1、專升本英語講解非謂語動詞非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式一、不定式肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動式：to be done 完成式：to have done1.不定式做主語To see is to believe.It is + 形容詞 + for / of sb + 不定式結構a.在of sb 結構中，表示人物的性格和特征b.在for sb 結構中，表示事物的性質比較It is good of you to help me.It is good for you to give up smoking. 2.不定式做賓語 v+to do sth

2、 常見的動詞有：want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, intend, etc. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.3.不定式做賓語的補足語 v+sb.+ to do sth常見的動詞有;ask,get, allow, forbid, announce, force, request,advise, pray, recommend

3、,remind, beg等Illgetsomeonetorepairthebike. 常見的帶介詞to的短語：be used to 習慣 be related to 與有關get down to 著手做 put ones mind to全神貫注于 be opposed to 反對 devote oneself to 獻身于look forward to 盼望 object to 反對stick to 堅持 pay attention to 注意注：有些動詞要省掉to的不定式,主要有：A.感官動詞，如hear，see, observe, watch, feel等He saw the boy cl

4、imb the tree.B. 使役動詞，如make，let，have 等 he made me cry. 比較I was made to cry.4.不定式作定語The next train to arrive was from New York.5. 不定式作狀語,表示行為的目的、結果、原因、條件等。Im saving to buy a computer.He got to the station only to find the train had gone.6.不定式做表語Our duty is to study.1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the f

5、lowers.2. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.3. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone4. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A.not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look 二、動名詞 1. 動名詞做主語 Seeing is believing.= To see is t

6、o believe.注： 為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句末。(Arguing about it) is a waste of time.Its a waste of time arguing about it.動詞-ing形式作主語的幾個常用句型。It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time)等名詞+doing sth. It is no use crying.It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ do

7、ing sth Its worth making an effort. 2.動名詞做表語Her job is keeping the lecture hall. 3.動名詞做賓語v+ Ving avoid, miss, put off, postpone,suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny,escape, risk, excuse, keep, mind詞組有admit to/ get used to /devote oneself to/ object to /stick to/keep on /i

8、nsist on /be busy /look forward to/ be tired of/be capable of Go on to do 做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事 go on doing 繼續做同一件事。Having finished the exercises, we went on_(learn) the new words. Though it was raining heavily, they went on _(work). Stop 類似 mean to do 想要做某事 mean doing 意味著要有一個結果I didnt mean _ (hurt)you.

9、Missing the train means _(wait) for another hour. regret to do 對即將要做的事表示遺憾regret doing 對所做的事感到后悔I regret _ (tell) her the secret and everyone is laughing at me. I regret _(say) I must leave tomorrow. remember to do 講的是將來的事，表示“不要忘記” remember doing 講的是過去的事，表示“記起來”I remember _(post) that letter already

10、. Remember _(lock) the door when you leave. try to do 設法做某事 try doing 試驗做某事I must try _(get) everything ready before he arrives. Would you please try _(do) that again? 5.作賓語補足語在see, watch, notice,hear, feel 等感官動詞后，既可用動詞-ing，也可用不定式，區別在于：用動詞-ing形式時，表示動作正在進行；用不定式時，表示動作發生了，即動作的全過程結束了。We sat 2 hours and

11、wathed the teacher _ (do) the experiment.We passed by the classroom and watched the teacher _ (do) the experiment.1. 動詞-ing形式表示習慣性動作，時間概念不強。 to do表示的動作一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作。They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?(具體)I like _(sing) ,but I dont

12、 like _(sing) this night .Singing to sing不定式和動名詞的區別2.如果主語是不定式，表語也是不定式.To see is to believe. 3. 如果主語是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等為中心的名詞,用不定式。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 三、分詞分詞分為現在分詞-ing和過去分詞-ed1)在語態上，現在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。 a

13、 frightening dog 一條讓人害怕的狗 a frightened dog一條被嚇壞的狗2)現在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示做完的事。boiling waterboiled water3）做表語時，-ing表示主語所具有的特征，使人如何；-ed表示主語的狀態 a _ (move )film a _(move)child (4)現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。A.-ing現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.She finished her homew

14、ork.She went to bed.=Finishing her homework, she went to bed.B.動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。Given more attention, the trees grew better.She was killed by a child. She died.= killed by a child, she died.C. Having found the mistake, we made a new plan.獨立主格結構的特點：1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形

15、容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關系。1.名詞/代詞+動詞-ingThe clock struck 12. I went to bed.The clock striking 12, I went to bed.The woman came in.her son followed her.The woman coming in, her son followed her.2.名詞/代詞+動詞-edWork is done. We went to bed.Work done, we went home. Enough time is given.He will do better.Enough time given, he will do better.1. _,Istretchedmyhandoutforit.A.Isawthebook B.Thebookwasontheshell C.SeeingthebooklyingonthedeskD.Lyingonthedesk2