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1、liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang2 濟南的冬天老舍liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang學習目標有感情地朗讀課文,掌握重音和停連的要領。01品味語言,學習情景交融的寫作方法,及比喻、擬人等修辭方法的運用。02體會作者抒發的思想感情,培養熱愛祖國大好河山的情感。03第一課時liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyon

2、gqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang作者簡介老舍(1899-1966),原名舒慶春,字舍予,北京人,滿族。著名作家,杰出的語言大師,獲“人民藝術家”的稱號。代表作有小說駱駝祥子四世同堂,話劇茶館龍須溝等。其中茶館被譽為“東方舞臺上的奇跡”。liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang背景資料老舍先生于1930年7月來到山東,先后在濟南齊魯大學和青島山東大學任教7年之久,對山東產生了深厚的感情,山東被稱為他的“第二故鄉”。濟南的冬天是老舍先生1931年春天在濟南齊魯大學任教時寫成的。原為一系列直接描寫濟南風景名勝的

3、長篇散文一些印象中的第五節。此文雖是節選,但能獨立成篇。liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang檢查預習讀準字音地毯( ) 著落( ) 一髻兒( )寬敞( ) 貯蓄( ) 濟南( )倫敦( ) 奇跡( ) 看護( )水藻( ) 澄清( ) 鑲( )tnzhujchnzhjdnjknzochnxinliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang檢查預習理解詞義響晴:晴朗無云。溫晴:溫暖晴朗。設若:假如。著落:可以依靠或指望的來源。鑲:把物體嵌入另一物體內或圍在

4、另一物體的邊緣。綠萍:植物名,又名“滿江紅”,葉子浮出水面,春季綠色,夏季紅褐色。澄清:文中指水清澈見底。藍汪汪:形容藍得發亮。liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang點我放課文朗讀liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang朗讀指導讀音準確富有節奏讀出情感停連恰當學生自由朗讀課文。要求:liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliy

5、ongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang研讀課文閱讀課文思考:文章主要寫了什么?分為幾個部分?第一部分(1):總寫濟南冬天“溫晴”的特點。第二部分(2-6):具體描寫濟南冬天“溫晴”的山水景色。第三部分(7):總結上文,寫作者總的觀感。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliy

6、ongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang濟南冬天天氣的總特征是怎樣的?溫晴作者用什么樣的方法寫出濟南冬天的總體特點?對比與北平相比無風聲與倫敦相比無重霧與熱帶相比無毒日溫晴寶地喜愛liyongqia

7、ng墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang研讀課文運用對比手法寫有什么好處?“奇跡”“怪事”“害怕”對比寶地作者對濟南冬天的感受作者對濟南的愛liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang研讀課文課文還寫了濟南冬天的哪些景物?山水陽光朗照下的山薄雪覆蓋下的山城外的遠山綠萍水藻垂柳liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang研讀課文作者圍繞著這個特點選取了哪些具有代表性的景物來描寫濟南的冬天?三組山景陽光朗照下的

8、小山白雪覆蓋下的小山城外的遠山兩組水色水上冒著熱氣水中透著綠色研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨

9、墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang第2段開頭句有什么作用?這是個過渡句,起著承上啟下的作用。由上文總寫濟南冬天的特點,轉到下文對濟南冬天山、水的描寫。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqian

10、gliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang第3段中,作者為什么將“一圈小山”比作

11、“搖籃”而不是“竹筐”呢?“小山”擋住了寒風,讓山圈里的濟南人感到溫暖;“搖籃”能擋住寒風,讓搖籃里的孩子感到溫暖;溫暖,是“搖籃”與“山”的相似點。用“搖籃”,將“小山”寫得像母親一樣慈祥與體貼,生動形象地寫出濟南冬天溫暖的原因是有像“小搖籃”一樣的特殊地形,再現了這一“理想的境界”明凈、溫暖、舒適的特點?!爸窨稹睙o法傳達出這種特點。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨

12、liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang“最妙的是下點兒小雪呀”,雪后山景“妙”在何處?妙在雪光、雪色看吧,山

13、上的矮松越發的青黑,樹尖兒上頂著一髻兒白花,好像日本看護婦。 松的翠與雪的白相映生色;運用比喻的修辭方法,生動形象地寫出了披雪的矮松的美麗風姿。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang

14、liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang山尖全白了,給藍天鑲上一道銀邊。如洗的藍天與似銀的雪相映生輝。這樣,一道兒白,一道兒暗黃,給山們穿上一件帶水紋的花衣。 白雪與暗黃的草色,組成彩色的美景?!按弊旨葴蚀_表現了雪、草覆蓋的狀態,又引出了“一件帶水紋的花衣”的比喻,生動形象地寫出雪光之妙。研讀課文li

15、yongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongq

16、iangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang妙在雪態看著看著,這件花衣好像被風兒吹動,叫你希望看見一點兒更美的山的肌膚。以動寫靜,寫出雪動人的形態。那點兒薄雪好像忽然害了羞,微微露出點兒粉色。 把薄雪比喻成害羞的少女,寫出雪的迷人情態。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqia

17、ngliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang文章第4段是按照怎樣的順序描寫雪后山

18、景的?按照空間順序,從山上、山尖至山坡、山腰,有層次地寫出秀美的山景。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang

19、墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang第5段是怎樣寫城外遠山的?山坡上臥著些小村莊,小村莊的房頂上臥著點兒雪,對,這是張小水墨畫,也許是唐代的名手畫的吧。兩個“臥”字,傳神地寫出了村莊和雪的情態,渲染了一種恬淡、安適的氣氛。把雪后山坡的美景比作唐代的名手畫的“小水墨畫”,生動形象地突出了小山的素淡、雅致之美。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliy

20、ongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyo

21、ngqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang讀第6段,說一說濟南冬天的水有什么特點。反倒在綠萍上冒著點兒熱氣暖把終年貯蓄的綠色全拿出來綠整個的是塊空靈的藍水晶清研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongq

22、iang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang第6段運用了什么修辭手法?水藻真綠,把終年貯蓄的綠色全拿出來了。天兒越晴,水藻越綠,就憑這些綠的精神,水也不忍得凍上;況且那長枝的垂柳還要在水里照個影兒呢。擬人,生動

23、形象地寫出水的溫暖多情,表現出濟南冬天的無限生機和在冬天里孕育著的朦朧春意。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqi

24、ang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang看吧,由澄清的河水慢慢往上看吧,空中,半空中,天上,自上而下全是那么清亮,那么藍汪汪的,整個的是塊空靈的藍水晶。用“藍水晶”比喻藍汪汪、清亮亮的天空,生動形象地寫出了天空的晴朗。研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨li

25、yongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang

26、墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang讀完第二部分,作者帶著我們欣賞了濟南冬天的四幅美景,你能用五字短語給每一幅圖擬一個名稱嗎?山小山搖籃圖雪后初晴圖城外遠山圖水空靈水晶圖研讀課文liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨

27、劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang通過對這些景物的描寫,表達了作者怎樣的思想感情?表達了作者對濟南冬天的喜愛和贊美之情。深入探究liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨

28、liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqia

29、ng墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang細讀課文,思考:標題可否換為“冬天的濟南”? 不可以。因為“濟南的冬天”表明所寫的是濟南這一特定地域的冬天;“冬天的濟南”目的在于贊美“冬天”這個特定時令的濟南。也就是:這溫暖如春、秀麗如畫、天明水凈的藍水晶的世界就是冬天的濟南呀!深入探究liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨li

30、yongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang本文以“這就是冬天的濟南”結尾,能不能改成“這就是濟南的冬天”?為什么? 不能。這樣的結尾點了題,和標題相比在結構上又有所變化,顯示了

31、作者的匠心。因為上文描寫的是冬天里整個濟南鮮亮明麗的色彩,所以文末結句用“冬天”修飾“濟南”,抒發了對“冬天”這個特定時令里的濟南的感受。 不能。這樣結尾,也和開頭“濟南真得算個寶地”相呼應,抒發了作者對濟南的喜愛、贊美之情,給人以回味的余地。 不能。在結構上,標題和結尾形成了呼應,可以使讀者產生一種奇妙的感覺??吹綐祟},使人聯想起“忽如一夜春風來,千樹萬樹梨花開”的冬雪景象;讀完文章,感受到濟南的“溫晴”,再看看結尾的“這就是冬天的濟南”,這便使讀者經歷了從切膚之冷到響晴之暖的轉化,從而更突出了濟南的冬天的趣味。課堂小結liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqian

32、g墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang

33、liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang 或許濟南冬天實際上未必如老舍描寫的這般美。但平常之景進入文學家的眼里,便會成為美好的詩意風景。這是因為作者有一雙發現美的眼睛,仔細觀察、認真思考,經過內心的感受揣摩,并綜合運用多種修辭手法,精當地遣詞造句,賦予了濟南的山山水水無限的情意。拓展延伸liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqi

34、ang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang (1)本文和春都是寫景抒情的名篇,你覺得兩篇文章在寫法

35、上有哪些相同的地方?兩篇散文都通過幾幅具體生動的畫面來表現季節景物的特征。兩篇散文都綜合運用了比喻、擬人等修辭手法,使文章語言極具表現力、感染力。兩篇散文在描寫景物的同時都融入了作者對景物的喜愛和贊美之情,情景交融。兩篇散文在描寫眼前實景的同時都結合了自己的想象,虛實結合,豐富了文章內容,引人入勝。拓展延伸liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqi

36、ang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang (2)本文和春這兩篇散文都語言優美、寫景動人,通過對兩文的學習,你認為怎樣才能做到這一點? 寫好文章,必須

37、仔細觀察,認真思考,經過內心感受揣摩才能成文。在生活中,只有認真觀察事物,作文時才能寫出事物的“形”;真正用心去揣摩,才能發現和寫出事物的“靈性”;真正動了感情,才能使你描寫的事物真摯感人。板書設計liyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongq

38、iang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨liyongqiangliyongqiang墨劍飄雨墨劍飄雨liyongqiang濟南的冬天天氣特點:(三組對比)溫晴寶地濟南冬天的山陽光朗照下的山溫晴薄雪覆蓋下的山秀氣城外的遠山淡雅濟南冬天的水水溫、清水色綠對濟南冬天的熱愛對祖國山河的熱愛謝謝聆聽謝謝觀賞2 濟南的冬天 第一課時導入導入時序更替,

39、四季輪回,春夏秋冬都是美不勝收的。老舍先生曾經在濟南的秋天中寫道:“上帝把春的藝術賜給了西湖,把夏的藝術賜給了瑞士,把秋天和冬天全賜給了濟南?!痹谒磥恚瑵系那锾旌投焓亲蠲赖?;在他的筆下,濟南的秋天和冬天如詩如畫、別具風韻,今天就讓我們隨老舍先生,一同走進濟南的冬天吧!學習目標12繼續訓練朗讀,把握重音和停連的要領,體會作者所表達的情感。閱讀目標重點,涉及思考探究二、積累拓展四把握課文內容,理清文脈。3品味課文精美的語言,學習本文寫景狀物、議論抒情的語言。重點,涉及思考探究一重點,涉及思考探究一學習目標12學習課文抓住景物特點進行描寫的方法,掌握融情于景的寫法。寫作目標學習擬人修辭手法的運

40、用,鞏固比喻修辭手法的運用。難點,涉及積累拓展五重中之重,對接中考,涉及積累拓展三品格素養感受作者對濟南冬天的熱愛,培養熱愛祖國大好河山的感情,學會與自然和諧相處。老舍(18991966),原名舒慶春,字舍予,北京人,滿族,作家。他的主要作品有小說駱駝祥子四世同堂,話劇茶館龍須溝等。他的作品有著濃郁的地方特色,深受讀者喜愛。作者簡介預習資料速查本文節選自一些印象中的第五節。老舍1924 年赴英國,任倫敦大學東方學院中文講師。1929 年老舍回到祖國,于1930 年來到山東,先后在齊魯大學和山東大學任教7 年之久,對山東產生了深厚的感情,山東被他稱為“第二故鄉”。濟南的冬天是老舍1931 年春天

41、在齊魯大學任教時寫的。背景資料預習資料速查文體知識預習資料速查寫景散文的常見形式第一種是寫“實”景。以對自然景物、人工景觀的精確描寫見長,實景實寫,一切意義都是從描寫對象本身的形態中顯示出來的。第二種是寫“意”景。作者從主觀感受層面對環境物象進行描寫,不再是對景物進行純客觀描寫。作者用特定的心境、特別的感受去掃描景物,使景物顯現出一種主觀化、感覺化的變異。第三種是寫“情”景。作者用有情的眼光去觀察景物,讓景物浸染上作者的主觀感情,從而通過所描述的景物來感染讀者。預習資料速查知識鏈接堤下的渡口,小船兒依然系在柳樹上,卻不再悠悠晃動,橫了身子,被凍固在河里。船夫沒有出艙,弄他的簫管吹著,若續若斷,

42、似乎不時就被凍滯了;或者嘴唇不再軟和,不能再吹下去。在船下的冰上燃一堆柴火,煙長上來,細而端。什么時候,火堆不見了,冰面上出現一個黑色的窟窿,水咕嘟嘟冒上來。 賈平凹冬景1. 鑲( ):把物體嵌入另一物體內或圍在另一物體的邊緣。2. 單單( ):只;僅僅(表示從一般的人或事物中指出個別的)。3. 安適( ):安靜而舒適。4. 著落( ):可以依靠或指望的來源。5. 慈善( ):對人關懷,富有同情心。xing必考字詞梳理讀讀寫寫字形易錯字音易錯dn dnn shzhu luc shn6. 肌膚( ):肌肉和皮膚。7. 秀氣( ):清秀;(言談、舉止)文雅;(器物)小巧靈便。8. 寬敞( ):寬闊

43、;寬大。9. 貯蓄( ):儲存,積蓄。10. 澄清( ):(水、天空)清亮。11. 空靈( ):靈活而不可捉摸。12. 地毯( ):鋪在地上的毯子。j f必考字詞梳理xi qikun changzh xchng qngkng lngd tn輕聲字音易錯注釋中的生難字詞必考字詞梳理1. 響晴( ):晴朗無云。2. 髻( ):原指在頭頂或腦后盤成的各種形狀的頭發,文中比喻樹尖上的積雪如發髻一般。3. 水墨畫( ):純用水墨不著彩色的國畫。4. 綠萍( ):植物名, 又名“滿江紅”, 葉子浮出水面, 春季綠色, 夏季紅褐色。xing qng字形易錯jshu m hul png( )濟南( )救濟jj

44、多音字必考字詞梳理濟濟:語境記憶法。戰爭期間,濟( j )南有大量的難民等著救濟( j )。( )澄凈( )澄沙chndn澄形近字必考字詞梳理貯( )貯藏佇( )佇立zhzh貯,形聲字,從貝,寧讀音為zh,與寧(nng)為同形字聲,義為儲存。髻( )發髻鬢( )鬢發jbn鑲( )鑲嵌嚷( )吵嚷xingrng佇,會意字,指長時間地站著,與人有關,如“佇立”。詞寬 敞寬 闊同兩者都有“寬大”的意思。異側重立體空間之大,多用于形容院子、房屋等。側重平面面積之大,既可用于形容道路、土地、水面等具體事物,也可用于形容心胸、見識等抽象事物。例這間新裝修的房子寬敞明亮,布局合理。河面很寬闊,兩岸綠樹成蔭。

45、近義詞辨析必考字詞梳理文章主要描繪了濟南的冬天的哪三幅圖景?文章的語言有何特色?請結合文章內容簡要分析。景物描寫語言手法這篇文章抒發了作者怎樣的思想感情?情感預習思考問題作者是運用什么手法突出濟南的冬天“溫晴”的特點的?2導思1導思3導思4關鍵詞:溫晴帶著問題讀課文導思課文初讀感知讀法指導朗讀時,注意重音和停連的地方,同時體悟本文“情景交融”的特點,要讀出其中蘊含的情感。如:一個老 城,有山有水,全在藍天下很暖和安適地睡著,只等春風來把他們喚醒,這是不是個理想的境界?重讀“全”“暖和安適”,突出濟南的冬天給人帶來的舒適感;“一個老城”“這”后面的停頓可適當拉長,給人以舒緩的感覺;語速要慢,要讀

46、出一種慵懶舒適的感覺。課文初讀感知文章脈絡第一部分():總寫濟南的冬天“溫晴”的特點。北平的冬天常刮風濟南的冬天無風聲倫敦的冬天看不見日光濟南的冬天是響晴的熱帶的地方日光毒濟南的冬天是溫晴的濟南是個寶地第二部分():具體寫濟南的冬天的山水美景。山繞老城似搖籃雪染小山如少女雪臥城外似名畫清亮空靈藍水晶溫晴課文整體感知簡要概括課文主旨文章緊緊圍繞“溫晴”一詞,主要描繪了濟南的冬天的城、山、水、天,呈現給讀者一幅幅濟南特有的動人冬景圖,抒發了作者對濟南的冬天的喜愛和贊美之情,寄寓了作者對祖國河山真摯的熱愛之情。一課一法濟南的冬天非常成功地運用了擬人的修辭手法,表現了濟南的冬天的美麗可愛,表達了作者對

47、祖國河山、對大自然的熱愛之情。寫景散文中運用擬人的修辭手法,就是要把景物人格化,賦予所描寫的景物以人的情態特征,進而把景物寫得栩栩如生。一法一課一法今年的丁香花似乎開得格外茂盛,城里城外,都是一樣。城里街旁,塵土紛囂之間,忽然呈出兩片雪白,頓使人眼前一亮,再仔細看,才知是兩行丁香花。有的宅院里探出半樹銀妝,星星般的小花綴滿枝頭,從墻上窺著行人,惹得人走過了還要回頭望。 (宗璞丁香結)一例擬人一課一法一練濟南的冬天綜合運用了擬人、比喻等修辭手法,生動形象地描寫出了濟南的冬天的特點。請你也試著運用擬人的修辭手法寫一個片段,一方面要突出景物或事物的特點,另一方面要表現人與自然和諧相處的主題。必備品格

48、板書設計無風聲濟南的冬天無濃霧無烈日城山水天熱愛祖國河山溫晴(寶地)2 濟南的冬天 第二課時課文細讀品味1.作者要寫濟南的冬天,開頭為什么要寫北平、倫敦和熱帶?第一段作者拿濟南與北平、倫敦、熱帶作對比,突出濟南的冬天無風聲、無濃霧、無烈日,突出濟南的冬天“溫晴”的特點,并直接抒發贊美之情,贊譽濟南是個“寶地”,為下文寫濟南的山、水、天作鋪墊。課文細讀品味2.“設若單單是有陽光,那也算不了出奇”,這句話在文中起什么作用?這是個重要的過渡句,在總寫了對濟南冬天印象之后,轉到下文對濟南冬天山、水、天的描寫。課文細讀品味3.“一個老城,有山有水,全在藍天下很暖和安適地睡著,只等春風來把他們喚醒,這是不

49、是個理想的境界?”這句話運用了什么修辭手法,有怎樣的表效果?這句話運用了擬人的修辭手法,將老城人格化,使之帶有生命的感覺和意味,烘托出一種舒適溫暖的優美意境,流露出作者對濟南的冬天的無限喜愛,表達出作者對濟南的冬天的贊美之情。課文細讀品味4.作者主要運用什么順序來寫雪后的山景?這樣寫什么好處?作者在寫景時,主要按從高到低,即山尖、山坡、山腰的空間順序層層鋪寫,將雪的光、色、態一一展現出來,這就把一山之景寫得層次清晰,色彩斑駁,富有動感。課文細讀品味5.“山坡上臥著些小村莊,小村莊的房頂上臥著點兒雪”一句中的“臥”有何好處?兩個“臥”字,表現出“安閑、舒適”的狀態,既與前邊的“暖和安適地睡著”相

50、照應,又傳神地寫出了小村莊和小雪的姿態,就好像它們都有靈性一樣,烘托出一種恬靜安逸的氣氛。課文細讀品味6.“水也不忍得凍上,況且那些長枝的垂柳,還要在水里照個影兒呢”這句話有什么表達效果?“水也不忍得凍上”用擬人的修辭手法,把水寫得脈脈含情;“在水里照個影兒”既說明垂柳愛美,也說明水鐘愛垂柳,尊重垂柳像人一樣愛美的心愿,所以“不忍得凍上”,這樣,不僅寫出了水清、柳美,還突出了濟南冬天的無限生機和在冬天里孕育著的朦朧春意。課文細讀品味7.最后一段寫出了濟南冬天的水有什么特點?暖:反倒在綠萍上冒著點兒熱氣。綠:作者極寫綠萍之綠,水藻之綠,以襯托水之綠。清亮:作者通過寫長枝的垂柳“還要在水里照個影兒

51、”以及澄清的水同藍汪汪的天渾然一體,如同一塊空靈的藍水晶來表現水的清亮。1.重點 作者所寫的濟南的冬天有著怎樣的特點?他是通過哪些景物呈現這一特點的?嘗試用自己的語言, 向你的同學描述這些景物。(1)濟南的冬天最主要的特點是“溫晴”?!皽亍?,是相對于嚴寒或酷熱而言,氣溫宜人;“晴”,則是相對于“陰”而言,不僅指天氣晴朗,而且富有色彩,鮮明而不單調。課文全篇探究答題需注意:先要把特點用精煉的詞語概括出來,然后結合每個詞語,聯系課文內容簡要分析。(2)作者寫了濟南四周的小山,寫了雪景,寫了濟南的碧水和藍天,通過這些景物來表現濟南冬天的特點。描述示例:濟南三面環山,就像把濟南放在一個小搖籃里,這一特

52、殊地形使得濟南的冬天比較溫暖。濟南的山在下過小雪后,景色非常美妙,猶如穿了一件帶水紋的花衣,特別是快日落的時候,在夕陽的斜照下,那雪色異常嬌美。濟南的水在冬天不但不結冰,反而冒著點兒熱氣,水藻在澄清的河水中顯得更加碧綠,天藍汪汪的,像塊藍水晶。課文全篇探究2.難點從寫作上看,寫景抒情散文,必須做到“情景交融”。本文就是一個典型的例子:作者在描寫濟南的冬景時處處流露出喜愛和贊美之情。以本文為例,說說達到情景交融的幾種方法。(1)直抒胸臆。如文章開頭通過三組對比,贊譽“濟南真得算個寶地”,既寫出了自己的獨特感受,又顯得情真意切。(2)創造意境,流露真情。如“最妙的是下點兒小雪呀”“這是張小水墨畫”

53、,在優美的意境中,表達了作者對濟南的冬天的贊美之情。課文全篇探究(3)虛實結合,展開想象。如“請閉上眼想:一個老城這是不是個理想的境界”“樹尖兒上頂著一髻兒白花,好像日本看護婦。山尖全白了,給藍天鑲上一道銀邊”,不但描繪了眼前的景物,還通過想象寫景,虛實結合,飽含了作者的喜愛之情。課文全篇探究3.重點 文章題目是濟南的冬天,結尾為什么說“這就是冬天的濟南”?文章以濟南的冬天為題,表明所寫的是濟南這個特定地方的冬天,不是其他地方的冬天。最后“這就是冬天的濟南”一句是全文的結束語,抒發了作者對“冬天”這個特定時令里的濟南的總體觀感。這樣的結尾,既和開頭“濟南真得算個寶地”相呼應,又點明了中心,抒發

54、了作者對濟南的冬天的喜愛和贊美之情,給人以回味的余地。課文全篇探究1.線索清晰,布局井然。作者采用“一線串珠式”的構思方式,以“溫晴”為線索,把濟南冬天的全景、秀美的雪景、溫暖的水景等串在一起,使文章渾然一體。歸納總結特色總結2.寓情于景,情景交融。作者在寫景的過程中,蘊含著強烈的個人感情,使客觀景物都帶有感情色彩。全文處處流露出作者對濟南的冬天的喜愛和贊美之情。歸納總結3.比喻、擬人修辭手法的綜合運用。文中多處運用了比喻和擬人的修辭手法,生動貼切。如:把濟南周圍的小山比作“小搖籃”,把山坡上小村莊的雪景比作“小水墨畫”。擬人的句子則更多,如:說濟南老城“暖和安適地睡著,只等春風來把他們喚醒”。歸納總結最愛東山晴后雪宋 楊萬里其一原文: 只知逐勝忽忘寒,小立春風夕照間。最愛東山晴后雪,軟紅光里涌銀山。課文拓展積累國學經典字廷秀,號誠齋,與陸游、范成大、尤袤并稱“中興四大詩人”。陽光朗照(組詩)譯文:只知道尋覓勝景而忘了天寒,偶立在春風與夕陽晚照之間。(我)最喜歡那東山天晴后的雪景,軟紅的光芒里涌來(座座)銀山。課文拓展積累其二原文: 群山雪不到新晴,多作泥融少作冰。最愛東山晴后雪,卻愁宜看不宜登。譯文:東山的積雪(留)不到天氣放晴,多數成了濕潤的泥土,少許成冰。(我) 最喜歡那東山天晴后的雪景,但是發愁(雪后的東山只)適合觀賞而不適合攀登?!咀⑨尅勘驹娫}目

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