1、英語專業(yè)八級(jí)考試翻譯真題解析?考試大綱?對(duì)翻譯的要求 翻譯工程為主觀試題，分兩個(gè)局部。第一局部Section A Chinese to English，要求考生將文內(nèi)約150個(gè)左右的漢字譯成英語。第二局部Section B English to Chinese，要求考生將文內(nèi)約150個(gè)左右的英語譯成漢語，高校英語專業(yè)八級(jí)考試大綱(2004年新版)對(duì)漢譯英測試提出了兩點(diǎn)較新的要求：第一，能運(yùn)用漢譯英的理論和技巧，翻譯我國報(bào)刊雜志上的文章和一般文學(xué)作品。速度為每小時(shí)250至300個(gè)漢字。第二、譯文必須忠實(shí)原意，語言通順、流暢。 1內(nèi)容上以文學(xué)翻譯和政論性文章為主2在質(zhì)量的要求上強(qiáng)調(diào)忠實(shí)和通順，現(xiàn)在

2、還加上了“流暢這一較高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 TEM8，1996 漢譯英試題在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是個(gè)交朋友的好時(shí)機(jī)。在這樣的場合陌生人相見如果是亞洲人，他們總是在開口之前先畢恭畢敬的把自己的名片遞上，這好象是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而法國人一般都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面應(yīng)酬幾句，甚至海闊天空的聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏知名片。二話不說，先掏名片反而有些勉強(qiáng)。1 漢語理解廣交朋友：make friends extensively ?Make a lot of friends“冷餐會(huì)、“酒會(huì)：cold dish party ?buffet reception dinn

3、er party“應(yīng)酬 ：coldly talk for a while ?exchange of conversational greetings; exchange of amenities or compliments 見面時(shí)談?wù)撎鞖饫渑膽?yīng)酬話“海闊天空：unrestrained and far-ranging“二話不說：before starting a conversation“投機(jī)：speculativeagreeable“勉強(qiáng)：reluctantunnatural學(xué)生譯文：(1)雙方見面應(yīng)酬幾句也就各自走開。They will leave after exchanges of

4、some polite expressions of formulas.(2)甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開。They will leave even after a lot of talking.(3) 二話不說先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。It seems reluctant to offer visiting cards without a word.It seems somewhat unnatural for them to give name cards before getting into conversation.(4) 他們往往開口之前先必恭必敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方。T

5、hey usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths.When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation.5只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏知名片。Only when they are speculative in their convers

6、ation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards.They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.Have further intercourse2 英語表達(dá)翻譯應(yīng)該對(duì)漢英思維方式差異心中有數(shù)，否那么很容易受到思維方式的負(fù)干擾。我們需要的是TL思維方式的積極引導(dǎo)，排除SL思維方式的消極干擾。如英語名詞有數(shù)的范疇，漢語沒有，因此漢譯英時(shí)必須對(duì)名詞的數(shù)作出選擇。英語

7、中“亞洲人復(fù)數(shù)加S，而法國人復(fù)數(shù)為加 -men，有的同學(xué)就譯出“Asianman, Asianmen, Frenches。試比較英語中有關(guān)民族的詞匯QuirkSpecific reference Generic referencesingularpluralpluralAn AmericanA GermanAn AsianA EuropeanAmericansGermansAsiansEuropeans The AmericanThe GermansThe AsiansThe EuropeansAn EnglishmanA Frenchman EnglishmenFrenchmen The E

8、nglishThe French英語中的可數(shù)和不可數(shù)“禮節(jié)：an etiquette or etiquette? 這詞是不可數(shù)的，意思是manners, a set of customs and rules for polite behavior.“冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好時(shí)機(jī): are good opportunities?英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣是to give sb. an opportunity of / to In Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make a

9、 lot of friends.3 文化因素冷餐會(huì)：get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food / barbecue (student) ?準(zhǔn)確：buffet meal名片：card, name card; business card; visiting card; calling card“ID card?參考譯文在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是個(gè)交朋友的好時(shí)機(jī)。在這樣的場合陌生人相見如果是亞洲人，他們總是在開口之前先畢恭畢敬的把自己的名片遞上，這好象是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。 In Paris, cocktail partie

10、s and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. 然而法國人一般都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面

11、應(yīng)酬幾句，甚至海闊天空的聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏知名片。二話不說，先掏名片反而有些勉強(qiáng)。However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only whe

12、n they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.【2002年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】 大自然對(duì)人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對(duì)于大自然，全都一致并深深的依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年以來人們一直以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日

13、的溫馨家園。這樣，每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說，風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。1 漢英詞匯語義比照與翻譯“釀酒和飲酒學(xué)生譯文：brew wine and drink alcohol; brew spirits and drink wine; brew wine and drink beer正確的處理方法：1使用及物動(dòng)詞，但統(tǒng)一賓語，如brew and drink wine(2) 使用不及物動(dòng)詞，如brew and drink“喂牛和擠奶牛：cattle, bull, cow, calf, bullock, buffalo學(xué)生譯文：feed bull and milk cow; feed oxen and mi

14、lk them; feed bulls for milk正確處理方法：1使用及物動(dòng)詞 feed cattle and milk cows; feed cows and milk them; feed and milk cows; feed cows for milk(2) 使用不及物動(dòng)詞譯“擠奶，feed cattle and milk; feed cows and milk“鋤草：grass, straw, weed字面翻譯：eradicate/ remove / hoe up / uproot weeds意譯：hoe the garden; weed the garden, weed“溫馨

15、的家園：warm and fragrant ?Warm and comfortable, cozy, Hearth and home (good)修辭方面：同義反復(fù)“鋤草和栽花：weed and garden?Garden: doing work in your garden such as weeding and planting處理：1只用動(dòng)詞gardening(2) 與鄰近結(jié)構(gòu)取得平行效果，選擇weed the garden and plant flowers; weed to plant flowers“去教堂祈禱和做禮拜：go to church to pray and worshi

16、p ?Go to church本身有去教堂做禮拜的意思正確：go to church; go to the church to pray and worship; pray and worship in the church2 漢英話語組織法比照與翻譯Parallelism和漢語的騈偶結(jié)構(gòu)J. E. Kahn (1985): Parallel constructions, then, come in a great variety of sizes and shapes. These are all subject to an overriding and obvious rule: if e

17、lements are presented as parallel, they must be paralleltheir structures must be properly matched.(1) 文體問題：She is stubborn, selfish, and has a sharp temper.She is stubborn, selfish and quick-tempered.(2) 語法錯(cuò)誤：Not only is that a very unfair statement, but also quite untrue.Not only is that a very unf

18、air statement, but it is also quite untrue.“無論貧富不平行結(jié)構(gòu)：people, poverty or wealthyPeople, poor or the richPeople, poor or with propertyPeople, poor or of wealth平行結(jié)構(gòu)：people, poor or richPeople, the poor or the rich“種植莊稼和葡萄不平行結(jié)構(gòu)：they plant crops and grapevines, brewing and drink wineThey plant crops and

19、 grapevines, brew wine and drinkingThey plant crops and grapevines, brew, drink , feed cows and milk平行結(jié)構(gòu)：They plant crops and grapevines, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cowsThey plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk“到廣場拉琴、跳舞和唱歌不平行結(jié)構(gòu)：They play the violin, dance and sin

20、gingThey play the violin, dancing and singThey play the violin, dance and they sing平行結(jié)構(gòu)：They play the violin, dance and sing.They play the violin, dancing and singing根本常識(shí)類錯(cuò)誤：the natureIn a same wayGo to the churchPlay violinHuman beingEvery peopleCattlesMilksFolkloresGo to the church to prey參考譯文 大自然

21、對(duì)人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對(duì)于大自然，全都一致并深深的依賴著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間，上千年以來人們一直以不變的方式生活著。The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so.參考譯文種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒

22、，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜，在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣，每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說，風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, singing and dancing. The age-old la

23、nd remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.1998年這次到臺(tái)灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時(shí)代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖

24、國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的珍貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺(tái)。跨世紀(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須答復(fù)的問題。【概述】 這段文字是一篇赴臺(tái)訪問記的節(jié)選，文中夾敘夾議，用詞講究，文筆優(yōu)美。翻譯時(shí)有三大難點(diǎn)，一是文中的幾個(gè)復(fù)雜的長句，如第二句長達(dá)75字，而且里面包含轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等多種關(guān)系。二是我們習(xí)以為常的很多說法如“銘刻著印記，“推到歷史前臺(tái)等要翻譯好也不容易。三是這段文字涉及祖國統(tǒng)一的主題，筆下飽含感情，充滿了對(duì)祖國統(tǒng)一的期望和對(duì)臺(tái)灣同胞的深厚情意，所以翻譯時(shí)措辭很關(guān)鍵。 【參考譯文】 When we stayed in Taiwan for an exc

25、hange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environme

26、nts and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. The turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosp

27、erous day by day. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and work together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland. The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of h

28、istory. What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new century of hope? This is a question that demands our answer.1999年溫哥華Vancouver的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的奉獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻缺乏3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策。可以說，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長短而已。溫哥華那么更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的

29、多民族城市。現(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬華人對(duì)溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。【概述】 這段文字是對(duì)加拿大著名港口城市溫哥華的簡要介紹，語言清晰流暢，理解起來并不困難，除了“輝煌、“結(jié)晶等少數(shù)詞匯外，翻譯時(shí)在措辭上也不存在太多問題。但是原文少數(shù)句子與句子之間、句子內(nèi)部各成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系和語義關(guān)系不是很明確，譯成漢語時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。漢語語法呈隱含性(covertness)，英語語法呈外顯性(overtness)；漢語重意合，英語重形合

30、，因此英語句子中外在的形式連接手段很多，連詞的使用也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于漢語，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)本文的翻譯尤為重要。【參考譯文】 The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness. Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a populatio

31、n of less than 30 million. Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada. It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country. Vancouver is one of the

32、few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have com

33、e to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia. 【2000年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性成果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動(dòng)的旁觀者。世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，自己細(xì)心觀察。這樣，他們可以

34、更貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的微妙。【概述】 這是一段對(duì)中國科技館的介紹性文字，語言比較樸素，條理清楚，句子結(jié)構(gòu)都比較簡單，沒有太多費(fèi)解的地方。盡管如此，翻譯起來還是有一定難度。如何斷句，如何選詞是頗值得考慮的。【參考譯文】The first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history, which, by means of fossils and specimens，introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms. The second-

35、generation museums are those of industrial technologies. They demonstrate the fruits of industrialization at various stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, museums of the first generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators. The third

36、-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts. In such museums, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this way, they are brought closer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries. 【2001年8

37、級(jí)測試漢譯英】喬羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知，那就是釣魚和喝酒。晚年的喬羽喜愛垂釣，他說，“有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的，好環(huán)境便會(huì)給人好心情。我認(rèn)為最好的釣魚場所不是舒適的、給你準(zhǔn)備好餓魚的垂釣園，而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場所。釣魚是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動(dòng)，有益于身心健康。喬羽說：“釣魚可分三個(gè)階段：第一階段是吃魚；第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之；第三階段主要是釣趣，面對(duì)一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全都拋在一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。 【概述】本文原文相對(duì)簡單，不會(huì)造成理解問題。要注意的是在英文表達(dá)時(shí)，充分認(rèn)識(shí)到英語詞匯的多義性，對(duì)詞義理解透徹，選用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。另外要

38、注意的一點(diǎn)是語體類別。本文屬書面語言，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量選用相應(yīng)的英文書面詞匯和表達(dá)方式。在這一點(diǎn)上，譯文要比譯文得體的多，試比較。【參考譯文1】In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice

39、setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exe

40、rt a special appeal.According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of ones temperament and to ones health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a comb

41、ination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.【參考譯文2】Qiao Yu took to fishi

42、ng in his old age. He said: “Where there is fish and water, there is good environment, and good environment fills ones heart with joy. I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready for you, but an enchanting place in the wild where everything

43、is natural. Fishing is a game that can help improve ones temperament. It is good for mental and bodily health. Qiao Yu said: “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is

44、mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing a pool of green water, one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good rest, both mental and physical.【2003年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】 得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。一個(gè)春天的黃昏，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐、

45、堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。【概述】 本文的理解根本上不構(gòu)成問題。表達(dá)時(shí)，要注意恰當(dāng)?shù)臄嗑洹⑶‘?dāng)?shù)氖褂藐P(guān)聯(lián)詞，以及恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂闷叫薪Y(jié)構(gòu)。比方第一句和第二句是因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)該合二為一。第三句有7個(gè)分句，原樣照譯會(huì)造成相當(dāng)大的困難，容易失誤，并且毫無必要，可以按照其內(nèi)在邏輯和表達(dá)需要分為三句來譯。同時(shí)，在眾多同義詞、近義詞中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯仍然是一大考察重點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)注意琢磨下面評(píng)析要點(diǎn)。 【概述】本文中有相當(dāng)多的四字詞組，比方“橫行霸道、打入冷宮、百花怒放、賓客云集、笑語四溢、大千世界，其中一局部帶有鮮明的中國文化特色，對(duì)它們的翻譯構(gòu)成了

46、第一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)參看翻譯要點(diǎn)評(píng)析。另外，本文由四句構(gòu)成，可每一句都包含至少四個(gè)分層，如何正確的組句構(gòu)成了第二個(gè)難點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)注意比照原文與參考譯文，看連接方式。【參考譯文】Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wi

47、ngs clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosp

48、erous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears.【2004年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】在人際關(guān)系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人時(shí)首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)頗像是在餐館里用餐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時(shí)候，印象很好。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜，

49、吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是因?yàn)椋谝唬_始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜加蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷時(shí)有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應(yīng)吧。【參考譯文】We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to see merits in a new acquaintance. This is like dining in a res

50、taurant. You will be not only favorably impressed with the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse in praise of the first two courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your p

51、raises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce, and vice versa. And secondly, unfamiliarity, rather than familiarity,

52、breeds freshness in you when you start to eat in a restaurant new to you, which is the so-called effect of unfamiliarization. 【2005年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】 一個(gè)人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎？提出一個(gè)絕對(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然很困難；但是，大體上看一個(gè)人對(duì)待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，看他對(duì)待勞動(dòng)、工作的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對(duì)這個(gè)人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙?jì)了。 古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待自己的生命，當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時(shí)間白白地

53、浪費(fèi)掉。我國歷代的勞動(dòng)人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。參考譯文Accomplished men of all ages treat their lives very seriously. As long as they are living, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time in vain, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.【2006年8級(jí)測試漢譯英】中國民族自古以來從不把人看作高于一切，

54、在哲學(xué)文藝方面的表現(xiàn)都反映出人在自然界中與萬物占著一個(gè)比例較為恰當(dāng)?shù)牡匚唬墙^對(duì)統(tǒng)治萬物的主宰。因此我們的苦悶，根本上比西方人為少為小；因?yàn)榭鄲灥膹?qiáng)弱原是隨欲望與野心的大小而轉(zhuǎn)移的。農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的人比工業(yè)社會(huì)的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。況中國古代素來以不滯于物，不為物役為最主要的人生哲學(xué)。并非我們沒有守財(cái)奴，但比起莫利哀與巴爾扎克筆下的守財(cái)奴與野心家來，就小巫見大巫了。中國民族多數(shù)是性情中正和平、淡泊、樸實(shí)、比西方人容易滿足。參考譯文1:Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human bei

55、ngs to be superior to every other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a positioning proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed les