast.br(胃前支)post.gast.br(胃后支)celiac br.(腹腔支)hepat. plxgast. plxgast. plxceliac plx肝腺,肌senssenssenssens胃腺,肌胃腺,肌腸腺,肌pulmonary plxesoph. plx支氣管腺,肌食管腺,肌& mucosa(粘膜)& mucosa(粘膜)sense耳支耳廓,硬腦膜ext.br.(外支)jugular foramenCTASy

29、stematic Anatomy29Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSASystematic Anatomy30Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神經) SVE medullaoblongata(腦干)spinal cord(脊髓)cranial root (顱根)spinal root(脊根)XIsterno-clei

30、do-mastoideus(胸鎖乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌)pharyngeal mm.laryngeal mm(咽喉肌)Xjugular foramenSystematic Anatomy31Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve(舌下神經) GSEmedulla oblongata(延髓)XIIlingual branches(舌支)mm of tongue(舌肌)descending br(降支)ansa cervicalis(頸袢)infrahyoid mm

31、(舌骨下肌群)hypo-glossal canal舌下神經管cervical plexus (頸叢)paralysis of tongue mm. 舌肌癱瘓(伸舌時舌歪向患側)Systematic Anatomy32Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversitySummary of CN VII - XIICN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n. greater petrosal n. n. of pt

32、erygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branches zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi 5. buc

33、cal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular ganglion maculae of saccule & utricle, a

34、mpullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organsSystematic Anatomy33Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao UniversitySummary of CN VII - XIICN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic p

35、lexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch pharyngeal mucous 4. stylopharyngeal branch stylopharyngeus 5. tonsillar branch palatine tonsil 6. posterior auricular branch posterior au